The Christian Theology Reader

by McGrath, Alister E.

• ISBN13: 9780631206378
• ISBN10: 063120637X
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2001-01-01
• Publisher: John Wiley & Sons Inc

Summary

The new edition of this widely used collection of readings builds on the success of the first edition of The Christian Theology Reader. It now includes more than 300 seminal readings from the entire Christian tradition, using important sources from the patristic, medieval, Reformation, and modern periods. Each reading has been selected on the basis of audience surveys and includes a detailed individual introduction, comments, and questions.The supporting material for every reading has been classroom tested, making this Reader highly accessible for those new to the subject. Full details of the sources of the readings are provided, and all texts are cross-referenced for ease of use. It includes a wide-range of theological and denominational interests, and topical indexes allow easy access to themes throughout Christian history. This new edition also contains an updated glossary of theological terms and details of Internet holdings of theological texts for further study.Used alone or in conjunction with the author's bestselling textbook, Christian Theology: An Introduction, the second edition of this Reader is the essential guide to the key sources and texts available in the field. Both the author and publisher are committed to keeping these books available and regularly updated in the light of user comments and evaluations.More details on the second edition of The Christian Theology Reader can be found on the following website:http://www.blackwellpublishers.co.uk/mcgrath

Table of Contents

Mission Statement	xv
Preface	xvi
Approaching the Readings	xx
To the Student: How to Use this Work	xxii
To the Teacher: How to Use this Book	xxv
Acknowledgments	xxvii
Editor's Note	xxxi
Getting Started: Preliminaries	1	(69)
Justin Martyr on Philosophy and Theology	4	(1)
Clement of Alexandria on Philosophy and Theology	5	(2)
Tertullian on the Relation of Philosophy and Heresy	7	(2)
Augustine on Philosophy and Theology	9	(1)
The Nicene Creed	10	(2)
The Apostles' Creed	12	(2)
Anselm of Canterbury's Proof for the Existence of God	14	(1)
Gaunilo's Reply to Anselm's Argument	15	(2)
Thomas Aquinas on Proofs for the Existence of God	17	(4)
Thomas Aquinas on the Principle of Analogy	21	(3)
Martin Luther on the Theology of the Cross	24	(2)
John Calvin on the Nature of Faith	26	(1)
The Heidelberg Catechism on Images of God	27	(1)
John Locke on the Formation of the Concept of God	28	(2)
Rene Descartes on the Existence of God	30	(2)
Blaise Pascal on Proofs for the Existence of God	32	(1)
Blaise Pascal on the Hiddenness of God	33	(2)
Immanuel Kant on Anselm's Ontological Argument	35	(1)
Vatican I on Faith and Reason	36	(3)
John Henry Newman on the Grounds of Faith	39	(1)
Adolf von Harnack on the Origins of Dogma	40	(4)
Karl Barth on the Nature and Task of Theology	44	(2)
Ludwig Wittgenstein on Analogy	46	(2)
Ludwig Wittgenstein on Proofs for the Existence of God	48	(2)
Dietrich Bonhoeffer on God in a Secular World	50	(2)
Paul Tillich on the Method of Correlation	52	(5)
Sallie McFague on Metaphor in Theology	57	(3)
Gustavo Gutierrez on Theology as Critical Reflection	60	(4)
Brian A. Gerrish on Accommodation in Calvin's Theology	64	(2)
George Lindbeck on Postliberal Approaches to Doctrine	66	(4)
The Sources of Theology	70	(100)
The Muratorian Fragment on the New Testament Canon	73	(2)
Irenaeus on the Role of Tradition	75	(1)
Hippolytus on Typological Interpretation of Scripture	76	(1)
Clement of Alexandria on the Fourfold Interpretation of Scripture	77	(1)
Tertullian on Tradition and Apostolic Succession	78	(2)
Origen on the Three Ways of Reading Scripture	80	(1)
Cyril of Jerusalem on the Role of Creeds	81	(1)
Augustine on the Literal and Allegorical Senses of Scripture	82	(2)
Jerome on the Role of Scripture	84	(2)
Vincent of Lerins on the Role of Tradition	86	(1)
Bernard of Clairvaux on the Allegorical Sense of Scripture	87	(1)
Stephen Langton on the Moral Sense of Scripture	88	(2)
Ludolf of Saxony on Reading Scripture Imaginatively	90	(2)
Jacques Lefevre d'Etaples on the Senses of Scripture	92	(2)
Martin Luther on the Fourfold Sense of Scripture	94	(2)
Martin Luther on Revelation in Christ	96	(2)
John Calvin on the Natural Knowledge of God	98	(1)
John Calvin on the Relation between Old and New Covenants	99	(1)
The Council of Trent on Scripture and Tradition	100	(2)
The Gallic Confession on the Canon of Scripture	102	(2)
The Belgic Confession on the Book of Nature	104	(1)
The Formula of Concord on Scripture and the Theologians	105	(1)
King James I on the Relation of Old and New Testaments	106	(2)
The King James Translators on Biblical Translation	108	(2)
Sir Thomas Browne on the Two Books of Revelation	110	(2)
Philip Jakob Spener on Scripture and the Christian Life	112	(2)
Nikolaus Ludwig von Zinzendorf on Reason and Experience	114	(2)
Jonathan Edwards on the Beauty of Creation	116	(1)
William Paley on the Wisdom of the Creation	117	(4)
Johann Adam Mohler on Living Tradition	121	(3)
John Henry Newman on the Role of Tradition	124	(3)
Archibald Alexander Hodge on the Inspiration of Scripture	127	(3)
Charles Gore on the Relation of Dogma to the New Testament	130	(2)
James Orr on the Centrality of Revelation to the Christian Faith	132	(3)
Wilhelm Herrmann on the Nature of Revelation	135	(3)
Karl Barth on Revelation as God's Self-Disclosure	138	(3)
Emil Brunner on the Personal Nature of Revelation	141	(1)
Rudolf Bultmann on Demythologization and Biblical Interpretation	142	(3)
Karl Rahner on the Authority of Scripture	145	(4)
Phyllis Trible on Feminist Biblical Interpretation	149	(5)
Donald G. Bloesch on Christological Approaches to Biblical Hermeneutics	154	(4)
John Meyendorff on Living Tradition	158	(2)
James I. Packer on the Nature of Revelation	160	(2)
Thomas F. Torrance on Karl Barth's Criticism of Natural Theology	162	(4)
The Catechism of the Catholic Church on Scripture and Tradition	166	(4)
The Doctrine of God	170	(76)
Athenagoras of Athens on the Christian God	172	(1)
Irenaeus on the Origin of Evil	173	(1)
Irenaeus on the Trinity	174	(1)
Tertullian on Creation from Pre-Existent Matter	175	(2)
Origen on Creation from Pre-Existent Matter	177	(2)
Origen on the Relation of God and Evil	179	(1)
Origen on the Suffering of God	180	(1)
Origien on the Changelessness of God	181	(1)
Basil of Caesarea on the Work of the Holy Spirit	182	(2)
Gregory of Nazianzus on the Gradual Revelation of the Trinity	184	(1)
Hilary of Poitiers on the Trinity	185	(2)
Augustine on the Trinity	187	(5)
Augustine on the Relation of God and Evil	192	(1)
Augustine on the Holy Spirit	193	(4)
Epiphanius of Constantia on Sabellianism	197	(1)
Cyril of Alexandria on the Role of the Holy Spirit	198	(1)
Fulgentius of Ruspe on the Holy Spirit and Eucharist	199	(1)
The Eleventh Council of Toledo on the Trinity	200	(2)
Anselm of Canterbury on the Compassion of God	202	(1)
Richard of St Victor on Love within the Trinity	203	(2)
Alexander of Hales on the Suffering of God in Christ	205	(1)
Thomas Aquinas on Divine Omnipotence	206	(1)
Julian of Norwich on God as our Mother	207	(2)
William of Ockham on the Two Powers of God	209	(1)
Thomas a Kempis on the Limits of Trinitarian Speculation	210	(2)
John Owen on the Sovereignty of God	212	(1)
Benedict Spinoza on the Impassibility of God	213	(1)
F. D. E. Schleiermacher on the Trinity	214	(2)
Karl Barth on the ``Otherness'' of God	216	(2)
Jurgen Moltmann on the Suffering of God	218	(4)
Richard Swinburne on the Concept of Creation	222	(4)
Leonardo Boff on the Trinity as Good News for the Poor	226	(2)
Robert Jenson on the Trinity	228	(3)
Hans Kung on the Immutability of God	231	(4)
Eberhard Jungel on the Crucified God	235	(1)
Jacques Ellul on the Theology of Icons	236	(3)
Paul Jewett on Non-Inclusive Language and the Trinity	239	(3)
Anne Carr on Feminism and the Maleness of God	242	(4)
The Person of Christ	246	(80)
Ignatius of Antioch on Docetism	248	(1)
Irenaeus of Lyons on Gnosticism in Christology	249	(1)
Tertullian on Patripassianism	250	(1)
Tertullian on the Incarnation	251	(2)
Origen on the Two Natures of Christ	253	(1)
Arius on the Status of Christ	254	(2)
Athanasius on the Two Natures of Christ	256	(1)
Apollinarius of Laodicea on the Person of Christ	257	(1)
Gregory of Nazianzus on Apollinarianism	258	(2)
Nestorius on the Term ``Theotokos''	260	(1)
Cyril of Alexandria on Nestorius' Christology	261	(2)
Cyril of Alexandria on the Incarnation	263	(2)
Cyril of Alexandria on Mary as the Mother of God	265	(2)
Leo the Great on the Two Natures	267	(2)
The Chalcedonian Definition of the Christian Faith (451)	269	(2)
The Emperor Zeno on the Natures of Christ	271	(2)
The Monophysites on the Natures of Christ	273	(1)
John of Damascus on the Incarnation and Icons	274	(2)
Gregory Palamas on the Divine Condescension in the Incarnation	276	(1)
William Dunbar on the Incarnation	277	(3)
Martin Luther's Critique of Nestorianism	280	(2)
Francois Turrettini on the Threefold Office of Christ	282	(2)
Gotthold Ephraim Lessing on the Ditch of History	284	(2)
F. D. E. Schleiermacher on the ``Natural Heresies'' of Christianity	286	(3)
A. B. Ritschl on the Uniqueness of Jesus Christ	289	(3)
Martin Kahler on the Historical Jesus	292	(3)
George Tyrrell on the Christ of Liberal Protestantism	295	(3)
Albert Schweitzer on the Failure of the ``Quest of the Historical Jesus''	298	(4)
Peter Taylor Forsyth on the Person of Christ	302	(1)
Ernst Troeltsch on Faith and History	303	(5)
Dorothy L. Sayers on Christology and Dogma	308	(2)
Paul Tillich on the Dispensability of the Historical Jesus	310	(2)
Wolfhart Pannenberg on the Indispensability of the Historical Jesus	312	(3)
Thomas F. Torrance on the Incarnation and Soteriology	315	(3)
Daphne Hampson on the Possibility of a Feminist Christology	318	(3)
N. T. Wright on History and Christology	321	(5)
Salvation in Christ	326	(56)
Irenaeus on the ``Ransom'' Theory of the Atonement	328	(1)
Irenaeus on ``Recapitulation'' in Christ	329	(1)
Clement of Alexandria on Christ's Death as an Example of Love	330	(1)
Athanasius on the Death of Christ	331	(1)
Athanasius on the Relation of Christology and Soteriology	332	(1)
Pseudo-Hippolytus on the Cosmic Dimensions of the Cross	333	(1)
Rufinus of Aquileia on the ``Mousetrap'' Theory of the Atonement	334	(1)
An Ancient Liturgy on Christ's Descent into Hell	335	(1)
Theodoret of Cyrrhus on the Death of Christ	336	(2)
Augustine on Redemption in Christ	338	(1)
Simeon the New Theologian on Salvation as Deification	339	(1)
Anselm of Canterbury on the Atonement	340	(2)
Peter Abelard on the Love of Christ in Redemption	342	(2)
Hugh of St Victor on the Death of Christ	344	(1)
Thomas Aquinas on the Satisfaction of Christ	345	(2)
Nicholas Cabasilas on the Death of Christ	347	(1)
John Calvin on the Grounds of Redemption	348	(1)
The Socinian Critique of the Idea of Satisfaction	349	(3)
John Donne on the Work of Christ	352	(1)
George Herbert on the Death of Christ and Redemption	353	(1)
Charles Wesley on Salvation in Christ	354	(2)
F. D. E. Schleiermacher on Christ as a Charismatic Leader	356	(3)
F. D. E. Schleiermacher on Christology and Soteriology	359	(2)
Charles Gore on the Relation of Christology and Soteriology	361	(1)
Hastings Rashdall on Christ as a Moral Example	362	(2)
James Denney on Atonement and Incarnation	364	(3)
Gustaf Aulen on the Classic Theory of the Atonement	367	(4)
Vladimir Lossky on Redemption as Deification	371	(1)
Wolfhart Pannenberg on Soteriological Approaches to Christology	372	(2)
James I. Packer on Penal Substitution	374	(4)
Colin E. Gunton on the Language of Atonement	378	(4)
Human Nature, Sin, and Grace	382	(78)
Irenaeus on Human Progress	385	(1)
Tertullian on the Origin of Sin	386	(1)
Tertullian on Inherited Guilt	387	(1)
Tertullian on the Image of God	388	(1)
Origen on the Image of God	389	(1)
Origen on Inherited Sin	390	(1)
Lactantius on Political Aspects of the Image of God	391	(1)
Ambrose on the Unmerited Character of Salvation	392	(1)
Ambrosiaster on Original Sin	393	(1)
Gregory of Nyssa on Human Longing for God	394	(1)
Augustine on the Divine Election	395	(2)
Augustine on the Nature of Predestination	397	(1)
Augustine on Fallen Human Nature	398	(1)
Augustine on Human Freedom	399	(1)
Augustine on Irresistible Grace and Perseverance	400	(2)
Pelagius on Human Responsibility	402	(1)
Pelagius on Human Freedom	403	(1)
Pelagius' Rejection of Original Sin	404	(1)
The Council of Carthage on Grace	405	(1)
The Synod of Arles on Pelagianism	406	(2)
The Second Council of Orange on Grace and Freedom	408	(2)
John Scotus Eriugena on the Nature of Paradise	410	(1)
Hildegard of Bingen on the Creation of Man and Woman	411	(1)
Alan of Lille on Penitence as a Cause of Grace	412	(1)
Francis of Assisi on the Creation	413	(2)
Thomas Aquinas on the Nature of Grace	415	(1)
Gregory of Rimini on Predestination	416	(1)
Gabriel Biel on Merit and Justification	417	(1)
Martin Luther's Discovery of the ``Righteousness of God''	418	(2)
Martin Luther on Justifying Faith	420	(2)
Martin Luther on Sin and Grace	422	(1)
Philip Melanchthon on Justification by Faith	423	(2)
John Calvin on Predestination	425	(2)
John Calvin on Faith and the Promises of God	427	(1)
John Calvin on the Concept of Justification	428	(1)
The Council of Trent on Justification	429	(2)
Theodore Beza on the Causes of Predestination	431	(1)
James Ussher on the Grounds of Assurance	432	(1)
The Westminster Confession on Predestination	433	(1)
Nikolaus Ludwig von Zinzendorf on Saving Faith	434	(3)
Friedrich Christoph Oetinger on Conversion	437	(1)
Jonathan Edwards on Original Sin	438	(2)
John Wesley on Justification	440	(2)
Emil Brunner on the Image of God	442	(4)
Karl Barth on Election in Christ	446	(2)
Emil Brunner on Barth's Doctrine of Election	448	(2)
Reinhold Niebuhr on Original Sin	450	(2)
Daphne Hampson on Feminist Approaches to Sin	452	(4)
Mary Hayter on Human Sexuality and the Image of God	456	(4)
The Church	460	(54)
Irenaeus on the Function of the Church	461	(1)
Origen on the Church and Salvation	462	(1)
Cyprian of Carthage on the Unity of the Church	463	(2)
Cyril of Jerusalem on the Catholicity of the Church	465	(1)
Petilian of Cirta on the Purity of Ministers	466	(1)
Augustine on the Mixed Nature of the Church	467	(2)
Leo the Great on Ministry within the Church	469	(1)
Innocent III on the Church and State	470	(1)
Thomas Aquinas on the Catholicity of the Church	471	(1)
Boniface VIII on Papal Primacy: Unam Sanctam	472	(2)
Jan Hus on the Church	474	(1)
Martin Luther on the Marks of the Church	475	(2)
Martin Luther on Priests and Laity	477	(2)
Philip Melanchthon on the Nature of Catholicity	479	(1)
Sebastian Franck on the True Church	480	(1)
The First Helvetic Confession on the Nature of the Church	481	(1)
John Calvin on the Marks of the Church	482	(2)
Richard Hooker on the Purity of the Church	484	(1)
The Westminster Confession on the Church	485	(2)
John Owen on the Nature of a Gospel Church	487	(3)
F. D. E. Schleiermacher on the Church as a Fellowship of Believers	490	(3)
Vatican I on Papal Primacy in the Church	493	(2)
Henry Barclay Swete on the Apostolicity of the Church	495	(3)
The Barmen Confession on the Identity of the Church	498	(2)
Vatican II on the Nature of the Church	500	(4)
John D. Zizioulas on Local and Universal Churches	504	(2)
Leonardo Boff on the Nature of Local Churches	506	(5)
Avery Dulles on the Meanings of ``Catholicity''	511	(3)
The Sacraments	514	(58)
Clement of Alexandria on Faith as Feeding on Christ	516	(1)
Clement of Alexandria on the Results of Baptism	517	(1)
Cyprian of Carthage on Heretical Baptism	518	(1)
Cyril of Jerusalem on the Meaning of Baptism	519	(1)
Cyril of Jerusalem on the Body and Blood of Christ	520	(1)
Hilary of Poitiers on the Effects of Baptism	521	(1)
Augustine on Donatist Approaches to the Sacraments	522	(1)
Augustine on the ``Right to Baptize''	523	(1)
John on the Damascus on the Holy Spirit and Eucharist	524	(1)
Paschasius Radbertus on the Real Presence	525	(2)
Ratranmus of Corbie on the Real Presence	527	(1)
Candidus of Fulda on ``This is My Body''	528	(1)
Lanfranc of Bec on the Mystery of the Sacraments	529	(1)
Hugh of St Victor on the Definition of a Sacrament	530	(1)
Peter Lombard on the Definition of a Sacrament	531	(2)
Thomas Aquinas on Transubstantiation	533	(2)
Martin Luther on the Number of Sacraments	535	(1)
Martin Luther on the Doctrine of Transubstantiation	536	(2)
Martin Luther on the Bread and Wine as a Testament	538	(2)
Martin Luther on Baptism	540	(1)
Philip Melanchthon on Sacramental Signs	541	(3)
Kornelius Hendriks Hoen on ``This is My Body''	544	(1)
Huldrych Zwingli on ``This is My Body''	545	(3)
Huldrych Zwingli on the Nature of Sacraments	548	(2)
The First Helvetic Confession on the Efficacy of the Sacraments	550	(1)
John Calvin on the Nature of Sacraments	551	(1)
Martin Bucer on the Sacraments	552	(2)
The Council of Trent on Transubstantiation	554	(1)
Theodore Beza on Sacramental Signs	555	(2)
John Wesley on the Eucharist and Salvation	557	(1)
Vatican II on the Eucharist	558	(4)
Edward Schillebeeckx on Understanding the Real Presence	562	(5)
Alexander Schmemann on the Eucharist	567	(5)
Christianity and Other Religions	572	(38)
Justin Martyr on Christianity before Christ	573	(1)
Ludwig Feuerbach on the Origins of Religion	574	(1)
Karl Marx on Feuerbach's Views on Religion	575	(2)
Karl Barth on Christianity and Religion	577	(2)
Karl Rahner on Christianity and the Non-Christian Religions	579	(4)
Vatican II on Non-Christian Religions	583	(4)
Clark Pinnock on Pluralists and Christology	587	(4)
John Hick on Complementary Pluralism	591	(4)
C. S. Song on the Cross and the Lotus	595	(5)
John B. Cobb Jr. on Religious Pluralism	600	(4)
Lesslie Newbigin on the Gospel in a Pluralist Culture	604	(6)
Last Things	610	(38)
Irenaeus on the Final Restoration of Creation	611	(2)
Theophilus of Antioch on Conditional Immortality	613	(1)
Tertullian on Hell and Heaven	614	(1)
Tertullian on the Millennium	615	(1)
Origen on the Resurrection Body	616	(1)
Methodius of Olympus on the Resurrection	617	(1)
Cyril of Jerusalem on Prayers for the Dead	618	(1)
Gregory of Nyssa on the Resurrection Body	619	(1)
John Chrysostom on Prayers for the Dead	620	(1)
Augustine on the Christian Hope	620	(2)
Gregory the Great on Purgatory	622	(1)
Benedict XII on Seeing God in Heaven	623	(1)
Catherine of Genoa on Purgatory	624	(1)
John Donne on the Resurrection	625	(1)
Jeremy Taylor on Death and Heaven	626	(1)
Jonathan Edwards on the Reality of Hell	627	(3)
John Wesley on Universal Restoration	630	(2)
Rudolf Bultmann on the Existential Interpretation of Eschatology	632	(3)
Helmut Thielicke on Ethics and Eschatology	635	(3)
Richard Bauckham on Jurgen Moltmann's Eschatology	638	(2)
Hans Urs von Balthasar on Hell	640	(1)
Gabriel Fackre on the Last Things	641	(2)
Philip E. Hughes on Everlasting Death	643	(5)
Details of Theologians	648	(16)
Sources of Readings	664	(20)
Suggestions for Further Reading	684	(5)
Theological Resources on the Internet	689	(3)
A Glossary of Theological Terms	692	(11)
Index of Sources	703	(3)
Index of Topics	706