Child Welfare Policies and Best Practices

by Mather, Jannah; Lager, Patricia B.; Harris, Norma J.

• ISBN13: 9780495004844
• ISBN10: 0495004847
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2006-08-15
• Publisher: Cengage Learning

Summary

Understand human behavior with HUMAN BEHAVIOR AND THE SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT! Three key tools are provided for theory-by-theory comprehension-models, metaphors and maps-that help you to easily compare and contrast theories as well as understand their relevance to social work practice. Detailed questions, learning activities, and a comprehensive list of references save you time when you study. Metaphors for each theory bring the content to life and make the applications of ideas and concepts specific to social work and social workers.

Table of Contents

PREFACE	xvi
ABOUT THE AUTHORS	xviii
CHAPTER 1 The Evolution of Child Welfare Services	1	(31)
Introduction	1	(1)
Early Influences and Events	2	(1)
Foster Care	3	(1)
Early Child Protection	4	(1)
Child Labor Laws	4	(1)
Juvenile Courts	4	(1)
Early Welfare Programs	5	(1)
Major Legislative Changes	5	(6)
1935: Social Security Act	5	(1)
1962 and 1967: Social Security Amendments	6	(1)
1965: Health Care for Vulnerable Individuals and Families	6	(1)
1974: Child Abuse and Protection Act	6	(1)
1975: Title XX	7	(1)
1978: Indian Child Welfare Act	7	(1)
1980: Adoption Assistance and Child Welfare Act	8	(1)
1984: Multiethnic Placement Act 9 1986: Independent Living	9	(1)
1993: Family Preservation and Support	9	(1)
1996: Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRWORA)	10	(1)
1997: Adoption and Safe Families Act	10	(1)
2003: Adoption Promotion Act	11	(1)
Evolution of Core Child Welfare Programs	11	(8)
Evolution of Child Protective Services (CPS) 11 Foster Care	14	(1)
Reunification	15	(1)
Concurrent Planning	16	(1)
Kinship Care	17	(1)
Adoption	17	(1)
Child Care	18	(1)
Recent Innovations: Family-Centered, Strengths-Based Programs	19	(3)
Family Preservation	19	(1)
Family Group Conferencing	20	(1)
Wraparound	21	(1)
Multiple Issues in Child Welfare Services	22	(3)
Children with Emotional Disturbances	22	(1)
Racial/Ethnic Characteristics of the Child Welfare Population	23	(1)
Substance Abuse and Child Maltreatment	24	(1)
Domestic Violence and Child Maltreatment	25	(1)
Child Welfare Agencies	25	(6)
Internal Environment	26	(1)
Resources	26	(1)
Job Qualifications	27	(1)
Job Performance	27	(1)
Training	27	(1)
Outcome Accountability	28	(1)
Partnerships	28	(1)
Fragmentation and Staffing Issues	29	(2)
Summary	31	(1)
Questions for Discussion	31	(1)
CHAPTER 2 Child Welfare Services: Formal and Informal	32	(19)
Introduction	32	(1)
Current Service Continuum	32	(1)
Child Welfare Service Continuum	33	(2)
HIGHLIGHT 2.1: CHILD WELFARE SERVICE CONTINUUM	33	(2)
Informal Services	35	(1)
Supportive Services	36	(3)
Homemaker Services	36	(1)
TANF and Financial/In-Kind Services	36	(1)
Social Services	37	(1)
Parenting Skills	38	(1)
Supplementary Services	39	(2)
Respite Care	39	(1)
Daycare	39	(2)
Substitute Services	41	(5)
Foster Care	41	(1)
Reunification	42	(1)
Independent Living	43	(1)
Adoption	43	(1)
Residential, Community, and Group Care	44	(2)
Alternative Services and Programs	46	(4)
Strengthening Services and Programs	46	(1)
Holistic Family Foster Care	47	(1)
School-Based Agencies	47	(1)
Mediation Programs	48	(1)
Outdoor Camp Programs	48	(1)
Mutual Aid Groups, Self-Help Training, and Advocacy Groups	48	(1)
Family-Centered Programs	49	(1)
Child Advocacy Programs	49	(1)
Homeless Family Shelters	50	(1)
Summary	50	(1)
Questions for Discussion	50	(1)
CHAPTER 3 Policy and Research in Child Welfare	51	(18)
Introduction	51	(1)
Federal Policy: Child and Family Services Reviews	51	(2)
Research Studies in Child Protective Services	53	(5)
Child Abuse and Neglect: Previous Studies	53	(1)
Recent Studies	54	(1)
National Study of CPS	54	(1)
Evaluation of Policies	55	(1)
Implementation at the Local Level	56	(1)
Innovations and Change Efforts in CPS	57	(1)
The Missouri Model: Results of Alternative Responses	57	(1)
Foster Care	58	(5)
Reunification	59	(1)
Exiting Foster Care	59	(1)
Conclusions about Foster Care	60	(1)
Group/Treatment Foster Care, Residential Group Care, and Residential Treatment Centers	61	(2)
Adoption	63	(3)
Adoption Disruption	64	(1)
Services to Unmarried Parents	65	(1)
Family Support Programs	65	(1)
Summary	66	(3)
Questions for Discussion	68	(1)
CHAPTER 4 Cultural Competency in Child Welfare	69	(20)
Introduction	69	(1)
Power	70	(1)
Empowerment Theory	70	(3)
Cultural Competency	73	(6)
Self-Awareness	73	(1)
Knowledge about Client's Culture	74	(2)
Adapt Practice Interventions to Different Cultures	76	(3)
HIGHLIGHT 4.1: CULTURAL COMPETENCY CASE	78	(1)
Specific Cultural Groups	79	(6)
African American Families	79	(1)
Latino Families	80	(1)
Asian Families	81	(2)
Native American Families	83	(1)
Euro-American Families	84	(1)
Case Examples	85	(3)
HIGHLIGHT 4.2: TEENAGE PREGNANCY	85	(1)
HIGHLIGHT 4.3: CHILD PROTECTION AND DELINQUENCY	86	(1)
HIGHLIGHT 4.4: ADOPTION	86	(1)
HIGHLIGHT 4.5: VIOLENCE IN THE FAMILY	87	(1)
HIGHLIGHT 4.6: CHILD ABUSE	88	(1)
Summary	88	(1)
Questions for Discussion	88	(1)
CHAPTER 5 Neglect	89	(18)
Introduction	90	(1)
Defining Neglect	91	(1)
Etiology: Factors Causing Neglect	92	(2)
Individual and Family Factors	93	(1)
Community and Societal Factors	93	(1)
Practice	94	(12)
Assessment and Process	94	(5)
HIGHLIGHT 5.1: STRENGTHS ASSESSMENT	95	(2)
HIGHLIGHT 5.2: RELATIONSHIP BUILDING WITH SAMUEL'S FAMILY	97	(2)
Planning and Contracting	99	(5)
HIGHLIGHT 5.3: APPLICATION OF THE MIRACLE QUESTION	100	(1)
HIGHLIGHT 5.4: A VERBAL CONTRACT WITH SAMUEL'S FAMILY	101	(1)
HIGHLIGHT 5.5: STEPS IN LEARNING THE PROBLEM-SOLVING PROCESS	102	(1)
HIGHLIGHT 5.6: PROBLEM-SOLVING CHILD CARE IN SAMUEL'S HOME	103	(1)
Monitor Services and Intervention Plan	104	(1)
Evaluate Outcomes and Terminate Services	105	(1)
Follow-Up	106	(1)
Summary	106	(1)
Questions for Discussion	106	(1)
CHAPTER 6 Abuse and Emotional Maltreatment	107	(32)
Introduction	107	(1)
Defining Abuse and Emotional Maltreatment	108	(1)
HIGHLIGHT 6.1: DEFINING ABUSE AND EMOTIONAL MALTREATMENT	108	(1)
Consequences of Maltreatment	109	(1)
Processes and Procedures	110	(2)
Services and Programs	112	(5)
HIGHLIGHT 6.2: FAMILY PRESERVATION FAILURE	115	(2)
HIGHLIGHT 6.3: MAKING A CRITICAL DECISION	117	(1)
Etiology of Abuse and Emotional Maltreatment	117	(4)
Specially Challenged Children	118	(2)
The Alcoholic Family	120	(1)
At-Risk Situations	121	(1)
Practice	121	(17)
Establishing a Relationship	122	(2)
HIGHLIGHT 6.4: PRACTICE METHODS	122	(1)
HIGHLIGHT 6.5: METHODS FOR ENGAGING IN A CHILD WELFARE INTERVENTION	123	(1)
HIGHLIGHT 6.6: INITIAL CONTACT WITH CHILD	124	(1)
HIGHLIGHT 6.7: PHONE CONVERSATION WITH PARENT	124	(1)
Assessment	124	(6)
HIGHLIGHT 6.8: HOME INTERVIEW	125	(1)
HIGHLIGHT 6.9: CHILD-AT-RISK FIELD (CARF)	126	(1)
HIGHLIGHT 6.10: POINTS TO CONSIDER	126	(1)
HIGHLIGHT 6.11: ADDITIONAL ASSESSMENT PRINCIPLES	127	(1)
HIGHLIGHT 6.12: A NONSTRUCTURED INTERVIEW	128	(1)
HIGHLIGHT 6.13: KINETIC ACTION DRAWING	129	(1)
HIGHLIGHT 6.14: ECOMAP	129	(1)
Planning and Contracting	130	(3)
HIGHLIGHT 6.15: WRITTEN ASSESSMENT	131	(1)
HIGHLIGHT 6.16: CASE MANAGEMENT PRACTICE	132	(1)
HIGHLIGHT 6.17: CASE MANAGEMENT PROCESS	132	(1)
HIGHLIGHT 6.18: EXAMPLE OF A CASE MANAGEMENT PROCESS	133	(1)
Implementation of Plan	133	(2)
HIGHLIGHT 6.19: CONTRACT WITH A FAMILY REFERRED FOR CHILD MALTREATMENT	134	(1)
Evaluate Outcomes and Terminate Services	135	(1)
HIGHLIGHT 6.20: ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN	135	(1)
HIGHLIGHT 6.21: EVALUATION MODEL	136	(1)
Follow-Up from a Multisystemic Perspective	136	(2)
HIGHLIGHT 6.22: FOLLOW-UP SITUATION	137	(1)
Summary	138	(1)
Questions for Discussion	138	(1)
CHAPTER 7 Child Sexual Abuse 139 Introduction	139	(31)
Definition of Sexual Abuse	140	(2)
HIGHLIGHT 7.1: DEFINITION OF SEXUAL ABUSE	141	(1)
Incest	141	(1)
Stranger Sexual Abuse	141	(6)
HIGHLIGHT 7.2: SEXUAL ABUSE WITH NO PHYSICAL TOUCHING	142	(1)
HIGHLIGHT 7.3: SEXUAL ABUSE WITH PHYSICAL TOUCHING	142	(1)
Psychosocial Dynamics of Sexual Abuse	142	(2)
HIGHLIGHT 7.4: SITUATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH A HISTORY OF SEXUAL ABUSE	143	(1)
HIGHLIGHT 7.5: FACTORS IN DETERMINING RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CHILD AND PERPETRATOR	144	(1)
Processes and Procedures	144	(2)
Services and Programs	146	(1)
Practice	147	(20)
Assessment and Process	147	(15)
HIGHLIGHT 7.6: GUIDELINES FOR WORKING WITH CHILDREN	149	(1)
HIGHLIGHT 7.7: EXAMPLE OF INITIAL MEETING IN SEXUAL ABUSE CASE	150	(1)
HIGHLIGHT 7.8: EXAMPLE OF TERMINATION OF INITIAL SESSION WITH CHILD IN SEXUAL ABUSE CASE	151	(1)
HIGHLIGHT 7.9: ASSESSMENT DATA FOR SEXUAL ABUSE	152	(1)
HIGHLIGHT 7.10: WHOLE-CHILD ASSESSMENT	153	(2)
HIGHLIGHT 7.11: EXAMPLE OF STORYTELLING	155	(1)
HIGHLIGHT 7.12: EXAMPLE OF USE OF DOLLS	156	(1)
HIGHLIGHT 7.13: STRENGTHS APPROACH	157	(1)
HIGHLIGHT 7.14: CULTURAL STRENGTHS	158	(1)
HIGHLIGHT 7.15: GENOGRAM	158	(1)
HIGHLIGHT 7.16: EXAMPLE OF FAMILY ASSESSMENT QUESTIONS	159	(1)
HIGHLIGHT 7.17: PARENTAL CHARACTERISTICS ASSESSMENT	160	(2)
Planning and Contracting	162	(3)
HIGHLIGHT 7.18: GOAL GUIDELINES	164	(1)
HIGHLIGHT 7.19: CONTRACT NEGOTIATING	165	(1)
Implementation of Plan	165	(5)
HIGHLIGHT 7.20: PINK ELEPHANT	166	(1)
Evaluation of Outcomes and Termination of Services	167	(1)
Follow-Up from a Multisystemic Perspective	168	(1)
Summary	169	(1)
Questions for Discussion	169	(1)
CHAPTER 8 Behavioral and Delinquency Issues	170	(28)
Derrik Tollefson
Introduction	170	(2)
Defining Behavioral and Delinquency Issues	172	(1)
Causes of Behavioral and Delinquency Issues	172	(1)
Processes and Procedures	172	(1)
Services and Programs	173	(3)
Practice	176	(21)
Establishing a Relationship	176	(3)
HIGHLIGHT 8.1: SOCIAL WORKER–PARENT DIALOGUE	179	(1)
Assessment	179	(7)
HIGHLIGHT 8.2: ASSESSMENT INTERVIEW WITH ADOLESCENT CLIENT	181	(5)
Planning and Contracting	186	(2)
HIGHLIGHT 8.3: QUESTIONS FOR CONTRACT NEGOTIATION	187	(1)
Implementation of Plan	188	(6)
Evaluate Outcomes and Terminate Services	194	(2)
Follow-Up from a Multisystemic Perspective	196	(1)
Summary	197	(1)
Questions for Discussion	197	(1)
CHAPTER 9 Divorce and Loss	198	(23)
Introduction	198	(21)
Establishing a Relationship	199	(3)
HIGHLIGHT 9.1: INTERVIEW WITH CHILD	201	(1)
Assessment	202	(7)
HIGHLIGHT 9.2: KUBLER-ROSS MODEL	202	(2)
HIGHLIGHT 9.3: ASSESSMENT INFORMATION	204	(5)
Interventions	209	(8)
HIGHLIGHT 9.4: SUPPORTIVE INTERACTION	215	(1)
HIGHLIGHT 9.5: KUBLER-ROSS MODEL IN INTERVENTION	216	(1)
Evaluate Outcomes and Terminate Services	217	(2)
Summary	219	(2)
Questions for Discussion	220	(1)
CHAPTER 10 Adolescent Sexuality and Pregnancy	221	(26)
Introduction	221	(1)
Defining Concerns in Teenage Pregnancy	222	(1)
Causes of Adolescent Pregnancy	222	(1)
Policies	223	(1)
Processes and Procedures	224	(1)
Services and Programs	225	(1)
A Theoretical Approach to Practice with Adolescents	226	(20)
Establishing a Relationship	226	(3)
HIGHLIGHT 10.1: ESTABLISHING A RELATIONSHIP WITH THE ADOLESCENT	228	(1)
Assessment	229	(7)
HIGHLIGHT 10.2: IDENTIFYING IRRATIONAL BELIEFS	231	(1)
HIGHLIGHT 10.3: IRRATIONAL THOUGHTS OR BELIEFS	231	(5)
Planning and Contracting	236	(3)
HIGHLIGHT 10.4: CONTRACT GOALS AND OBJECTIVES	236	(2)
HIGHLIGHT 10.5: EXAMPLE OF CONTRACT	238	(1)
Implementation of Plan	239	(5)
HIGHLIGHT 10.6: COGNITIVE RESTRUCTURING PROCESS	241	(1)
HIGHLIGHT 10.7: EXAMPLE OF PREVIEWING EXERCISE	242	(2)
Evaluate Outcomes and Terminate Services	244	(1)
Follow-Up from a Multisystemic Perspective	244	(2)
Summary	246	(1)
Questions for Discussion	246	(1)
CHAPTER 11 Permanency Planning and Adoption	247	(18)
Introduction	247	(1)
The Role of the Social Worker	248	(4)
Assessment	249	(1)
Placement of the Child and Implementation of Plan	250	(2)
HIGHLIGHT 11.1: MARGARET'S CASE	251	(1)
HIGHLIGHT 11.2: SERVICE OR CASE PLAN FOR MARGARET	252	(1)
Evaluate Outcomes and Terminate Services	252	(1)
Role of the Court and the Child Welfare Agency	252	(1)
Mental Health Issues	253	(5)
Dealing with Loss and Grief	253	(2)
HIGHLIGHT 11.3: FLOWCHART OF CHILD WELFARE SYSTEM	254	(1)
Attachment and Attachment Disorder	255	(3)
HIGHLIGHT 11.4: KUBLER-ROSS MODEL AND THE PLACEMENT OF MALTREATED CHILDREN	256	(2)
Adoption	258	(5)
Interracial Adoption	260	(1)
Special-Needs Adoption	261	(1)
Adoption Process	261	(2)
Independent Living	263	(1)
Summary	264	(1)
Questions for Discussion	264	(1)
CHAPTER 12 Alternatives and Early Intervention	265	(20)
Introduction	265	(1)
Prevention and Early Intervention Strategies	265	(8)
Home Visitation Programs	267	(2)
Parent Education Programs	269	(3)
Prevention Programs Identified by the Children's Bureau	272	(1)
Effective Intervention Strategies	273	(6)
Shared Family Care	273	(1)
Collaboration	274	(1)
Neighborhood Approach to Child Welfare	275	(1)
Child Welfare and Welfare Agencies	276	(2)
Time Dollars	278	(1)
Privatizing Child Welfare as an Alternative	279	(4)
The Privatization Debate	283	(1)
Summary	284	(1)
Questions for Discussion	284	(1)
CHAPTER 13 Leadership and Change	285	(22)
Adrian B. Popa
Introduction	285	(1)
Leadership	286	(15)
Trends in Leadership Theories	286	(3)
HIGHLIGHT 13.1: TRAITS AND SKILLS DIFFERENTIATING LEADERS FROM NONLEADERS	287	(2)
Transactional and Transformational Leadership Theory	289	(2)
HIGHLIGHT 13.2: SUMMARY OF LEADERSHIP THEORIES	290	(1)
Leadership in Social Work	291	(2)
HIGHLIGHT 13.3: PERSONAL REFLECTION: YOUR 15 MINUTES OF LEADERSHIP	293	(1)
Leadership Challenge in the Child Welfare System	293	(2)
HIGHLIGHT 13.4: OVERVIEW OF THE FOUR-FRAME MODEL	294	(1)
HIGHLIGHT 13.5: EXAMPLE OF THE FOUR-FRAME MODEL	295	(1)
Leadership Challenge in Child Welfare Organizations	295	(1)
Organizational Culture	296	(1)
HIGHLIGHT 13.6: THREE LAYERS OF CULTURE	297	(1)
The Role of Leadership in Developing Culture	297	(4)
HIGHLIGHT 13.7: CULTURE-EMBEDDING MECHANISMS	298	(2)
HIGHLIGHT 13.8: ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE CLASS EXERCISE	300	(1)
Change	301	(4)
Leading Change in Child Welfare Organizations	301	(3)
Energizing Individuals	304	(1)
HIGHLIGHT 13.9: CLASS EXERCISE: ENERGIZING ORGANIZATIONS THROUGH CHANGE	305	(1)
Summary	305	(2)
Questions for Discussion	306	(1)
BIBLIOGRAPHY	307	(18)
INDEX	325