Understanding the dynamics of reactive polymer processes allows scientists to create new, high value, high performance polymers. Chemorheology of Polymers provides an indispensable resource for researchers and practitioners working in this area, describing theoretical and industrial approaches to characterising the flow and gelation of reactive polymers. Beginning with an in-depth treatment of the chemistry and physics of thermoplastics, thermoset and reactive polymers, the core of the book focuses on fundamental characterization of reactive polymers, rheological (flow characterization) techniques and the kinetic and chemorheological models of these systems. Uniquely, the coverage extends to a complete review of the practical industrial processes used for these polymers and an insight into the current chemorheological models and tools used to describe and control each process. This book will appeal to polymer scientists working on reactive polymers within materials science, chemistry and chemical engineering departments as well as polymer process engineers in industry.

Peter J. Halley is a Professor in the School of Engineering and a Group Leader in the Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN) at the University of Queensland. He is a Fellow of the Institute of Chemical Engineering (FIChemE) and a Fellow of the Royal Australian Chemical Institute (FRACI). Graeme A. George is Professor of Polymer Science in the School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology. He is a Fellow and Past-president of the Royal Australian Chemical Institute and a Member of the Order of Australia. He has received several awards recognizing his contribution to international polymer science.

Preface	p. ix
Chemistry and structure of reactive polymers	p. 1
The physical structure of polymers	p. 1
Linear polymers as freely jointed chains	p. 2
Conformations of linear hydrocarbon polymers	p. 5
Molar mass and molar-mass distribution	p. 8
Development of the solid state from the melt	p. 11
Controlled molecular architecture	p. 23
Stepwise polymerization	p. 24
Different polymer architectures achieved by step polymerization	p. 36
Addition polymerization	p. 59
Obtaining different polymer architectures by addition polymerization	p. 85
Networks from addition polymerization	p. 99
Polymer blends and composites	p. 105
Miscibility of polymers	p. 106
Phase-separation phenomena	p. 111
Interpenetrating networks	p. 126
Degradation and stabilization	p. 127
Free-radical formation during melt processing	p. 128
Free-radical formation in the presence of oxygen	p. 139
Control of free-radical reactions during processing	p. 149
References	p. 162
Physics and dynamics of reactive polymers	p. 169
Chapter rationale	p. 169
Polymer physics and dynamics	p. 169
Polymer physics and motion - early models	p. 169
Theories of polymer dynamics	p. 170
Introduction to the physics of reactive polymers	p. 175
Network polymers	p. 176
Reactively modified polymers	p. 177
Physical transitions in curing systems	p. 179
Gelation and vitrification	p. 180
Phase separation	p. 181
Time-temperature-transformation (TTT) diagrams	p. 181
Reactive systems without major transitions	p. 186
Physicochemical models of reactive polymers	p. 186
Network models	p. 187
Reactive polymer models	p. 191
References	p. 192
Chemical and physical analyses for reactive polymers	p. 195
Monitoring physical and chemical changes during reactive processing	p. 195
Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)	p. 196
An outline of DSC theory	p. 196
Isothermal DSC experiments for polymer chemorheology	p. 197
Modulated DSC experiments for chemorheology	p. 202
Scanning DSC experiments for chemorheology	p. 203
Process-control parameters from time-temperature superposition	p. 206
Kinetic models for network-formation from DSC	p. 207
Spectroscopic methods of analysis	p. 208
Information from spectroscopic methods	p. 208
Magnetic resonance spectroscopy	p. 209
Vibrational spectroscopy overview - selection rules	p. 213
Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) and sampling methods: transmission, reflection, emission, excitation	p. 216
Mid-infrared (MIR) analysis of polymer reactions	p. 222
Near-infrared (NIR) analysis of polymer reactions	p. 235
Raman-spectral analysis of polymer reactions	p. 240
UV-visible spectroscopy and fluorescence analysis of polymer reactions	p. 244
Chemiluminescence and charge-recombination luminescence	p. 255
Remote spectroscopy	p. 259
Principles of fibre-optics	p. 259
Coupling of fibre-optics to reacting systems	p. 263
Chemometrics and statistical analysis of spectral data	p. 271
Multivariate curve resolution	p. 272
Multivariate calibration	p. 275
Other curve-resolution and calibration methods	p. 280
Experimental techniques for determining physical properties during cure	p. 282
Torsional braid analysis	p. 282
Mechanical properties	p. 283
Dielectric properties	p. 287
Rheology	p. 292
Other techniques	p. 305
Dual physicochemical analysis	p. 311
References	p. 312
Chemorheological techniques for reactive polymers	p. 321
Introduction	p. 321
Chemorheology	p. 321
Fundamental chemorheology	p. 321
Chemoviscosity profiles	p. 327
Chemoviscosity	p. 327
Gel effects	p. 336
Chemorheological techniques	p. 336
Standards	p. 338
Chemoviscosity profiles - shear-rate effects, ¿s = ¿s(¿, T)	p. 338
Chemoviscosity profiles - cure effects, ¿c = ¿c(a, T)	p. 342
Filler effects on viscosity: ¿sr(F) and ¿c(F)	p. 343
Chemoviscosity profiles - combined effects, ¿all = ¿all(¿, a, T)	p. 344
Process parameters	p. 344
Gelation techniques	p. 345
References	p. 347
Chemorheology and chemorheological modelling	p. 351
Introduction	p. 351
Chemoviscosity and chemorheological models	p. 351
Neat systems	p. 351
Filled systems	p. 357
Reactive-extrusion systems and elastomer/rubber-processing systems	p. 370
Chemorheological models and process modelling	p. 370
References	p. 371
Industrial technologies, chemorheological modelling and process modelling for processing reactive polymers	p. 375
Introduction	p. 375
Casting	p. 375
Process diagram and description	p. 375
Quality-control tests and important process variables	p. 375
Typical systems	p. 376
Chemorheological and process modelling	p. 376
Potting, encapsulation, sealing and foaming	p. 378
Process diagram and description	p. 378
Quality-control tests and important process variables	p. 379
Typical systems	p. 379
Chemorheological and process modelling	p. 380
Thermoset extrusion	p. 380
Extrusion	p. 380
Pultrusion	p. 382
Reactive extrusion	p. 385
Process diagram and description	p. 385
Quality-control tests and important process variables	p. 387
Typical systems	p. 388
Chemorheological and process modelling	p. 389
Moulding processes	p. 391
Open-mould processes	p. 391
Resin-transfer moulding	p. 393
Compression, SMC, DMC and BMC moulding	p. 395
Transfer moulding	p. 397
Reaction injection moulding	p. 400
Thermoset injection moulding	p. 403
Press moulding (prepreg)	p. 405
Autoclave moulding (prepreg)	p. 406
Rubber mixing and processing	p. 407
Rubber mixing processes	p. 407
Rubber processing	p. 409
High-energy processing	p. 413
Microwave processing	p. 413
Ultraviolet processing	p. 415
Gamma-irradiation processing	p. 416
Electron-beam-irradiation processing	p. 417
Novel processing	p. 420
Rapid prototyping and manufacturing	p. 420
Microlithography	p. 424
Real-time monitoring	p. 426
Sensors for real-time process monitoring	p. 426
Real-time monitoring using fibre optics	p. 429
References	p. 431
Glossary of commonly used terms	p. 435
Index	p. 440
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved.

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