Cities Between Competitiveness and Cohesion

by Ache, Peter; Andersen, Hans Thor; Maloutas, Thomas; Raco, Mike; Tasan-Kok, Tuna

• ISBN13: 9781402082405
• ISBN10: 1402082401
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2008-06-01
• Publisher: Springer Verlag

Summary

The central aim of many analyses in population studies and demography is to explain cause-effect relationships among variables or events. For decades, population scientists have concentrated their efforts on estimating the 'œcauses of effects' (e.g. 'œWhat accounts for the decline of fertility rates?') by applying standard cross-sectional and dynamic regression techniques, with regression coefficients routinely being understood as estimates of causal effects. The standard approach to infer the 'œeffects of causes' (e.g. 'œWhat is the effect of women's labour force participation on fertility?') in natural sciences and in psychology is to conduct randomised experiments. In population studies, experimental designs are unfeasible. Nevertheless, quasi or natural experiments are sometimes performed to estimate treatment effects. However, most research is based on non-experimental designs (also called observational or survey designs). Inferring the effects of causes ' or treatment effects ' from other than experimental data is tricky. However, treatment effects can be inferred from non-experimental data with a counterfactual approach. In such a perspective, causal effects are defined as the difference between the potential outcome irrespective of whether or not an individual received a certain treatment (or experienced a certain cause). The counterfactual approach to estimate effects of causes from quasi-experimental data or from observational studies was first proposed by Rubin (1974). Other important contributions include the work of James Heckman and collaborators and of Charles Manski and collaborators.

Table of Contents

Discourses and Conceptualizations of Competitiveness and Cohesion
Cities Between Competitiveness and Cohesion: Discourses, Realities and Implementation - Introduction	p. 3
Competitiveness and Cohesion: A Janus Head? Some Conceptual Clarifications	p. 19
Analyzing the Competitiveness of Cities and Regions
Are Entrepreneurial Cities More Successful? Empirical Evidence from 50 German Cities	p. 41
Competitiveness and Cohesion in the Spanish Provinces: A Territorial Approach	p. 61
Globalizing Urban Economies and Social Inequality: An Empirical Assessment. The Case of Amsterdam and Rotterdam	p. 79
The Conditional Nature of Relations Between Competitiveness, Social Cohesion and Spatial Inequalities: The Evidence from Istanbul	p. 99
Detecting Social Cohesion in Cities and Regions
Immigration and the Spatial (Dis)Equilibrium of Competitiveness - Cohesion in Athens	p. 119
Labour Migration and Social Cohesion - Some Empirical Evidence from Vienna	p. 135
From Survival to Competition? The Socio-Spatial Evolution of Turkish Immigrant Entrepreneurs in Antwerp	p. 151
Maribor - Housing Strategies in a Slovenian City Linking Competitiveness with Social Cohesion	p. 169
Practice of the Competitiveness and Cohesion Discourse in Urban and Regional Development
Sustainable Urban Regeneration in a Global City - The Regeneration of Paddington Basin	p. 187
Finnish Urban Districts - New Actors in Multi-Level Governance	p. 205
Reconciling Competitiveness and Social Cohesion in Urban Regions - The Role of Transport Policy	p. 223
Positioning Bratislava in an Emerging Cross-Border Metropolitan Area	p. 243
Reconciling Competitiveness and Cohesion - Conclusions
Conclusions - Competitiveness and Cohesion: One Discourse, Multiple Realities and New Challenges for Policy and Research	p. 259
References	p. 275
Index	p. 293
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