Circuit Design for Rf Transceivers

by Leenaerts, Domine M. W.; Tang, Johan Van Der; Vaucher, Cicero S.

• ISBN13: 9780792375517
• ISBN10: 0792375513
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2001-10-01
• Publisher: Kluwer Academic Pub

Summary

Circuit Design for RF Transceivers covers key building blocks which are needed to make an integrated transceiver for wireless and cellular applications, that is low-noise amplifiers, mixers, voltage controlled oscillators, RF power amplifiers and phase-locked loop systems. Starting from detailed RF concepts and specifications, the authors discuss the circuits in detail and provide solutions to many design problems. The circuits are implemented in a wide range of modern technology processes. Production requirements are taken into account, and measurement results are presented and discussed. Several of the presented circuits are used in IC products. The text also includes several RF technologies (for example double-poly, Silicon-on-Anything, SiGe-bipolar, RF-CMOS, etc.) and microwave design techniques, such as transmission line concepts. In addition, the problem of connecting the RF signals on-chip to the PCB and to the antenna will be discussed, including the influence of the package, ESD and bond pads. The contents of Circuit Design for RF Transceivers 2nd edition are based on research activities carried out at Philips Research. Many internal and external publications contributed to make the presented material state-of-the-art. The book is written for people who have a basic knowledge of analogue IC design. The second edition of this successful 2001 RF Circuit Design book has been updated, latest technology reviews have been added as well as several actual case studies. Due to the authors being active in industry as well as academia, this should prove to be an essential guide on RF Transceiver Design for students and engineers.

Author Biography

Dr. Domine Leenaerts is head of the RF Design group at Philips Research in Eindhoven

Table of Contents

Preface	xiii
Rf Design: Concepts and Technology	1	(42)
RF Specifications	1	(13)
Gain	2	(4)
Noise	6	(4)
Non-linearity	10	(4)
Sensitivity	14	(1)
RF Device Technology	14	(19)
Characterization and Modeling	15	(1)
Modeling	15	(2)
Cut-off Frequency	17	(3)
Maximum Oscillation Frequency	20	(1)
Input Limited Frequency	21	(1)
Output Limited Frequency	22	(1)
Maximum Available Bandwidth	23	(1)
Technology Choice	23	(1)
Double Poly Devices	24	(2)
Silicon-on-Anything	26	(2)
Comparison	28	(2)
SiGe Bipolar Technology	30	(1)
RF CMOS	30	(3)
Passives	33	(10)
Resistors	34	(1)
Capacitors	35	(2)
Planar Monolithic Inductors	37	(5)
References	42	(1)
Antennas, Interface and Substrate	43	(36)
Antennas	43	(3)
Bond Wires	46	(3)
Transmission Lines	49	(9)
General Theory	49	(2)
Impedance Matching using Transmission Lines	51	(3)
Microstrip Lines and Coplanar Lines	54	(4)
Bond Pads and ESD Devices	58	(9)
Bond Pads	59	(1)
ESD Devices	60	(1)
ggNMOST ESD Device	61	(3)
pn and np-Diode ESD Device	64	(3)
Substrate	67	(12)
Substrate Bounces	69	(2)
Design Techniques to Reduce the Substrate Bounces	71	(6)
References	77	(2)
Low Noise Amplifiers	79	(34)
Specification	79	(5)
Bipolar LNA design for DCS Application in SOA	84	(10)
Design of the LNA	84	(9)
Measurements	93	(1)
CMOS LNA Design	94	(14)
Single Transistor LNA	94	(1)
Design Steps	95	(6)
Simulation and Measurement	101	(3)
Classical LNA Design	104	(1)
The Design	105	(3)
Measurement Results	108	(1)
Evaluation	108	(5)
References	111	(2)
Mixers	113	(32)
Specification	113	(5)
Bipolar Mixer Design	118	(3)
CMOS Mixers	121	(24)
Active CMOS Mixers	122	(5)
Passive CMOS Mixers	127	(1)
1/f-Noise in Mixer Transistors	128	(5)
1/f-Noise due to IF Amplifier	133	(5)
1/f-Noise due to Switched-Capacitor Behavior	138	(3)
Concluding Remarks	141	(1)
References	142	(3)
Rf Power Amplifiers	145	(40)
Specification	145	(6)
Efficiency	145	(1)
Generic Amplifier Classes	146	(3)
Heating	149	(1)
Linearity	150	(1)
Ruggedness	151	(1)
Bipolar PA Design	151	(9)
CMOS PA Design	160	(6)
Linearization Principles	166	(19)
Predistortion Technique	168	(4)
Phase-Correcting Feedback	172	(5)
Envelope Elimination and Restoration (EER)	177	(3)
Cartesian Feedback	180	(2)
References	182	(3)
Oscillators	185
Introduction	185
The Ideal Oscillator	185
The Non-ideal Oscillator	186
Application and Classification	188
Oscillation Conditions	191
Amplitude Stabilization	196
Specifications	199
Frequency and Tuning	199
Tuning Constant and Linearity	200
Power Dissipation	200
Phase Noise to Carrier Ratio	201
Reciprocal Mixing	202
Signal to Noise Degradation of FM Signals	203
Spurious Emission	203
Harmonics	204
I/Q Matching	204
Technology and Chip Area	205
LC Oscillators	206
Frequency, Tuning and Phase Noise	206
Frequency	207
Tuning	208
Phase Noise to Carrier Ratio	209
Topologies	221
RC Oscillators	223
Frequency, Tuning and Phase Noise	223
Frequency	224
Tuning	225
Phase Noise to Carrier Ratio	228
Topologies	229