Civil Liberties and the Constitution : Cases and Commentaries

by Lucius J. Barker; Twiley W. Barker

• ISBN13: 9780131372092
• ISBN10: 0131372092
• Edition: 7th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 1994-01-01
• Publisher: Taylor & Francis

Summary

This time-honored casebook explores civil liberty problems through a study of leading judicial decisions¿primarily those of the United States Supreme Court¿and assesses the overall political-social context in which the formulation and implementation of civil liberties policies take place. It features new cases and commentaries to enhance understanding of rights and liberties in historical and long-range perspective.

Table of Contents

Preface	p. ix
A Framework for Analysis	p. 1
Law and Courts in Political-Social Context	p. 3
Congress, the President, and Administrative Officials	p. 5
Interest Groups and the Dynamics of Civil Liberties	p. 7
More on the Court: Inside the Marble Palace	p. 7
The "Rules of the Game" and American Political Values	p. 11
Civil Liberties in the Context of Federalism	p. 13
The Supreme Court, the Bill of Rights, and the Fourteenth Amendment	p. 14
State Constitutions	p. 17
State Judicial Selection	p. 20
Conclusion	p. 21
Palko v. Connecticut	p. 21
Duncan v. Louisiana	p. 23
Selected References	p. 29
Religious Liberty	p. 31
Transportation, Books, Teachers, Facilities: Parochiaid Expands	p. 32
The Emergence of Parochiaid Controversies: From Transportation to Textbooks	p. 32
Everson v. Board of Education	p. 33
Board of Education v. Allen	p. 36
Expanding Parochiaid: The Lemon Test and Doctrinal Development	p. 40
Lemon v. Kurtzman	p. 42
Committee for Public Education and Religious Liberty v. Nyquist	p. 47
Mueller v. Allen	p. 51
Agostini v. Felton	p. 55
Parochiaid and Higher Education	p. 62
Tilton v. Richardson	p. 63
Selected References	p. 67
Prayer and Religious Activities in the Public Schools and Other Public Places	p. 68
Prayer and Religious Instruction in Public Schools	p. 68
School District of Abington Township, Pennsylvania v. Schempp	p. 74
Board of Education of Westside Community Schools v. Mergens	p. 78
Lee v. Weisman	p. 84
Rosenberger v. The Rector of the University of Virginia	p. 92
Edwards v. Aguillard	p. 103
Government-Sponsored Religious Displays	p. 110
Lynch v. Donnelly	p. 111
Selected References	p. 115
The State, Religious Beliefs, Religious Practices, and Ceremonies: Free Exercise Clause Controversies	p. 116
Jehovah's Witnesses and Early Free Exercise Jurisprudence	p. 116
Minersville School District v. Gobitis	p. 116
Murdock v. Pennsylvania	p. 121
The State, Religious Beliefs and Practices, and the Free Exercise Clause	p. 124
Sherbert v. Verner	p. 128
Wisconsin v. Yoder	p. 131
Hobbie v. Unemployment Appeals Commission of Florida	p. 136
Department of Human Resources of Oregon v. Smith	p. 138
City of Boerne, Texas v. Flores	p. 143
Churches and Taxes	p. 149
Walz v. Tax Commission of City of New York	p. 150
Jimmy Swaggart Ministries v. Board of Equalization of California	p. 153
Religious Liberty and Compulsory Military Service	p. 156
Welsh v. United States	p. 158
Selected References	p. 162
Freedom of Expression, Assembly, and Association	p. 163
Freedom of Expression	p. 164
The Constitutional Law of Speech	p. 165
Schenck v. United States	p. 169
Abrams v. United States	p. 170
Gitlow v. New York	p. 174
Whitney v. California	p. 176
Dennis v. United States	p. 179
Brandenburg v. Ohio	p. 186
Time, Place, and Manner Restrictions	p. 190
Cohen v. California	p. 198
Feiner v. New York	p. 199
Adderly v. State of Florida	p. 202
PruneYard Shopping Center v. Robins	p. 205
Frisby v. Schultz	p. 209
Madsen v. Women's Health Center, Inc.	p. 213
Freedom of Expression in Special Contexts and Freedom of Association	p. 220
Symbolic Speech and the Speech/Conduct Distinction	p. 220
Texas v. Johnson	p. 222
R.A. V. v. St. Paul, Minnesota	p. 226
Wisconsin v. Mitchell	p. 234
Commercial Speech	p. 235
Money as Speech	p. 237
Obscenity	p. 238
Miller v. California	p. 243
Barnes v. Glen Theatre, Inc.	p. 247
Student Rights and Free Expression	p. 254
Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District	p. 255
Bethel School District No. 403 v. Fraser	p. 259
Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier	p. 264
Association	p. 271
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People v. Alabama	p. 272
New York State Club Association, Inc. v. City of New York	p. 275
Freedom of the Press	p. 279
Prior Restraint and Access	p. 280
Near v. Minnesota	p. 280
New York Times v. United States [The Pentagon Papers Case]	p. 283
Is the Press "Special"?	p. 289
Freedom of the Press and the Judicial Process	p. 292
Branzburg v. Hayes	p. 297
Nebraska Press Association v. Stuart	p. 305
New York Times v. Sullivan	p. 308
The Various Media	p. 313
Reno v. American Civil Liberties Union	p. 314
Selected References	p. 320
Rights of the Accused and the Criminal Justice System	p. 321
The Exclusionary Rule and Other Fourth Amendment Controversies	p. 323
Fourth Amendment Problems: The Exclusionary Rule Controversy	p. 323
Mapp v. Ohio	p. 324
The Fourth Amendment in Retreat? Expanding Warrantless Searches	p. 328
United States v. Leon	p. 336
California v. Greenwood	p. 342
Florida v. Bostick	p. 345
Maryland v. Wilson	p. 349
Selected References	p. 353
Protection Against Compulsory Self-Incrimination and the Right to Counsel	p. 354
From Coerced Confessions to Miranda Warnings	p. 354
Miranda v. Arizona	p. 356
Developing Miranda Jurisprudence in the Warren, Burger, and Rehnquist Courts	p. 361
New York v. Quarles	p. 364
Illinois v. Perkins	p. 368
Davis v. United States	p. 372
Assistance of Counsel	p. 375
Gideon v. Wainwright	p. 377
Strickland v. Washington	p. 380
Selected References	p. 384
Other Constitutional Guarantees in the Criminal Process: Trials, Sentencing, and Incarceration	p. 385
Trial by Jury and Jury Selection Problems	p. 385
Batson v. Kentucky	p. 388
Georgia v. McCollum	p. 394
The Death Penalty Controversy	p. 398
Gregg v. Georgia	p. 404
Stanford v. Kentucky/Wilkins v. Missouri	p. 408
Payne v. Tennessee	p. 413
Calderon v. Thompson	p. 419
Bail and Preventive Detention	p. 425
Kansas v. Hendricks	p. 426
Confrontation and Cross-Examination	p. 434
Coy v. Iowa	p. 434
Prisoners' Rights	p. 437
Wilson v. Seiter	p. 441
Hudson v. McMillian	p. 443
Juvenile Rights	p. 448
In re Gault	p. 449
Selected References	p. 454
Protecting Against Bias: Segregation and Discrimination	p. 455
The Development and Legal Demise of Racial Segregation	p. 457
Slavery under the Rubric of Compromise	p. 457
From Reconstruction to Home Rule	p. 458
Civil Rights Cases	p. 459
Constitutionalization of Racial Segregation	p. 463
Plessy v. Ferguson	p. 464
Public Accommodation and Housing	p. 468
Negating Black Participation	p. 469
Separate and Unequal: Public Education from Plessy to Brown	p. 470
Brown v. Board of Education (I)	p. 472
Brown v. Board of Education (II)	p. 473
Selected References	p. 474
The Rocky Road of School Desegregation	p. 475
Onward from Brown I: Issues of Implementation	p. 475
"It's Not the Bus; It's Us": Desegregation Moves North	p. 476
Milliken v. Bradley	p. 481
Board of Education of Oklahoma City Public Schools v. Dowell	p. 486
Freeman v. Pitts	p. 490
Missouri v. Jenkins	p. 497
Desegregation Issues in Higher Education	p. 500
United States v. Fordice	p. 501
Selected References	p. 509
The Continuing Significance of Race: the Prevalence of Biases and the Affirmative Action Controversy	p. 510
Some Judicial Standards and Equal Protection Review	p. 512
Eliminating Job Bias	p. 512
Griggs v. Duke Power Co.	p. 513
Affirmative Action and the Inclusion of the Excluded	p. 515
Wards Cove Packing Co. v. Atonio	p. 520
Patterson v. McLean Credit Union	p. 524
Regents of the University of California v. Bakke	p. 529
City of Richmond v. J. A. Croson Co.	p. 538
Adarand Constructors, Inc. v. Pena	p. 545
Hopwood v. Texas	p. 552
"But Not Next Door": The Controversy over Racially Segregated Housing	p. 558
Commentary	p. 560
Selected References	p. 561
The Continuing Significance of Race: Voting and Political Representation	p. 562
Negating Black Political Participation: State Defiance of the Fifteenth Amendment	p. 564
Gomillion v. Lightfoot	p. 565
From the Streets to the Congress: Renewing the Fifteenth Amendment's Commitment	p. 567
South Carolina v. Katzenbach	p. 571
City of Mobile, Alabama v. Bolden	p. 576
Chisom v. Roemer	p. 582
Presley v. Etowah County Commission	p. 585
Reapportionment and Related Problems	p. 591
Baker v. Carr	p. 593
Shaw v. Reno	p. 599
Miller v. Johnson	p. 603
Shaw v. Hunt	p. 611
Selected References	p. 621
Age and Disability Discrimination	p. 623
Age and the Workplace: The Development of the Law	p. 623
Massachusetts Board of Retirement v. Murgia	p. 625
Bona Fide Occupational Qualifications	p. 629
Vance v. Bradley	p. 631
Gregory v. Ashcroft	p. 634
Proof of Violations	p. 643
O'Connor v. Consolidated Coin Caterers Corp.	p. 643
Disability in the Workplace	p. 644
Southeastern Community College v. Davis	p. 646
School Board of Nassau County, Florida v. Arline	p. 649
Bragdon v. Abbott	p. 652
Selected References	p. 659
Native Americans--Race and Culture: Promises Made, Promises Broken	p. 660
Doctrines of Discovery and Conquest	p. 660
Johnson v. McIntosh	p. 663
Cherokee Nation v. Georgia	p. 668
Worcester v. Georgia	p. 670
Seven Periods of Broken Promises: Issues in Civil Rights	p. 675
The Rights of Native Americans and Treaties: The Civil Rights of Groups	p. 677
Morton v. Mancari	p. 679
United States v. Sioux Nation	p. 683
Criminal Jurisdiction: Issues of Culture and Power	p. 692
Ex parte Crow Dog	p. 694
United States v. Kagama	p. 699
American Indians' Self-Government and the Constitution	p. 702
American Indians and Civil Rights: The Struggle for Cultural Recognition	p. 703
American Indians' Culture as a Civil Right	p. 704
Selected References	p. 705
Gender-Based Discrimination, Privacy in Varied Contexts, and the Poor in Court	p. 707
Equal Rights for Women and Gender-Based Discrimination	p. 709
Sex Discrimination and the Evolution of Judicial Policies	p. 709
Bradwell v. Illinois	p. 715
Muller v. Oregon	p. 717
Reed v. Reed	p. 719
Frontiero v. Richardson	p. 720
Craig v. Boren	p. 723
Orr v. Orr	p. 725
Personnel Administrator of Massachusetts v. Feeney	p. 727
Rostker v. Goldberg	p. 732
Michael M. v. Superior Court of Sonoma County	p. 735
Mississippi University for Women v. Hogan	p. 739
Grove City College v. Bell	p. 742
United States v. Virginia	p. 745
Miller v. Albright	p. 749
Constitutional Politics: The Saga of the Era	p. 752
Privacy and Individual Rights in Varied Contexts	p. 753
Beyond the Fourth Amendment: Privacy as a Constitutional Right and the Abortion Controversy	p. 753
Griswold v. Connecticut	p. 756
Roe v. Wade	p. 759
Webster v. Reproductive Health Services	p. 763
Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania v. Casey	p. 766
Privacy in Varied Contexts: Sexual Orientation, Sexual Harassment, the Right to Die, and So on	p. 771
Bowers v. Hardwick	p. 776
Romer v. Evans	p. 781
Oncale v. Sundowner Offshore Services, Inc.	p. 786
Washington v. Glucksberg	p. 788
Vernonia School District 47J v. Acton	p. 793
Selected References	p. 798
The Poor in Court: Expanding and Contracting Rights	p. 800
Structural Obstacles Facing the Poor	p. 801
Welfare Benefits	p. 802
Shapiro v. Thompson	p. 805
Goldberg v. Kelly	p. 810
Wyman v. James	p. 814
Poverty, Public Schools, and the Property Tax	p. 818
San Antonio Independent School District v. Rodgriguez	p. 819
The Poor and Housing	p. 826
Access to the Courts	p. 827
Lawyers, Legal Services, and Rights of the Poor	p. 829
The Reagan, Bush, and Clinton Years: Limitations on Achieving Economic Justice through the Courts and the Law	p. 830
The Future of Poverty: Capacity and Limits of the Courts and the Law	p. 832
Selected References	p. 834
The Bork Confirmation Battle: A Case Study	p. 835
The Downfall of Separate but Equal: Brown v. Board of Education	p. 846
Constitution of the United States	p. 864
Table of Cases	p. 872
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