Children With Disabilities

by Batshaw, Mark L.

• ISBN13: 9781557665812
• ISBN10: 1557665818
• Edition: 5th
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2002-08-01
• Publisher: Paul H Brookes Pub Co

Summary

"It is rare to find a book as comprehensive and yet as easy to read as [Children with Disabilities]."

Table of Contents

List of Tables and Figures	xiii
About the Editor	xix
Contributors	xxi
A Personal Note to the Reader	xxvii
Preface	xxix
Acknowledgments	xxxiii
Letters from Andrew Batshaw	xxxiv
I As Life Begins
Chromosomes and Heredity: A Toss of the Dice	3	(24)
Mark L. Batshaw
Genetic Disorders
Chromosomes
Cell Division and Its Disorders
Genes and Their Disorders
Revising Mendelian Genetics
Multifactorial Inheritance
Birth Defects, Prenatal Diagnosis, and Fetal Therapy	27	(16)
Rhonda L. Schonberg
Cynthia J. Tifft
Genetic Assessment
Screening Evaluations During Pregnancy
Invasive Diagnostic Testing
Prevention, Fetal Therapy, and Alternative Reproductive Choices
Psychosocial Implications
Growth Before Birth	43	(12)
James B. Hill
William H.J. Haffner
Fertilization
Embryonic and Fetal Development
Maternal Nutrition
Malformations
Having a Baby: The Birth Process	55	(14)
Shad H. Deering
Andrew J. Satin
Dating a Pregnancy
Deciding When to Deliver the Baby
Perinatal Mortality
Labor
Monitoring Labor
Delivery
Cesarean Section
Abnormal Labor or Dystocia
Pregnancy Complications
Birth Injuries and Defects
The First Weeks of Life	69	(16)
Laura Placke Ward
Susan K. McCune
Changes in Cardiopulmonary Function at Birth
The Apgar Score
Neonatal Morbidity and Mortality
Premature and Small-for-Dates Infants	85	(22)
K. Rais-Bahrami
Billie Lou Short
Mark L. Batshaw
Definitions of Prematurity and Low Birth Weight
Incidence of Preterm Births
Causes of Premature Birth
Complications of Prematurity
Medical and Developmental Care of Low Birth Weight Infants
Survival of Low Birth Weight Infants
Care After Discharge from the Hospital
Early Intervention Programs
Neurodevelopmental Outcome
II The Developing Child
Substance Abuse: A Preventable Threat to Development	107	(16)
Martha J. Wunsch
Charles J. Conlon
Peter C. Scheidt
Chemical Dependency: A Disease
The Family and Substance Abuse
Effects of Psychoactive Substances on the Fetus
Prevention of and Intervention in Substance Abuse During Pregnancy
Intervention Strategies for Infants and Children of Substance-Abusing Mothers
Outcome
HIV Infection in Children	123	(18)
Hans M.L. Spiegel
Andrew M. Bonwit
Epidemiology and Diagnosis of Pediatric HIV Infection
Biology of Pediatric HIV Infection
Clinical Manifestations of Pediatric HIV Infection
Interdisciplinary Care
HIV Services in Resource-Poor Countries
Outcome
Nutrition and Children with Disabilities	141	(24)
Leila T. Beker
Abigail F. Farber
Colleen Comonitski Yanni
Typical Growth During Childhood
The Basics of Nutrition
Nutrients and Their Deficiencies
Nontraditional Diets
Nutritional Disorders
Developmental Disabilities with Nutritional Issues
Nutritional Assessment
Interventions for Nutritional Problems
Nutrition and a Child's Individual Care Plan
Vision: Our Window to the World	165	(28)
Marijean M. Miller
Sheryl J. Menacker
Mark L. Batshaw
Structure of the Eye
Ocular Development
Development of Visual Skills
Function and Diseases of the Eye
Refractive Errors in Children
Vision Tests
Blindness
Hearing: Sounds and Silences	193	(36)
Gilbert R. Herer
Carol A. Knightly
Annie G. Steinberg
Defining Sound
The Hearing System
Embryologic Development of the Hearing Apparatus
Defining Hearing Loss
Identification of Hearing Loss
Treatment of Middle-Ear Disease
Intervention for Hearing Loss
Outcome
Communication: Speech and Language	229	(14)
Sheela Stuart
Components of Communication
Typical Development of Speech and Language
Communication Disorders
Treatment for Communication Disorders
Augmentative and Alternative Communication
The Brain and Nervous System: Normal and Abnormal Development	243	(20)
Robert F. Keating
Caple A. Spence
David Lynch
Development of the Central Nervous System
Development of the Cortical Neuron
The Mature Central Nervous System: Brain and Spinal Cord
The Peripheral Nervous System
Cerebrospinal Fluid and Hydrodynamic Balance
Imaging the Brain
Muscles, Bones, and Nerves: The Body's Framework	263	(24)
Arabella I. Leet
John P. Dormans
Laura L. Tosi
The Musculoskeletal System
Common Diseases of Bones, Muscles, and Joints
The Neuromuscular System
III Developmental Disabilities
Mental Retardation	287	(20)
Mark L. Batshaw
Bruce Shapiro
Early Development
Developmental Delay
Early Identification
Mental Retardation
Outcome
Down Syndrome	307	(14)
Nancy J. Roizen
Chromosomal Abnormalities
Prevalence
Cause
Early Identification
Medical Complications in Down Syndrome
Neurodevelopmental and Behavior Impairments
Evaluation and Treatment
Early Intervention
Outcome
Fragile X Syndrome	321	(12)
Gretchen A. Meyer
Mark L. Batshaw
Prevalence
The Genetics of Fragile X Syndrome
Clinical Findings in Affected Males
Clinical Findings in Affected Females
Origins of Abnormalities
Diagnosing Fragile X Syndrome
Intervention Strategies
Outcome
PKU and Other Inborn Errors of Metabolism	333	(14)
Mark L. Batshaw
Mendel Tuchman
Types of Inborn Errors of Metabolism
Clinical Manifestations
Mechanism of Brain Damage
Associated Disabilities
Diagnostic Testing
Newborn Screening
Therapeutic Approaches
Outcome
Dual Diagnosis: Mental Retardation and Psychiatric Disorders	347	(18)
Mark Reber
The Concept of Dual Diagnosis
A Historical Perspective
Prevalence and Causes of Psychiatric Disorders in Mental Retardation
Psychiatric Diagnoses
Associated Medical Problems
Evaluation
Intervention
Pervasive Developmental Disorders	365	(24)
Kenneth E. Towbin
Joyce E. Mauk
Mark L. Batshaw
Central Characteristics of Pervasive Developmental Disorders
The Pervasive Developmental Disorders
Prevalence
Cause
Early Identification of Autistic Disorder
Distinguishing Pervasive Developmental Disorders from Other Disabilities
Evaluation of the Child with a Pervasive Developmental Disorder
Associated Conditions in Pervasive Developmental Disorders
Treatment Approaches
Living with a Child with a Pervasive Developmental Disorder
Outcome
Attention Deficits and Hyperactivity	389	(28)
Mark A. Stein
Lisa A. Efron
Wendy B. Schiff
Marianne Glanzman
A History of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Diagnosis and ADHD Subtypes
Prevalence and Epidemiology
Causes of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Clinical Course
Associated Impairments
Other Associated Conditions
Evaluation
Treatment
Outcome
Specific Learning Disabilities	417	(26)
Bruce Shapiro
Robin P. Church
M.E.B. Lewis
Defining Specific Learning Disabilities
Prevalence
Subtypes of Specific Learning Disabilities
Specific Reading Disability
Impairments Associated with Specific Learning Disabilities
Health Problems Simulating Specific Learning Disabilities
Assessment Procedures
Intervention Strategies
Other Intervention Issues
Early Identification of Learning Disabilities
Outcome
Cerebral Palsy	443	(24)
Louis Pellegrino
Causes of Cerebral Palsy
Types of Cerebral Palsy
Early Diagnosis of Cerebral Palsy
Associated Impairments in Cerebral Palsy
Habilitation
Preventing Impairment: Managing the Musculoskeletal Complications of Cerebral Palsy
Preventing Disability: Promoting Optimal Function
Outcome
Neural Tube Defects	467	(26)
Gregory S. Liptak
Prevalence of Neural Tube Defects
The Origin of Neural Tube Defects
Prevention of Neural Tube Defects Using Folic Acid Supplementation
Prenatal Diagnosis
Treatment of a Meningomyelocele in the Newborn Period
Primary Neurological Impairments in Children with Meningomyelocele
Associated Impairments and Medical Complications
Educational Programs
Psychosocial Issues for the Child
Interdisciplinary Management
Outcome
Epilepsy	493	(32)
Steven Weinstein
What Is Epilepsy and What Is a Seizure?
Classification of Seizures and Epilepsy Syndromes
Diagnosing Seizure Disorders
Intervention During a Seizure
Antiepileptic Drugs
Other Antiepileptic Therapies
Multidisciplinary Intervention
Outcome
Traumatic Brain Injury	525	(24)
Linda J. Michaud
Jennifer Semel-Concepcion
Ann-Christine Duhaime
Mary F. Lazar
Incidence of Head Injuries
Causes of Traumatic Brain Injury
Types of Brain Injuries
Inflicted Head Injury
Detecting Significant Brain Injury
Severity of Brain Injury
Treatment Approaches
Outcome
Prevention
IV Interventions, Families, and Outcomes
Feeding	549	(18)
Peggy S. Eicher
The Feeding Process
Feeding and the Influence of Medical Conditions
Feeding and the Influence of Tone, Posture, and Development
Feeding Problems in Children with Disabilities
Evaluation
Managing Feeding Problems
Dental Care: Promoting Health and Preventing Disease	567	(12)
George Acs
Man Wai Ng
Mark L. Helpin
Howard M. Rosenberg
Formation and Emergence of Teeth
Problems Affecting the Development of Teeth
Oral Diseases
Malocclusion
Dental Trauma
Prevention of Dental Caries and Periodontal Disease
Providing Dental and Orthodontic Treatment
Dental Care for Children with Developmental Disabilities
Early Intervention	579	(10)
Charles J. Conlon
Legislation and Philosophy of Early Intervention
Identification and Referral
Assessment for Early Intervention Services
Developing an Individualized Family Service Plan
Service Coordination
Provided Services
Transition from Early Intervention to Preschool Services
Efficacy of Early Intervention
Special Education Services	589	(18)
Elissa Batshaw Clair
Robin P. Church
Mark L. Batshaw
History of Special Education Services
Defining Disability from an Educational Perspective
Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act and the Americans with Disabilities Act
Assessment and Evaluation
Reevaluation
The Individualized Education Program
Disciplining Students Receiving Special Education Services
Provision of Special Education Services to Private Schools
Federal Funding
Approaches for Providing Services
Inclusion Practices
Accommodations and Modifications to the General Curriculum
Role of the Special Education Teacher in the General Classroom
Related Services
Promoting Adaptive Behavior While Addressing Challenging Behavior	607	(22)
John M. Parrish
Origin of Behavior
Fundamental Principles and Procedures of Applied Behavior Analysis
Selected Instructional Procedures
Behavioral Diagnosis and Treatment
Positive Behavioral Support
Technological Assistance: Innovations for Independence	629	(18)
Susan E. Levy
Maureen O'Rourke
Definition and Incidence of Medical Technology Assistance
Medical Technology Assistance and Disorders that Require Its Use
Effects of Medical Technology Assistance on the Child and Family
Funding Medical Technology Assistance
Preparing for Home Care
Outcome
Rehabilitation: Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy	647	(12)
Lisa A. Kurtz
Physical and Occupational Therapy Approaches to Intervention
Guidelines for Referral
Assessment and Planning for Intervention
Therapy in Early Intervention Programs
Therapy in the School
Selected Interventions
Outcomes Measurement
Exercise, Sports, and Recreation	659	(10)
Terry Adirim
Kenneth M. Fine
Physical Activity in Children with Disabilities
Inclusion of the Child with Disabilities in Exercise and Sports Programs in Schools
Community Sports Programs
The Pre-Participation Examination
Sport Injuries in the Athlete with Disabilities
Ethical Dilemmas: Evaluation and Decision Making	669	(14)
Tomas Jose Silber
Mark L. Batshaw
The Vocabulary of Ethics
Ethics and the Law
Pediatric Clinical Ethics
Issues of Clinical Ethics Relating to Children with Disabilities
Ethics Consultation and Ethics Committees
Social Justice
Providing Family-Centered Services	683	(10)
Paula J. Beckman
Ecological Influences on Families
The Family Life Cycle
Implications for Service Providers: Family-Centered Services
Future Expectations: Transition from Adolescence to Adulthood	693	(14)
Patience H. White
Vincent Schuyler
Andrea Edelman
Adadot Hayes
Mark L. Batshaw
General Principles of Transition
Moving Toward Independence
Developing Social Competence
Moving Toward Postsecondary Education
Entering the Work Force
Community Living
Adult Health Care Services
Participation in Sports, Leisure, and Community Activities
Issues of Sexuality
Developing a Life Plan
Health Care Delivery Systems and Financing Issues	707	(18)
Angelo P. Giardino
Alan E. Kohrt
Lowell Arye
Nora Wells
Children with Special Health Care Needs
Problems in Arranging Coordination of Care
The Concept of a Medical Home
The Health Care Environment and Financing
Looking Toward the Future
Appendix A Glossary	725	(24)
Mark L. Batshaw
Appendix B Syndromes and Inborn Errors of Metabolism	749	(26)
Cheryl Scacheri
Appendix C Commonly Used Medications	775	(20)
Karl F. Gumpper
Appendix D Resources for Children with Disabilities	795	(22)
Margaret Rose
Index	817