Childhood Encopresis and Enuresis Causes and Therapy

by Schaefer, Charles E.

• ISBN13: 9781568210735
• ISBN10: 1568210736
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 1995-09-01
• Publisher: Jason Aronson, Inc.

Summary

Mastery of bowel and bladder control is a major developmental milestone for children. This mastery represents a significant step towards the establishment of individuation. It signifies the ability to take care of oneself and attend school. Until relatively recently, both enuresis and encopresis were conditions notoriously resistant to therapeutic intervention. Now, however, highly effective intervention techniques have been identified for these disorders and are becoming more widely used. But there is still a need for improved dissemination of knowledge about effective treatments, and for a greater number of qualified professionals to provide treatment for these disorders. The purpose of this book is to provide the reader with a comprehensive overview of the causes, signs and effective treatments for childhood encopresis and enuresis.

Table of Contents

Preface	vii
PART I CHILDHOOD ENCOPRESIS
Introduction	3	(7)
Definitions and Diagnosis	4	(2)
Incidence	6	(1)
Etiology of Psychogenic Encopresis	7	(3)
Bowel Physiology	10	(11)
Digestive System	10	(3)
Types of Constipation	13	(1)
Enemas	14	(3)
Laxatives	17	(1)
Diet	18	(1)
Exercise	19	(1)
Drugs	20	(1)
Toilet Training Practices and Childhood Encopresis-Constipation	21	(11)
How Early?	21	(3)
How Sever?	24	(1)
Toilet-Training Guidelines	25	(4)
Toilet Training Intervention for Encopresis-Constipation	29	(3)
Treatment Approaches for Encopresis	32	(33)
Behavioral Approach	32	(9)
Psychoanalytic Approach	41	(4)
Family Therapy and Counseling Approaches	45	(6)
Comprehensive Approaches	51	(14)
Summary and Conclusions	65	(24)
Technical Eclecticism	65	(1)
Elements of Optimal Treatment	66	(3)
Further Research and Experimentation	69	(20)
Glossary	71	(6)
References	77	(12)
PART II CHILDHOOD ENURESIS
Introduction	89	(14)
Historical Background	89	(1)
Definition	90	(1)
Incidence	91	(1)
Child Reactions	92	(1)
Etiology: Underlying Causes of Bedwetting	93	(6)
Physiology of the Urinary System	99	(4)
Toilet Training Practices and Childhood Enuresis	103	(9)
Effective Bladder Training	104	(8)
Treatment Approaches for Enuresis	112	(29)
Bell and Pad Conditioning Method	112	(11)
Retention Control Training	123	(4)
Drug Treatment	127	(2)
Psychodynamic Approach	129	(1)
Contingency Management	130	(2)
Nightly Awakening	132	(4)
Counseling Approach	136	(3)
Hypnosis	139	(2)
Combined Approaches	141	(1)
Summary and Conclusions	141	(32)
Aspects of Effective Treatment	148	(1)
Further Research and Experimentation	149	(24)
Glossary	151	(4)
References	155	(18)
Index	173