Children : The Early Years

by Decker, Celia Anita

• ISBN13: 9781566379458
• ISBN10: 1566379458
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2002-12-01
• Publisher: Goodheart-Willcox Pub

Summary

Children: The Early Years focuses on how to meet children's developmental needs in each stage of child growth. The text discusses children's physical, intellectual, and social-emotional development from the prenatal stage through the school-age years. It also covers teen parenting, family crisis, balancing family and work roles, careers in child-related fields, observation techniques, and more.-- New end-of-chapter feature called "To Think Critically".-- Updated charts and photographs.-- Updated information on adoption, family planning alternatives, and fertility counseling, as well as more emphasis on abstinence.-- New sections on developmental delays, developmentally appropriate practices, ADHD, and ADD.

Table of Contents

Part 1 Children in Today's World	16	(90)
Chapter 1. Learning About Children	18	(32)
Why Study Children?	20	(5)
To Understand Yourself
To Be a Responsible Parent
To Protect Children's Rights
To Work with Children
What is Child Development?	25	(1)
Individual Life Cycle	26	(1)
Factors That Influence Growth and Development	27	(2)
Heredity
Environment
Heredity and Environment Combined
Brain Development	29	(6)
Occurs Basic Wiring
Heredity and Environment Interact
Windows of Opportunity
Brain Plasticity
Differences in the Rate of Growth and Development	35	(1)
Principles of Growth and Development	36	(3)
Growth and Development Are Constant
Growth and Are Gradual and Continuous
Growth and Happen in Sequenced Steps
Growth and Development Happen at Different Rates
Growth and Development Have Interrelated Parts
Theories of Growth and Development	39	(3)
Havighurst's Theory of Developmental Tasks
Maslow's Theory of Human Needs
Observing Children	42	(8)
Why Observe Children?
Ways to Observe
Guidelines for Observing
Chapter 2 Families Today	50	(32)
Changes Affecting Families Today	51	(31)
Changes in Family Roles	52	(1)
Family Types	53	(11)
Two-Parent Families
Single-Parent Families
Extended Families
Stepfamilies
Families with Adopted Children
Foster Families
The Family Life Cycle	64	(2)
Roles of Parents	66	(4)
Socialization
Nurturance
Guidance and Discipline
Parenting Styles	70	(3)
Authoritarian
Permissive
Democratic
Characteristics of Healthy Families	73	(1)
Cultural Influences on Families	74	(9)
Multicultural Families
Chapter 3 Preparing for Parenting	82	(24)
Why Is It Hard to Be a Good parent?	83	(2)
Learning Parenting Skills
Deciding About Parenthood	85	(4)
Reasons for Choosing Parenthood
Reasons for Not Choosing Parenthood
Factors to Consider	89	(8)
How Children Affect Relationships
Sharing Responsibilities
Managing Finances
Managing Careers
Family Planning	97	(1)
Infertility and Sterility	98	(10)
Overcoming Infertility
Part 2 Prenatal Development and the Newborn	106	(96)
Chapter 4 Pregnancy	108	(20)
Conception	110	(1)
Genetic Factors and the Unborn Baby	111	(4)
Heredity and Steve
Multiple Pregnancy	115	(4)
Fraternal Births
Identical Births
Mixed Types
Stages in Prenatal Development	119	(9)
Germinal Stage
Embryonic Stage
Fetal Stage
Chapter 5 Prenatal Care and Childbirth	128	(44)
Signs of pregnancy	130	(1)
Medical Care	130	(2)
The First Appointment
The Unborn Baby's Environment	132	(1)
Factors That Affect the Baby's Health	133	(3)
Mother's Age
Mother's Physical Health
Rh Factor
Mother's Emotional Health
Health Habits During pregnancy	136	(4)
Nutrition
Weight Gain Hygiene Practices
Rest and Sleep
Physical Activities and Exercise
Health Hazards to Avoid	140	(5)
Diseases or Illnesses in the Mother
Drugs
Radiation Exposure
Environmental Pollution
Complications of Pregnancy	145	(4)
Congenital Problems
Miscarriage
Monitoring the Baby's Development	149	(1)
Ultrasound
Chorionic Villus Sampling
Amniocentesis
The Role of the Family	150	(7)
Family Involvement
Family Decisions Concerning Childbirth
Time to Be born	157	(3)
The Last Weeks of Pregnancy
Stages of Labor
Complications of Delivery	160	(2)
Cesarean Births
Hospital Care	162	(2)
Postpartum Care	164	(8)
Postpartum Mood Disorders
Chapter 6 The Newborn	172	(30)
Medical Care and Testing	174	(2)
Care for Premature Babies
The Apgar Test
The Neonatal Assessment Scales
Other Hospital Care	176	(1)
Physical Traits of a Newborn	177	(4)
Meeting the Newborn's Physical Needs	181	(11)
Feeding
Clothing and Dressing Diapering
Bathing
Sleeping Exercising
Scheduling
Meeting the Newborn's Intellectual Needs	192	(3)
What Brain Research Says About Newborns
What Can Newborns Do?
How Can Parents Help Their Babies Learn?
Meeting the Newborn's Social-Emotional Needs	195	(1)
Alertness of Newborns
Soothing a Fussy Baby
Meeting the Parents' Needs	196	(8)
The Need for Rest
Organize Tasks
Time to Be with Adults
Part 3 Infants	202	(86)
Chapter 7 Physical Development of the Infant	204	(14)
Skeletal Growth	205	(3)
Length and Weight
Body Proportions
Bones and Teeth
Motor Development	208	(7)
Head-to-Foot Development
Center-to-Extremities Development
Differences in Physical Development	215	(3)
Chapter 8 Intellectual Development of the Infant	218	(20)
How Infants Learn	219	(8)
Brain Development Supports Learning
Perception
Cognition
What Infants Learn	227	(3)
Perceptual Concepts
Beginnings of Language: Brain Development Research	230	(8)
How Babies Communicate
Passive Versus Active Vocabulary
Chapter 9 Social-Emotional Development of the Infant	238	(16)
Temperamental Differences in Infants	239	(1)
The Infant's Growing Social World	240	(5)
Interacting with Others
Learning to Trust
Showing Attachment
Infants Express Emotions	245	(9)
Love
Fear
Anxiety
Anger
Chapter 10 Providing for Infant's Developmental Needs	254	(34)
Physical Needs	255	(17)
Feeding
Clothing
Diapering a Baby
Tub Bathing
Establishing Routines
Rest and Sleep
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome
Places for Sleep and Play
Intellectual Needs	272	(7)
Activities to Stimulate the Senses
Problem-Solving Activities
Motor Activities
Language Activities
Social-Emotional Needs	279	(3)
Baby-Adult Interaction
Helping Babies Develop Self-Awareness
Handling Special Problems
Recognizing Developmental Delays	282	(6)
Part 4 Toddlers	288	(84)
Chapter 11 Physical Development of the Toddler	290	(14)
Body Growth and Development	291	(4)
Height and Weight
Other Body Changes
Motor Development	295	(9)
Large-Muscle Development
Small-Muscle Development
Chapter 12 Intellectual Development of the Toddler	304	(14)
How and What Toddlers Learn	305	(5)
Discovering New Ways to Solve Problems
Beginning of Thought
Language Abilities	310	(8)
Learning Spoken Language
Different Rates of Learning to Talk
Chapter 13 Social-Emotional Development of the Toddler	318	(14)
Self-Awareness	319	(6)
Achieving Autonomy
Extending Social Relations
Emotions	325	(7)
Affection
Fear
Anxiety
Anger
Chapter 14 Providing for the Toddler's Development Needs	332	(40)
Physical Needs	333	(18)
Feeding
Clothing
Rest and Sleep
Hygiene
Toilet Learning
Indoor and Outdoor Spaces
Intellectual Needs	351	(8)
Learning Through Activities
Learning Through Play
Sensory Stimulation Activities
Problem-Solving Activities
Motor Activities
Language Activities
Social-Emotional Needs	359	(7)
Discipline
Guidance: Helping Toddlers Control Their Emotions
Planning Self-Awareness Activities
Recognizing Developmental Delays	366	(6)
Part 5 Preschoolers and School-Age Children	372	(126)
Chapter 15 Physical Development Preschooler	374	(124)
Body Growth and Development	375	(2)
Height and Weight
Other Body Changes
Motor Development	377	(1)
Gross-Motor Development
Fine-Motor Development
Chapter 16 Intellectual Development	377	(27)
How Preschool Children Learn	387	(6)
Obstacles to Logical Thinking
New Abilities Emerge
What Preschool Children Learn	393	(4)
Concepts Children Learn
Language Abilities Increase	397	(7)
Articulation of Preschool Children
Vocabulary of Preschool Children
Grammar of Preschool Children
Chapter 17 Social-Emotional Development of the Preschooler	404	(11)
Developing Social Awareness	405	(6)
Taking the Initiative
Showing Responsibility
Learning Gender Roles
Extending Social Relations
Feeling and Controlling Emotions	411	(4)
Dependency
Fear and Anxiety
Anger and Aggression
Jealousy
Chapter 18 Providing for the Preschooler's Development Needs	415	(41)
Physical Needs	419	(12)
Meeting Nutritional Needs
Selecting the Right Clothes
Handling Sleep and Toileting Problems
Providing Needed Space and Furnishings
Learning Responsibility
Intellectual Needs	431	(12)
Learning Through Observing
Learning Through Problem Solving
Learning Through Symbolizing
Learning Through Motor Skills
Learning Through Language
Computers and Learning
Social-Emotional Needs	443	(9)
Discipline: Helping with Initiative and Mistakes
Sharing Responsibility
Aiding Gender Role Learning
Providing Time for Friendships
Helping Children with Emotional Control
Recognizing Development Delays	452	(4)
Chapter 19 School-Age Children	456	(44)
Physical Development of School-Age Children	458	(4)
Body Growth and Development
Motor Development
Providing for School-Age Children's physical Needs	462	(5)
Encouraging Health and Safety Practices
Selecting the Right Clothing
Providing Needed Space and Furnishings
Intellectual Development of School-Age Children	467	(9)
How School-Age Children Think
What School-Age Children Learn Language Is Mastered
Helping School-Age Children Meet their Intellectual Needs	476	(4)
Guiding Intellectual Development
Social-Emotional Development of School-Age Children	480	(6)
Self-Concept
Showing Social Awareness
Controlling Emotions
Helping School-Age Children with Their Social-Emotional Needs	486	(7)
Guiding and Modeling Behavior
Enjoying Family Ties
Providing Time for Friendships
Helping Children Control Their Emotions
Helping Children Improve Their Self-Esteem
Recognizing Developmental Delays	493	(5)
Part 6 Guiding and Caring for Children	498	(226)
Chapter 20 Teaching Through Play	500	(32)
Children and Their World of Play	501	(12)
Importance of Play
Stages of Play
Types of Play
Adult Role in Children's Play
Providing Enrichment Activities for Children	513	(19)
Art
Music
Science
Books
Chapter 21 Protecting Children's Health and Safety	532	(50)
Protecting Children from Disease and Illness	533	(11)
Nutrition, Rest, Cleanliness, and Physical Activity
Medical and Dental Care
Immunization
Medical Attention During illness
Childhood Diseases and Allergies
Accident Prevention	544	(28)
How Do Accidents Happen?
Anticipating Possible Hazards
Helping Children Meet Goals in a Safe Way
Childproofing the Environment
Safety Devices and Safety Measures
Safety Lessons
Preparing a Child for Routine and Hospital Care	572	(4)
Preparing Children for Routine Care
Preparing Children for Hospital Care
Caring for an Ill or Injured Child	576	(2)
Giving Medication and Proper Care
Caring for a Terminally Ill Child	578	(4)
Helping the Ill Child Cope
Helping the Family Cope
Chapter 22 Child Care and Education in Group Settings	582	(36)
Types of Group programs	583	(14)
Child Care Programs
Kindergartens
Nursery Schools
Montessori Schools
Head Start
Choosing a Group program	597	(13)
Regulations
Housing and Equipment
Staff
Program Activities
Other Considerations
Quality of Group Programs
Effects of Group Care on Children	610	(2)
Effects on Health
Effects on Mental Development
Effects on Social Development
Helping Children Adjust to Group Care	612	(6)
Chapter 23 Children with Special Needs	618	(20)
Children Are More Alike Than Different	620	(1)
Children With Special Needs	621	(11)
Children Who Are Gifted and Talented
Children with Physical Disabilities
Speech Disorders Children with Mental Disabilities
Learning Disabilities
Behavioral Disorders
Help for Children with Special Needs	632	(6)
How Many Children Have Special Needs?
What Kinds of Help Are Needed?
Chapter 24 Concerns of Children and Families	638	(48)
Sibling Relationships	639	(7)
Sibling Interactions
Birth Order and Development
Children of Multiple Births
Parental Employment	646	(6)
Effects on Children
Effects on Parents
Balancing Family and Work
Children in Self-Care
Coping with Family Moves	652	(2)
Coping with Death	654	(2)
Helping Children Cope with Grief
Coping with Divorce	656	(4)
Causes of Divorce
Effects of Divorce
Coping with the Effects
Single parenting	660	(2)
Problems Single Parents Face
Remarriage and Stepparenting	662	(1)
Preparing for Family Changes
Teens as parents	663	(7)
Health Risks for the Teen Mother and Her Baby
Financial Concerns Lifestyle
Changes Why Wait?
Child Neglect and Abuse	670	(11)
What Are Child Neglect and Abuse?
What Happens to the Victims?
How Can Neglect and Abuse Be Prevented?
Resources for Children in Crises	681	(5)
Chapter 25 Making Career Decisions	686	(38)
Heading Toward a Career	688	(6)
Identifying Your Interests, Aptitudes, and Abilities
Learning About Careers
Develop a Career plan	694	(5)
Short-Term Goals
Long-Term Goals
Job Search Skills
Careers in Child-Related Fields	699	(12)
Types of Careers
Personal Qualifications for a Child-Related Career
Professional Qualifications for a Child-Related Career
Skills for Job Success	711	(13)
Human Relations Skills Communication Skills
Being a Team Player
Leadership Skills
Managing Multiple Roles
Leaving a Job in the Right Way
Glossary	724	(14)
Photo Credits	738	(1)
Appendix Indoor Dangers	739	(7)
Index	746