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9780792375210

The Chemistry of Metal Alkoxides

by ; ; ;
  • ISBN13:

    9780792375210

  • ISBN10:

    0792375211

  • Format: Hardcover
  • Copyright: 2002-02-01
  • Publisher: Kluwer Academic Pub
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Summary

The study of the chemistry of metal alkoxides, which began more than 100 years ago, is now experiencing a renaissance due to the broad application of these compounds as molecular precursors in the synthesis of advanced technological materials based on simple and complex oxides. The solution of this problem is occupying a wide circle of inorganic chemists, technologists specializing in fine synthesis in nonaqueous media, and those working on the production of films and coatings. The application of metal alkoxides in the first step of sol-gel technology (based on hydrolysis of alkoxides with the subsequent dehydration of the hydrated oxides formed) is addressed in this monograph covering the modern literature devoted to all the steps of this process. This book is devoted to the general questions of the chemistry of metal alkoxides-the synthetic routes to them (both laboratory and technology) physiochemical properties, structure, specific features of single groups of alkoxides, theoretical principles of their use for the preparation of simple and complex oxides by the sol-gel method, and major directions of the application of this method in the preparation of functional materials. Also includes are the derivatives of single elements of first through eighth groups of the Periodic Table. The tables contain the major data on the alkoxides, phenoxides, siloxides, derivatives of polyatomic alcohols, and phenols, - their composition, structure, preparation techniques, and major physiochemical characteristics. These tables allow the book to be used as a handbook permitting a quick and essentially complete acquaintance with the distinct compounds and the literature describing them.

Author Biography

Nataliya Ya. Turova: MV Lomonosov State University, Moscow Evgenia P. Turevskaya: MV Lomonosov State University, Moscow Vadim G. Kessler: Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala, Sweden Maria I. Yanovskaya: L. Ya. Karpov Institute of Physical Chemistry Moscow

Table of Contents

Symbols and abbreviations ix
Preface xi
Introduction
1(10)
Classification. General characteristic of the metal alkoxides
1(2)
Main steps in the development of the chemistry of metal alkoxides
3(3)
Application of alkoxides in so-gel process
6(5)
General Synthetic Approaches
11(20)
Reactions of metals with alchols (method 1)
11(3)
Anodic oxidation of metals (method 2)
14(2)
Reactions of metal oxides or hydroxides with alcohols (method 3)
16(2)
Alcoholysis of MXn (method 4)
18(3)
Metathesis reactions of MXn with alkaline alkoxides or ammonia (method 5)
21(5)
Reactions of alcohol interchange or transesterification (method 6)
26(2)
Redox reactions of metal alkoxides: Oxidation of organometallic compounds (method 7)
28(3)
Physicochemical Properties of Alkoxides: Regularities in the Homologous Series
31(6)
Crystal and Molecular Structures of Metal Alkoxides
37(32)
Mononuclear complexes
38(3)
Binuclear complexes
41(4)
Trinuclear complexes
45(3)
Tetranuclear complexes
48(7)
Pentanuclear complexes
55(1)
Hexanuclear complexes
56(3)
Oligomeric alkoxides containing more than 6 nuclei
59(6)
Polymers
65(4)
Oxoalkoxides
69(8)
Specific Features of Physico-Chemical Behavior: «Coordination Polymerism»
77(10)
Heteroleptic Metal Alkoxides Containing Carboxylato-, β-Diketonato, and Aminoalkoxide Ligands
87(10)
Synthesis
88(4)
Molecular structures
92(2)
Particular features of hydrolysis and thermolysis
94(3)
Adducts and Heterometallic Alkoxides
97(10)
Solvate complexes
97(2)
Heterometallic complexes
99(8)
Hydrolysis of Metal alkoxides and Synthesis of Simple Oxides by the Sol-Gel Method
107(20)
Alkoxides of the metals of groups I and II
112(1)
Aluminum alkoxides
112(2)
Alkoxides of rare earth elements
114(1)
Germanium, tin, lead alkoxides
114(1)
Titanium and zirconium alkoxides
115(7)
Bismuth alkoxides
122(1)
Vanadium alkoxides
123(1)
Niobium and tantalum alkoxides
124(1)
Molybdenum and tungsten alkoxides
125(1)
Iron ethoxide
125(2)
Synthesis of Complex Oxides from Metal Alkoxides
127(22)
Barium titanate and BaTiO3-based solid solutions
129(8)
Complex niobates and tantalates
137(4)
Lead zirconate-titanate (PZT) and lead-lanthane zirconate-titanate (PLZT) solid solutions
141(3)
Bismuth strontium tantalates and niobates SrBi2MV2O9 (MV = Nb, Ta)
144(3)
High-temperature superconductors
147(2)
Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Materials
149(10)
Systems with weak chemical interactions
150(3)
Systems with strong chemical interactions between components
153(6)
The Overview of Metal Alkoxide Derivatives Along the Groups of the Periodic Table
159(346)
Alkaline, alkaline earth, and magnesium alkoxides
160(39)
Copper, silver, and gold alkoxides
199(12)
Beryllium alkoxides
211(6)
Zinc, cadmium, and mercury alkoxides
217(7)
Aluminium alkoxides
224(21)
Gallium, indium, and thallium alkoxides
245(11)
Rare earth elements alkoxides
256(33)
Germanium alkoxides
289(8)
Tin alkoxides
297(12)
Lead alkoxides
309(6)
Titanium alkoxides
315(33)
Zirconium and hafnium alkoxides
348(19)
Thorium alkoxides
367(5)
Bismuth alkoxides
372(7)
Vanadium alkoxides
379(16)
Niobium and tantalum alkoxides
395(23)
Chromium alkoxides
418(7)
Molybdenum and tungsten alkoxides
425(9)
Uranium and transuranium elements alkoxides
434(35)
Manganese alkoxides
469(4)
Technetium and rhenium alkoxides
473(2)
Iron alkoxides
475(15)
Cobalt and nickel alkoxides
490(7)
Alkoxide derivatives of platinum metals
497(8)
References 505(58)
Subject Index 563

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