Chinese Society in the Age of Confucius 1000-250bc

by Von Falkenhausen, Lothar

• ISBN13: 9781931745307
• ISBN10: 1931745307
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2006-11-30
• Publisher: Cotsen Inst of Archaeology

Summary

Chinese Society in the Age of Confucius is based on the most up-to-date archaeological discoveries. It introduces new data, as well as new ways to think about them--modes of analysis that, while familiar to archaeological practitioners in the West and in Japan, are herein applied to evidence from the Chinese Bronze Age for the first time. The treatment of social stratification, clan and lineage organization, as well as gender and ethnic differences will be of interest to those involved in the general or comparative analysis of grand themes in the Social Sciences.

Table of Contents

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS	x
PREFACE	xx
INTRODUCTION	1
Historical Background
Archaeology and Texts
The Archaeological Evidence
Approach
Preview
PART I: NEW STANDARDS OF RANKING AND THEIR APPLICATION
INTRODUCTION	28
CHAPTER ONE: THE REORGANIZATION OF THE ELITE IN LATE WESTERN ZHOU (CA. 850 BC)	29
The Plain of Zhou and Hoard 1 at Zhuangbai
The Stylistic Sequence
Indicators for the Ritual Reform
Using Bronze Inscriptions as Historical Evidence
Wei Genealogy and the Date of the Ritual Reform
Western Zhou Lineage Organization
The Social Position of the Wei Lineage
CHAPTER TWO: DISTINCTIONS OF RANK AND GENDER WITHIN TERRITORIAL RULING LINEAGES (CA. 1000-650 BC)	74
Mortuary Data and Their Limitations
The Three Cemeteries; Issues of Dating
Tomb and Cemetery Arrangements
Sumptuary Analysis
Gender Differentiation
CHAPTER THREE: A NORTH CHINESE COMMUNITY (CA. 800-450 BC): DEMOGRAPHY AND RANKING	127
Shangma and Its Surroundings
Demographic Developments
Indicators of Social Stratification
Tomb Furniture
Funerary Goods
Rank Inheritance and the Assignment of Status Indicators
Gender Differentiation
Comparisons
Intermezzo
PART II: INTERNAL COALESCENCE AND OUTWARD DELIMITATION
INTRODUCTION	164
CHAPTER FOUR: CLAN DIFFERENCES WITHIN THE ZHOU CULTURE SPHERE (CA. 1050-500 BC)	169
Luoyang and Qufu
"Shang" and "Zhou" Tombs at Luoyang
"Shang" and "Zhou" Remains at Qufu
Waist-pits
Ceramic li Typology
Assessment
Coda: A "Proto-Zhou" Case
CHAPTER FIVE: ETHNIC CONTRASTS WITHIN THE ZHOU CULTURE SPHERE (CA. 1050-350 BC)	204
"Aliens" at the Zhou and Jin Capitals During Western Zhou
Eastern Zhou-Period Qin Tombs
Tomb 2 at Yimencun
"Alien" Elements in Eastern Zhou-Period Qin Tombs
The Ethnic Identity of Qin: A View from Maojiaping
Assessment
CHAPTER SIX: AN EXPANDING SOCIETY (CA. 1050-250 BC)	244
Early Trends
The Amalgamation of the "Eastern Barbarians"
The Kingdom of Zhongshan
The Yangzi River Basin
The Lower Yangzi Region during Eastern Zhou times
Expansion through Settlement
Assessment
PART III: CHANGES AND REDEFINITIONS
INTRODUCTION	290
CHAPTER SEVEN: THE EASTERN ZHOU RELIGIOUS TRANSFORMATION (CA. 600-221 BC)	293
Changes in the Focus of Ritual
Shifts in the Relation of Temple and Tomb
Mingqi
Tombs as Replicas of Domestic and Social Surroundings
Tombs as Microcosms
Underlying Religious Concepts
CHAPTER EIGHT: THE SEPARATION OF THE HIGHER AND LOWER ÉLITES (CA. 750-221 BC)	326
Eastern Zhou Rulers' Tombs and Tomb Complexes
Dual Bronze Assemblages at Xiasi
Other Instances of the "Special Assemblage"
Increasing Gender Differences
Sacrificial Pits at Xinzheng
Interpretation
CHAPTER NINE: THE MERGING OF THE LOWER ÉLITE WITH THE COMMONER CLASSES (CA. 600-221 BC)	370
Eastern Zhou Chu Cemeteries
Springs and Autumns-Period Chu Tomb Ranks
Warring States-Period Developments
Social Interpretation
Correlation with Textual Data
Assessment
Intermezzo
CONCLUSION	401
Demographic Growth and Population Movements
Territorial Control and Expansion
Agriculturalists
The Military
Merchants and Entrepreneurs
Artisans, Professionals, and Others
A Call to Action
REFERENCES FOR TABLES 19-30	421
BIBLIOGRAPHY	426
LIST OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES	508
GENERAL INDEX AND GLOSSARY	517