Child Development And Education

by McDevitt, Teresa M.; Ormrod, Jeanne Ellis

• ISBN13: 9780131188174
• ISBN10: 0131188178
• Edition: 4th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2010-01-01
• Publisher: Prentice Hall

Summary

For Child Development and Child/Adolescent Development courses taught in education departments. Child Development and Education, Third Edition is the only comprehensive child development text written specifically for educators. Written by a developmentalist and an educational psychologist, it provides the coverage and research found in the best child development texts but also then helps readers understand how to use this information as educators. Another unique aspect of the text is how it illustrates concepts using children's and adolescents' school work, case studies, and a three volume video CD that comes packaged with the book. These features of the text help readers actually see development, not simply read about it. Unique features include authentic student artifacts; observation guidelines with educational applications; development and practice features with concrete strategies for facilitating student development and learning; a chapter on development in reading, writing, math, and science; and extensive coverage of diversity and how as an educator to help all students thrive.

Table of Contents

PART I Theory and Practice in Child Development
Making a Difference in the Lives of Children and Adolescents	2	(31)
Case Study: Tonya	3	(1)
The Field of Child Development	4	(2)
Three Developmental Domains	5	(1)
Effects of Context on Development	5	(1)
Basic Issues in Development	6	(6)
Nature and Nurture	6	(2)
Universality and Diversity	8	(1)
Qualitative and Quantitative Change	9	(1)
Applying Basic Lessons from Child Development	10	(2)
Theories of Child Development	12	(6)
Biological Theories	12	(1)
Behaviorism and Social Learning Theories	12	(1)
Psychodynamic Theories	13	(1)
Cognitive-Developmental Theories	14	(1)
Cognitive Process Theories	14	(1)
Sociocultural Theories	15	(1)
Developmental Systems Theories	16	(1)
Taking an Eclectic Approach	17	(1)
Developmental Periods	18	(4)
Infancy (Birth--2 Years)	18	(1)
Early Childhood (2--6 Years)	19	(1)
Middle Childhood (6--10 Years)	20	(1)
Early Adolescence (10--14 Years)	21	(1)
Late Adolescence (14--18 Years)	22	(1)
From Theory to Practice	22	(6)
Preparing for Developmentally Appropriate Practice	22	(5)
Strengthening the Commitment	27	(1)
Case Study: Latisha	28	(1)
Summary	29	(1)
Applying Concepts in Child Development	30	(3)
Using Research to Understand Children and Adolescents	33	(29)
Case Study: The After-School Program	32	(2)
Principles of Research	34	(2)
Ethical Protection of Children	35	(1)
The Scientific Method	35	(1)
Research Participants	35	(1)
Analyzing Developmental Research	36	(12)
Data Collection Techniques	36	(6)
Research Designs	42	(4)
Becoming a Thoughtful Consumer of Research	46	(2)
Conducting Research in Schools	48	(10)
Collecting Information on the Job	48	(1)
Observing Children	49	(4)
Listening to Children	53	(1)
Interpreting Assessments	54	(2)
Conducting Action Research	56	(1)
Ethical Guidelines for Teacher-Researchers	57	(1)
Case Study: The Study Skills Class	58	(1)
Summary	59	(1)
Applying Concepts in Child Development	59	(3)
PART II Foundations of Development
Biological Beginnings	62	(34)
Case Study: Expecting Zoe	63	(1)
Genetic Foundations of Child Development	64	(10)
Structure and Operation of Genes	64	(2)
Formation of Reproductive Cells	66	(2)
Genetic Basis of Individual Traits	68	(4)
The Awakening of Genes	72	(1)
The Blending of Heredity and Environment	73	(1)
Acknowledging Nature and Nurture in Children's Lives	74	(1)
Prenatal Development	74	(11)
Phases of Prenatal Growth	75	(3)
Medical Care	78	(5)
Supporting Parents, Protecting Babies	83	(2)
Birth of the Baby	85	(7)
Preparation for Birth	85	(1)
The Birth Process	86	(2)
Complications and Interventions	88	(2)
Enhancing Caregivers' Sensitivity to Newborn Infants	90	(2)
Case Study: Understanding Adam	92	(1)
Summary	93	(1)
Applying Concepts in Child Development	94	(2)
Physical Development	96	(50)
Case Study: The Softball League	97	(1)
Principles of Physical Development	98	(2)
The Brain and Its Development	100	(10)
Structures and Functions	101	(3)
Developmental Changes	104	(4)
Applications of Research on Brain Development	108	(2)
Physical Development During Childhood	110	(9)
Infancy (Birth--Age 2)	111	(1)
Early Childhood (Ages 2--6)	111	(3)
Middle Childhood (Ages 6--10)	114	(1)
Early Adolescence (Ages 10--14)	114	(4)
Late Adolescence (Ages 14--18)	118	(1)
Physical Well-Being	119	(17)
Eating Habits	119	(6)
Physical Activity	125	(3)
Rest and Sleep	128	(3)
Health-Compromising Behaviors	131	(5)
Special Physical Needs	136	(6)
Chronic Illness	139
Serious Injuries and Health Hazards	137	(2)
Physical Disabilities	139	(1)
Promoting Physical Well-Being in All Children	140	(2)
Case Study: Lucy	142	(1)
Summary	142	(1)
Applying Concepts in Child Development	143	(3)
Family, Culture, and Community	146	(44)
Case Study: Cedric and Barbara Jennings	147	(1)
Cradles of Child Development	148	(4)
Family	148	(1)
Culture	149	(1)
Community	149	(3)
Family Structures	152	(7)
Mothers and Fathers	152	(1)
Divorced Parents	153	(1)
Single Parents	154	(1)
Parents and Stepparents	155	(1)
Extended Family	155	(1)
Adoptive Parents	156	(1)
Foster Care	156	(1)
Other Heads of Family	157	(1)
Accommodating Diverse Family Structures	157	(2)
Family Processes	159	(15)
Families' Influences on Children	160	(3)
Children's Influences on Families	163	(3)
Risk Factors in Families	166	(1)
Forming Partnerships with Families	167	(7)
Life in the Community for Children and Families	174	(12)
Ethnicity, Culture, and Gender	174	(8)
Community Resources	182	(2)
Educating Children from Low-Income Families	184	(2)
Case Study: Four-Year-Old Sons	186	(1)
Summary	186	(1)
Applying Concepts in Child Development	187	(3)
PART III Cognitive Development
Cognitive Development: Piaget and Vygotsky	190	(42)
Case Study: Museum Visit	191	(1)
Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development	192	(17)
Key Ideas in Piaget's Theory	193	(3)
Piaget's Stages of Cognitive Development	196	(5)
Current Perspectives on Piaget's Theory	201	(2)
Key Ideas in Neo-Piagetian Theories	203	(2)
Applying the Ideas of Piaget and His Followers	205	(4)
Vygotsky's Theory of Cognitive Development	209	(12)
Key Ideas in Vygotsky's Theory	209	(4)
Current Perspectives on Vygotsky's Theory	213	(5)
Applying the Ideas of Vygotsky and His Followers	218	(3)
Comparing Piagetian and Vygotskian Perspectives	221	(11)
Common Themes	222	(2)
Theoretical Differences	224	(8)
Case Study: Adolescent Scientists	232
Summary	228	(1)
Applying Concepts in Child Development	229	(3)
Cognitive Development: Cognitive Processes	232	(44)
Case Study: How the United States Became a Country	233	(1)
Basic Cognitive Processes	234	(12)
Key Ideas in Information Processing Theory	234	(2)
Sensation and Perception	236	(2)
Attention	238	(1)
Working Memory and the Central Executive	239	(1)
Long-Term Memory	240	(3)
Thinking and Reasoning	243	(1)
Facilitating Basic Cognitive Processes	244	(2)
Metacognition and Cognitive Strategies	246	(14)
Learning Strategies	246	(3)
Problem-Solving Strategies	249	(1)
Strategy Development as ``Overlapping Waves''	250	(1)
Metacognitive Awareness	250	(2)
Self-Regulated Learning	252	(1)
Epistemological Beliefs	253	(2)
Interdependence of Cognitive and Metacognitive Processes	255	(5)
Promoting Metacognitive and Strategic Development	260	(1)
Adding a Sociocultural Element to Information Processing Theory	260	(3)
Intersubjectivity	260	(1)
Social Construction of Memory	261	(1)
Collaborative Use of Cognitive Strategies	262	(1)
Enhancing Information Processing Through Social Interaction	262	(1)
Children's Construction of Theories	263	(2)
Children's Theories of the Physical World	263	(2)
Facilitating Children's Theory Construction	265	(1)
Comparing and Critiquing Contemporary Approaches to Cognitive Development	265	(2)
Exceptionalities in Information Processing	267	(4)
Learning Disabilities	268	(1)
Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder	268	(1)
Autism	269	(1)
Working with Children Who Have Information Processing Difficulties	269	(2)
Case Study: The Library Project	271	(1)
Summary	272	(1)
Applying Concepts in Child Development	273	(3)
Intelligence	276	(38)
Case Study: Gina	277	(1)
Defining Intelligence	277	(1)
Theoretical Perspectives of Intelligence	278	(5)
Spearman's g	278	(1)
Cattell's Fluid and Crystallized Intelligences	279	(1)
Gardner's Multiple Intelligences	279	(2)
Sternberg's Triarchic Theory	281	(1)
Distributed Intelligence	282	(1)
Measuring Intelligence	283	(8)
Tests of General Intelligence	284	(4)
Specific Ability Tests	288	(1)
Dynamic Assessment	288	(1)
Assessing the Abilities of Infants and Young Children	289	(2)
Effects of Heredity and Environment on Intelligence	291	(5)
Evidence for Hereditary Influences	291	(1)
Evidence for Environmental Influences	292	(3)
How Nature and Nurture Interact in Their Influence on Intelligence	295	(1)
Developmental Trends in IQ Scores	296	(2)
Group Differences in Intelligence	298	(3)
Gender Differences	298	(1)
Socioeconomic Differences	299	(1)
Ethnic and Racial Differences	299	(2)
Critique of Current Perspectives on Intelligence	301	(1)
Implications of Theories and Research on Intelligence	302	(2)
Exceptionalities in Intelligence	304	(6)
Giftedness	305	(3)
Mental Retardation	308	(2)
Case Study: Fresh Vegetables	310	(1)
Summary	311	(1)
Applying Concepts in Child Development	312	(2)
Language Development	314	(42)
Case Study: Mario	315	(1)
Theoretical Perspectives of Language Development	316	(7)
Early Theories: Modeling and Reinforcement	316	(1)
Nativism	317	(1)
Information Processing Theory	318	(1)
Sociocultural Theory	319	(1)
Functionalism	320	(1)
Critiquing Theories of Language Development	320	(3)
Trends in Language Development	323	(24)
Semantic Development	323	(5)
Syntactic Development	328	(3)
Development of Listening Skills	331	(4)
Development of Speaking Skills	335	(5)
Development of Pragmatics	340	(4)
Development of Metalinguistic Awareness	344	(3)
Development of a Second Language	347	(2)
The Timing of Second-Language Learning	347	(1)
Bilingualism	347	(1)
Approaches to Teaching a Second Language	348	(1)
Diversity in Language Development	349	(1)
Gender Differences	349	(1)
Socioeconomic Differences	349	(1)
Ethnic Differences	349	(1)
Exceptionalities in Language Development	350	(3)
Speech and Communication Disorders	350	(1)
Sensory Impairments and Language Development	351	(2)
Case Study: Boarding School	353	(1)
Summary	353	(1)
Applying Concepts in Child Development	354	(2)
Development in the Content Domains	356	(46)
Case Study: Phyllis and Benjamin Jones	357	(1)
Reading	358	(10)
Emergent Literacy	358	(1)
Phonological Awareness	359	(1)
Word Recognition	359	(1)
Reading Comprehension	360	(2)
Metacognition in Reading	362	(2)
Diversity in Reading Development	364	(2)
Promoting Reading Development	366	(2)
Writing	368	(6)
Handwriting	370	(1)
Spelling	370	(1)
Syntax and Grammar	370	(1)
Composition Skills	370	(1)
Metacognition in Writing	371	(2)
Diversity in Writing Development	373	(1)
Promoting Writing Development	373	(1)
Mathematics	374	(10)
Number Sense and Counting	374	(1)
Mathematical Concepts and Principles	375	(1)
Basic Arithmetic Operations	375	(3)
More Advanced Problem-Solving Procedures	378	(1)
Metacognition in Mathematics	379	(1)
Diversity in Mathematics Development	379	(3)
Promoting Development in Mathematics	382	(2)
Science	384	(6)
Children's Theories about the Physical and Biological Worlds	384	(1)
Scientific Reasoning Skills	385	(1)
Metacognition in Science	386	(2)
Diversity in Science Development	388	(1)
Promoting Development in Science	388	(2)
Development in Other Content Domains	390	(5)
History	390	(1)
Geography	391	(1)
Art	392	(2)
Music	394	(1)
Using Content Area Standards to Guide Instruction	395	(2)
Case Study: Beating the Odds	397	(1)
Summary	398	(1)
Applying Concepts in Child Development	399	(3)
PART IV Social and Emotional Development
Emotional Development	402	(38)
Case Study: Merv	403	(1)
Erikson's Theory of Psychosocial Development	404	(3)
Lessons Learned from Life's Challenges	404	(2)
Contemporary Perspectives on Erikson's Theory	406	(1)
Attachment	407	(10)
Developmental Course of Children's Attachments	408	(2)
Individual Differences in Children's Attachments	410	(1)
Origins of Attachment Security	411	(2)
Multiple Attachments	413	(1)
Attachment Security and Later Development	414	(1)
Implications of Attachment Research	415	(2)
Emotion	417	(14)
Developmental Changes in Emotions	418	(4)
Group Differences in Emotions	422	(2)
Promoting Children's Emotional Development	424	(2)
Emotional Problems in Children and Adolescents	426	(5)
Temperament and Personality	431	(6)
Elements of Temperament and Personality	431	(4)
Helping Children to Be Themselves	435	(2)
Case Study: The Girly Shirt	437	(1)
Summary	437	(1)
Applying Concepts in Child Development	438	(2)
Development of Self and Social Understanding	440	(46)
Case Study: Kellen	441	(1)
Sense of Self	442	(16)
Effects of Children's Sense of Self	442	(1)
Factors Influencing Sense of Self	443	(1)
General Trends in Children's Sense of Self	444	(3)
Changing Nature of the Self Over Childhood and Adolescence	447	(4)
Diversity in Sense of Self	451	(3)
Enhancing Children's Sense of Self	454	(4)
Social Cognition	458	(8)
Theory of Mind	458	(4)
Social Information Processing	462	(1)
Social-Cognitive Bias and Prejudice	463	(1)
Diversity in Social Cognition	464	(1)
Fostering the Development of Social Cognition	464	(2)
Interpersonal Behaviors	466	(16)
Interpersonal Behaviors at Different Ages	466	(1)
Development of Prosocial Behavior and Aggression	466	(9)
Diversity in Interpersonal Behaviors	475	(7)
Fostering Effective Interpersonal Skills	482	(1)
Case Study: Gang Mediation	482	(1)
Summary	483	(1)
Applying Concepts in Child Development	484	(2)
Development of Motivation and Self-Regulation	486	(44)
Case Study: Derrika	487	(1)
Motivation	487	(21)
Effects of Extrinsic Rewards and Punishments	488	(1)
Development of Intrinsic Motivation	489	(3)
Development of Goals	492	(3)
Development of Attributions	495	(3)
Diversity in Motivation	498	(2)
Motivating Children and Adolescents	500	(8)
Self-Regulation	508	(7)
Developmental Trends in Self-Regulation	508	(1)
Conditions That Foster Self-Regulation	509	(1)
Diversity in Self-Regulation	510	(1)
Promoting Self-Regulation	510	(5)
Moral Reasoning and Behavior	515	(10)
Developmental Trends in Morality	515	(4)
Factors Affecting Moral Development	519	(3)
Diversity in Moral Development	522	(1)
Promoting Moral Development	523	(2)
Case Study: Spencer	525	(1)
Summary	526	(1)
Applying Concepts in Child Development	527	(3)
Peers, Schools, and Society	530
Case Study: Sharing at the Zoo	531	(1)
Peers	532	(17)
Functions of Peer Relationships	532	(1)
Peer Acceptance	533	(1)
Friendships	534	(5)
Social Groups	539	(3)
Romance and Sexuality	542	(7)
Schools	549	(6)
The School as a Community	549	(2)
Socialization in Schools	551	(2)
Transitions to New Schools	553	(2)
Society	555	(11)
Services for Children and Adolescents	555	(6)
Television and the Interactive Technologies	561	(5)
Case Study: Aaron and Cole	566	(1)
Summary	567	(1)
Applying Concepts in Child Development	567
Appendix: Analyses of the Ending Case Studies	1	(1)
Glossary	1	(1)
References	1	(1)
Photo Credits	1	(1)
Name Index	1	(1)
Subject Index	1