Chemistry: Visualizing Matter

by Myers, R. Thomas; Oldham, Keith B.; Tocci, Salvatore

• ISBN13: 9780030520020
• ISBN10: 0030520029
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 1999-01-01
• Publisher: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt School

Table of Contents

The Science of Chemistry	2	(36)
A Wonder Drug	3	(35)
What is chemistry?	4	(6)
What is matter?	10	(10)
What is the nature of matter?	20	(6)
How is matter classified?	26
How To Use conversion factors	14
Consumer Focus Aspirin	9	(8)
QuickLab Thickness of Aluminum Foil	17	(8)
Element Spotlight Aluminum	25	(6)
Inquiry Lab Using Physical Properties to Separate a Mixture	31	(7)
Matter and Energy	38	(34)
The Last Voyage of the Grandcamp	39	(33)
What is energy?	40	(8)
What is the process of science?	48	(8)
How do chemists measure quantities?	56	(6)
How To Determine the number of significant figures	62
Inquiry Lab Applications of the Scientific Method	49	(12)
U.S. Pennies Comparison	61
QuickLab Model of a Black Box	53	(12)
Element Spotlight Helium	65	(7)
Atomic Structure and Electron Configuration	72	(38)
Excited Atoms and the Fourth of July	73	(37)
How do we know atoms exist?	74	(8)
What is the internal structure of atoms?	82	(10)
How are an atom's electrons configured?	92	(8)
How To Write an electron configuration	100
Consumer Focus Essential Elements	91	(12)
Element Spotlight Beryllium	103	(7)
The Periodic Table	110	(46)
Periodic Trends and a Medical Mystery	111	(45)
What makes a group of elements?	112	(13)
What gives metals their distinctive properties?	125	(9)
What trends are found in the periodic table?	134	(9)
Where did the elements come from?	143
Element Spotlight Oxygen	124	(8)
Science & Technology Superconductors	132	(24)
Ionic Compounds	156	(36)
Ions in the Yearbook	157	(35)
How are ions different from atoms?	158	(8)
What holds a salt together?	166	(10)
What are polyatomic ions?	176
How To Write formulas for binary ionic compounds	164	(14)
Write the name of a compound containing a polyatomic ion	178	(1)
Write the formula for a compound containing a polyatomic ion	179	(2)
Assign oxidation numbers to atoms in a polyatomic ion	181
Element Spotlight Sodium	165	(3)
QuickLab Can You Tell a Crystal by Its Shape?	168	(24)
Covalent Bonds and Molecular Forces	192	(40)
Life, Water, and Mars	193	(39)
Why do some atoms form covalent bonds?	194	(8)
How are molecules depicted?	202	(12)
How are molecular shapes determined?	214	(5)
What forces exist between molecules?	219
How To Draw Lewis structures	204	(3)
Draw Lewis structures with multiple bonds	207	(3)
Draw Lewis structures of polyatomic ions	210	(10)
QuickLab Watery Attraction	220	(12)
Carbon and Organic Compounds	232	(40)
Covalent Bonding and Trash Bags	233	(39)
What kinds of covalent compounds can carbon form?	234	(10)
How are carbon compounds named and drawn?	244	(9)
What is a polymer?	253
How To Name branched hydrocarbons	247	(4)
Decipher skeletal structures	251	(6)
QuickLab Properties of Polymers	257	(7)
Consumer Focus Recycling Codes for Plastic Products	264	(8)
The Mole	272	(34)
Sir Hugh's Book	273	(33)
How are atoms counted and measured?	274	(10)
How is the mole concept related to chemical formulas?	284
How To Use the sample problems in this text	276	(22)
Element Spotlight Silicon	298	(8)
Chemical Equations	306	(36)
Reactivity and the Statue of Liberty	307	(35)
What is a chemical reaction?	308	(4)
How are chemical equations for reactions written?	312	(6)
What does a chemical equation tell you?	318	(7)
How are chemical reactions classified?	325	(6)
Consumer Focus Fire Extinguishers	331	(1)
Science & Technology Protease Inhibitors	332	(10)
Stoichiometry	342	(40)
Mass Relationships and Feeding the Army	343	(39)
How much can a reaction produce?	344	(13)
How much does a reaction really produce?	357	(10)
How can stoichiometry be used?	367
How To Solve stoichiometry problems	349	(33)
Causes of Change	382	(40)
Energy and Low-Emission Cars	383	(39)
How does heat differ from other forms of energy?	384	(8)
How does temperature affect enthalpy and entropy?	392	(4)
What happens during a change of state?	396	(6)
How does thermodynamics apply to reactions and nutrition?	402
QuickLab A Randomness Model	386	(28)
Element Spotlight Hydrogen	414	(8)
Gases and Liquids	422	(44)
Ascent into the Ozone	423	(43)
What are the characteristics of gases?	424	(9)
What behaviors are described by the gas laws?	433	(13)
How do the gas laws fit together?	446	(8)
What conditions will cause a gas to condense?	454
Consumer Focus Non-CFC Air Conditioning	432	(5)
QuickLab Pressure Relief	437	(8)
Element Spotlight Nitrogen	445	(7)
Science & Technology Supercritical Fluids	452	(14)
Solutions	466	(44)
Solubility and the Arctic Bear Hunt	467	(43)
What is a solution?	468	(11)
Does substance A dissolve in substance B?	479	(8)
What causes conductivity in solutions?	487	(8)
How are a liquid's properties changed by solutes?	495
How To Prepare 1.000 L of a 0.5000 M solution	472	(5)
Inquiry Lab The Color of M&M® Candies	477	(17)
Consumer Focus Sports Drinks	494	(16)
Chemical Equilibrium	510	(30)
Fertilizers, Explosives, and World War I	511	(29)
What is an equilibrium system?	512	(11)
How is equilibrium measured?	523
Element Spotlight Lead	522	(2)
QuickLab Finding Equilibrium	524	(16)
Acids and Bases	540	(46)
Chemical Foes Do Battle	541	(45)
What are acids and bases?	542	(8)
Can the strengths of acids and bases be quantified?	550	(9)
How are acidity and pH related?	559	(10)
What is a titration?	569
How To Use logarithms in pH calculations	561	(13)
Carry out a titration	574
QuickLab An Acid Among Us	564	(4)
Consumer Focus Antacids	568	(18)
Reaction Rates	586	(32)
More Red Tides in Our Future?	587	(31)
What is a reaction rate?	588	(11)
How can reaction rates be explained?	599	(5)
How do catalysts change the rates of chemical reactions?	604
QuickLab Measuring Reaction Rate	590	(3)
Element Spotlight Magnesium	593	(25)
Electrochemistry	618	(38)
Faraday's Fish	619	(37)
What is electrochemistry all about?	620	(8)
How are electrolytic cells used?	628	(7)
How do batteries work?	635	(9)
What can be learned from an equilibrium cell?	644
Element Spotlight Chlorine	634	(3)
QuickLab Listen Up	637	(5)
Science & Technology Fuel Cells	642	(14)
Nuclear Chemistry	656	(169)
The Iceman Meets Nuclear Chemistry	657	(137)
Which atomic nuclei are stable?	658	(6)
What kinds of nuclear change occur?	664	(12)
How is nuclear chemistry used?	676
Science & Technology Radioactivity	674	(120)
Appendices
Appendix A Reference Tables	794	(12)
A-1 SI Measurement	794	(1)
A-2 Abbreviations	794	(1)
A-3 Symbols	795	(1)
A-4 Water-Vapor Pressure	795	(1)
A-5 Physical Constants	796	(1)
A-6 Common Ions	797	(1)
A-7 The Elements---Symbols, Atomic Numbers, and Atomic Masses	798	(1)
A-8 Properties of Common Elements	799	(1)
A-9 Densities of Gases at STP	800	(1)
A-10 Density of Water	800	(1)
A-11 Solubilities of Gases in Water	800	(1)
A-12 Solubilities of Compounds	801	(1)
A-13 Standard Thermodynamic Properties	802	(1)
A-14 Heat of Combustion	803	(1)
A-15 Comparison of Ionic and Atomic Radii	804	(1)
A-16 Agencies Regulating Chemicals in the United States	805	(1)
Appendix B Reading and Study Skills	806	(11)
How To Make power notes	806	(2)
How To Make pattern puzzles	808	(2)
How To Make KWL notes	810	(2)
How To Make two-column notes	812	(2)
How To Make concept maps	814	(3)
Appendix C Answers to Selected Problems	817	(8)
Glossary	825	(8)
Index	833	(14)
Credits	847