Civil Procedure

by Emanuel, Steven L.

• ISBN13: 9781565420144
• ISBN10: 1565420144
• Edition: 20th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2000-07-01
• Publisher: Wolters Kluwer

Summary

Civil Procedure was the first title we ever published. Since then, it's been thoroughly rewritten, through more than seventeen new editions. The book is suitable for use with any casebook, including Field, Kaplan & Clermont; Cound, Friedenthal, Miller & Sexton; Rosenberg, Smit, & Dreyfuss; & Yeazell, Landers & Martin. Special features: * At the end of each chapter, you'll find special Exam Tips on how to spot the key issues, what's most frequently tested, how to structure & phrase your answers ... & more * Textbook Correlation Chart, to show you what you need to read for every assignment * Capsule Summary, for night-before-the-exam review * Essay Exam Q&A's, to practice applying what you've learned to an exam fact pattern * Short Answer Q&A's, to reinforce the black-letter law * Tables (Cases, Fed. R. Civ. P., U.S.C. provisions, Subject-Matter Index).

Table of Contents

Capsule Summary	1	(1)
Introduction
Civil Procedure Generally	1	(6)
``Civil'' procedure vs. ``criminal'' procedure	1	(1)
Two court systems	1	(1)
Grounds for federal court jurisdiction	2	(1)
Both systems studied	3	(1)
A road map	3	(1)
Personal jurisdiction	3	(1)
Venue	3	(1)
Subject matter jurisdiction	3	(1)
Pleading	4	(1)
Discovery	4	(1)
Ascertaining applicable law	4	(1)
Trial procedure	4	(1)
Multi-party and multi-claim litigation	4	(2)
Former adjudication	6	(1)
Jurisdiction over the Parties
General Principles	7	(2)
Jurisdiction over Individuals	9	(12)
Individual's presence	10	(1)
Domicile	11	(2)
Residence	13	(1)
Consent	14	(1)
Non-resident Motorist statutes	15	(1)
In-state tortious acts	16	(2)
Owners of in-state property	18	(1)
Conducting business	19	(1)
Recent statutory treatment	19	(1)
Foreign nationals	20	(1)
Statutes going to limits of due process	20	(1)
Jurisdiction over Corporations	21	(24)
General principles	21	(1)
Older tests for jurisdiction over foreign corporations	21	(1)
Modern ideas on jurisdiction over foreign corporations	22	(1)
The limits of the ``minimum contacts'' test	23	(4)
Use of agents	27	(1)
Establishing ``minimum contacts'' by use of an Internet Website	27	(2)
Claims unrelated to in-state activity	29	(3)
Jurisdiction involving products liability	32	(5)
Suits based on contractual relationship	37	(1)
Analyzing State-Court Personal Jurisdiction Problems	38	(2)
Class action plaintiffs	40	(2)
Libel and slander suits	42	(1)
Plaintiff's lack of contacts	43	(1)
Limits on choice-of-law	43	(1)
Quiz Yourself on Jurisdiction over Individuals and Corporations	44	(1)
Federal Jurisdiction over the Parties	45	(12)
General principles	45	(1)
Territory for service	46	(1)
Not imposed by Constitution	47	(1)
Service out of state	47	(1)
100-mile bulge	47	(3)
Manner of service	50	(1)
Individual	50	(1)
Corporation	50	(2)
Amenability to suit	52	(1)
Federal question	52	(1)
Federal Jurisdiction --- First Analysis	52	(1)
Federal Jurisdiction --- Detailed Analysis	53	(1)
Diversity	54	(1)
Quiz Yourself on Federal Jurisdiction Over the Parties	55	(2)
Jurisdiction over Things	57	(12)
General principles	57	(1)
In rem actions	57	(1)
Quasi in rem actions	58	(1)
In rem jurisdiction	58	(1)
Quasi in rem jurisdiction	59	(8)
Limited appearances	67	(1)
Federal quasi in rem jurisdiction	67	(2)
Quiz Yourself on Jurisdiction Over Things	69	(1)
Notice and Opportunity to be Heard	69	(11)
General principles	69	(1)
Traditional notice requirements	70	(1)
Modern notice requirements	71	(3)
Statutory provisions vs. actual results	74	(1)
Opportunity to be heard	75	(1)
Prejudgment remedies, including attachment	75	(4)
Quiz Yourself on Notice and Opportunity to be Heard	79	(1)
Defenses to Claims of Jurisdiction	80	(6)
General principles	80	(1)
Special appearance	80	(1)
Enforcement of judgments	81	(1)
Collateral attack	82	(1)
Defense of fraud or duress	83	(1)
Immunity	84	(1)
Witnesses	84	(1)
Defendants	84	(1)
Plaintiffs	84	(1)
Federal immunity	84	(1)
Quiz Yourself on Defenses to Claims of Jurisdiction	85	(1)
Venue	86	(14)
General principles	86	(1)
Venue in state actions	87	(1)
Transitory vs. local actions	87	(1)
Forum non conveniens	88	(2)
Venue in federal actions	90	(1)
Federal statute	90	(2)
``Defendant's residence'' venue	92	(1)
``Place of events or property'' venue	92	(1)
The ``escape hatch'' provision	93	(2)
No ``plaintiff's residence'' venue	95	(1)
Corporation	95	(1)
Unincorporated associations	95	(1)
Waiver of venue claims	95	(1)
Venue in federal removal cases	96	(1)
Federal forum non conveniens	96	(1)
Quiz Yourself on Venue	97	(1)
Exam Tips on Jurisdiction over the Parties	98	(2)
Subject Matter Jurisdiction
General Principles	100	(1)
Federal Subject Matter Jurisdiction Generally	101	(2)
Diversity Jurisdiction	103	(9)
Constitutional provision	103	(1)
Complete diversity required	103	(1)
Nominal parties ignored	104	(1)
Refusal to exercise jurisdiction	105	(1)
Date of determination	105	(1)
Domicile, not residence, is what counts	105	(1)
Citizens of D.C.	106	(1)
American living abroad	106	(1)
Jurisdiction involving aliens	106	(1)
Diversity involving corporations	107	(1)
Devices to create or destroy diversity	108	(1)
Analysis of Diversity	109	(1)
Quiz Yourself on Diversity Jurisdiction	110	(2)
Federal Question Jurisdiction	112	(2)
Quiz Yourself on Federal Question Jurisdiction	114	(1)
Amount in Controversy	114	(6)
General rule	114	(1)
Proof not required	115	(1)
Eventual recovery irrelevant	115	(1)
Whose point of view followed	115	(1)
Aggregation of claims	116	(2)
Effect of counterclaim	118	(1)
Quiz Yourself on Amount in Controversy	118	(2)
Supplemental (Formerly ``Ancillary'' and ``Pendent'') Jurisdiction	120	(19)
Background	120	(1)
The traditional ``pendent'' and ``ancillary'' ideas	120	(1)
Pendent jurisdiction	121	(1)
Ancillary jurisdiction	122	(2)
The new ``supplemental'' provision	124	(1)
Provision generally	124	(1)
Federal question cases	124	(1)
Diversity exclusions	125	(5)
Discretionary rejection of supplemental jurisdiction	130	(1)
Supplemental Jurisdiction	131	(3)
No effect on personal jurisdiction	134	(1)
Venue not required	134	(1)
Quiz Yourself on Supplemental Jurisdiction	135	(4)
Removal of Cases to the Federal Courts	139	(6)
General right to remove	139	(1)
Removal statute	139	(1)
Diversity and amount rules applicable	139	(1)
Removal not allowed by plaintiff	140	(1)
Certain kinds of cases not removable	140	(1)
Original state-court jurisdiction not required	140	(1)
Pleadings not pierced	140	(1)
Removal of multiple claims	141	(2)
Remand	143	(1)
Waiver	143	(1)
Mechanics of removal	143	(1)
Quiz Yourself on Removal of Cases to the Federal Courts	144	(1)
Power to Punish Disobedience of a Court Order	145	(5)
Court orders founded on invalid jurisdiction	145	(1)
Citations based on unconstitutional order	146	(1)
Exam Tips on Subject Matter Jurisdiction	146	(4)
Pleading
History and General Principles	150	(1)
Modern Federal Pleading Generally	150	(7)
Purpose	150	(1)
General principles	151	(1)
Mechanics of pleadings	151	(1)
Kinds of pleadings	151	(1)
Verification of pleadings	151	(1)
Attorney must not file frivolous pleading (Rule 11)	152	(5)
Pleading in the alternative	157	(1)
The Complaint	157	(3)
Definition of complaint	157	(1)
Elements of complaint	157	(1)
Jurisdictional allegation	158	(1)
Degree of specificity required	158	(1)
Single or separate counts	159	(1)
Demand for judgment	159	(1)
Special matters	160	(1)
Motions Against the Complaint	160	(8)
Motions generally	160	(1)
12(b)(6) motion to dismiss for failure to state claim	161	(1)
Standard for granting	162	(1)
Amendment	162	(1)
Effect of grant of motion	162	(1)
Effect of denial	163	(1)
Motion for judgment on the pleadings	164	(1)
Motion for more definite statement	164	(1)
Motion of strike	164	(1)
Suits brought ``in forma pauperis''	165	(1)
Quiz Yourself on Pleading Generally, the Complaint and Motions Against It	166	(2)
The Answer	168	(2)
The answer generally	168	(1)
Denials	168	(1)
Signed by defendant's attorney	169	(1)
Affirmative defenses	169	(1)
Counterclaims	170	(1)
Time for Various Pleadings	170	(1)
Amendment of the Pleadings	171	(4)
Liberal policy	171	(1)
Amendment as of right	171	(1)
Amendment by leave of court	171	(1)
Relation back	172	(1)
Utility	172	(1)
When action is deemed ``commenced''	172	(1)
Easier state ``relation back'' rule followed	172	(1)
What's a single ``conduct, transaction, or occurrence''	173	(1)
Change of party	174	(1)
Variance of proof from Pleadings	175	(7)
Quiz Yourself on the Answer, Timing, Amendments and Variance	177	(2)
Exam Tips on Pleading	179	(3)
Discovery and Pretrial Conference
General Principles	182	(1)
Objectives	182	(1)
Evidence not later obtainable	182	(1)
Issue formulation	182	(1)
New leads	182	(1)
Automatic disclosure	183	(1)
Scope of Discovery	183	(24)
Scope covered by Rule 26(b)	183	(1)
General scheme	183	(1)
Relevance	184	(1)
Scope of Discovery (Federal Courts)	185	(1)
Discovery: Automatic Disclosure	186	(1)
Discovery: Concerning Experts	187	(1)
Privilege	188	(1)
Trial preparation immunity	188	(1)
Hickman v. Taylor	189	(1)
Qualified immunity	190	(1)
Absolute immunity	191	(2)
Statements by witnesses	193	(1)
Names of witnesses	194	(1)
Discovery concerning experts	194	(1)
Experts to be called at trial	195	(1)
Experts retained by counsel, but not to be called at trial	196	(1)
Unretained experts not to be called at trial	196	(1)
Impeachment material	197	(1)
Insurance agreements	198	(1)
Mandatory disclosure	198	(1)
Automatic pre-discovery disclosure	199	(2)
Disclosure of expert testimony	201	(1)
Trial witnesses and exhibits	202	(1)
Exclusion at trial	202	(1)
Duty to supplement	202	(1)
Privilege log	203	(1)
Required meetings	203	(1)
Quiz Yourself on Scope of Discovery	204	(3)
Methods of Discovery	207	(10)
General characteristics	207	(1)
Persons affected	207	(1)
Times usable	208	(1)
Oral depositions (Rule 30)	208	(3)
Depositions upon written questions	211	(1)
Interrogatories to the parties	211	(1)
Requests for admission (Rule 36)	212	(1)
Requests to produce documents and to inspect land	213	(1)
Physical and mental examinations (Rule 35)	214	(2)
Quiz Yourself on Methods of Discovery	216	(1)
Orders and Sanctions	217	(6)
General availability of sanctions	217	(1)
Abuse of discovery	217	(2)
Compelling discovery	219	(1)
Sanctions	220	(1)
Financial sanctions	220	(1)
Other sanctions	221	(1)
Wilfulness usually required	222	(1)
Which court may issue	222	(1)
Physical exam	223	(1)
Where allowed	223	(1)
Sanctions prior to issuance of order	223	(1)
Use of Discovery Results at Trial	223	(7)
Use of results generally	223	(1)
Rules on use	223	(1)
Rule 34 requests to produce	224	(1)
Depositions	224	(2)
Interrogatories	226	(1)
Admissions	226	(1)
Physical and mental examinations	226	(1)
Use in subsequent proceedings	226	(2)
Quiz Yourself on Orders and Sanctions; use of Discovery Results at Trial	228	(2)
Pretrial Conference	230	(5)
Exam Tips on Discovery	231	(4)
Ascertaining Applicable Law
Nature of Problem	235	(1)
The Erie Decision and Other Fundamentals	235	(4)
Rules of Decision Act	235	(3)
Federal procedural law	238	(1)
Erie Problems	239	(15)
Ascertaining state law	239	(2)
Conflict of laws	241	(1)
Burden of proof	241	(1)
Procedure/substance problems	241	(1)
Federal Rules always take precedence	242	(1)
Rule's validity under Enabling Act	242	(1)
Sibbach v. Wilson	243	(1)
Reliance on Erie to construe Rules	244	(1)
Outcome-determination and the Federal Rules	245	(1)
Other outcome-determinative cases	246	(1)
Byrd v. Blue Ridge	246	(2)
Hanna v. Plumer	248	(2)
Conflict must exist	250	(1)
Conflict between congressional statute and state policy	250	(1)
Quiz Yourself on Erie Problems	251	(3)
Federal Common Law	254	(7)
Federal common law still exists	254	(1)
Federal common law in diversity cases	255	(1)
Federal common law in state courts	256	(1)
Analyzing Erie Problems	257
Exam Tips on Ascertaining Applicable Law	256	(5)
Trial Procedure
Burden of Proof	261	(1)
Two meanings of ``burden of proof''	261	(1)
Factors in allocation	261	(1)
What meets burden	262	(1)
Presumptions	262	(2)
Preponderance of the Evidence	264	(3)
Quiz Yourself on Burden of Proof and Presumptions	266	(1)
Adjudication without Trial	267	(4)
Trial sometimes unnecessary	267	(1)
Voluntary dismissal by plaintiff	267	(1)
Involuntary dismissal	267	(1)
Summary judgment	268	(3)
Quiz Yourself on Adjudication without Trial	271	(1)
Trials without a Jury	271	(5)
When tried to court	271	(1)
Effect	271	(1)
Evidence rules	272	(1)
Findings of fact	272	(1)
Appellate review of findings of fact	273	(2)
Quiz Yourself on Trials Without a Jury	275	(1)
The Jury	276	(4)
Seventh Amendment	276	(1)
Number of jurors	276	(1)
Unanimity	276	(1)
Jury selection	277	(1)
Instructions	277	(1)
Juror misconduct	278	(1)
Quiz Yourself on The Jury	279	(1)
Directed Verdict / Judgment as a Matter of Law	280	(3)
Effect	280	(1)
Standard for granting directed verdict	280	(1)
Erie effect of directed verdict standards	281	(1)
Use of UNOV	281	(1)
Quiz Yourself on Directed Verdict; Judgment as a Matter of Law	282	(1)
Special Verdict and Interrogatories	283	(1)
New Trial	283	(5)
Judge's discretion	283	(1)
Federal new trials	283	(1)
New trial for judicial error	284	(1)
New trial for prejudicial conduct by party, witness or counsel	284	(1)
New trial where verdict against the weight of the evidence	285	(1)
New trial where verdict is excessive or inadequate	286	(1)
Remittitur and Additur	286	(1)
Partial new trial	287	(1)
New trial for newly discovered evidence	287	(1)
Appealability of new trial order	287	(1)
Quiz Yourself on New Trial	288	(1)
Review of Orders Granting or Denying New Trial	288	(1)
Judgment Notwithstanding Verdict (JNOV) / Judgment as a Matter of Law	289	(2)
Review of Combined New Trial and JML Motions	291	(1)
Constitutional Right to Jury Trial	292	(8)
Seventh Amendment	292	(1)
Federal law used	292	(1)
Meaning of suit ``at common law''	293	(1)
Pre-merger simplicity	293	(1)
Beacon Theatres	294	(1)
Dairy Queen	295	(1)
Ross v. Bernhard	296	(1)
Other procedural devices	297	(1)
Limitations on jury trial right	297	(1)
Quiz Yourself on Constitutional Right to Jury Trial	298	(2)
Remedies	300	(6)
Introduction	300	(1)
Damages	300	(1)
Equitable remedies	301	(1)
Exam Tips on Trial Procedure	302	(4)
Multi-Party and Multi-Claim Litigation
Background	306	(1)
Counterclaims	307	(8)
Generally	307	(1)
Federal Rules	307	(1)
Permissive counterclaim	307	(1)
Compulsory counterclaim	308	(1)
``Transaction or occurrence''	308	(1)
Counterclaims by third parties	309	(1)
Failure to raise a compulsory counterclaim	310	(1)
Jurisdictional requirements for counterclaims	310	(1)
Supplemental jurisdiction	310	(1)
Permissive counterclaims not supplemental	311	(1)
Pleading of counterclaims	311	(1)
Statutes of limitations for counterclaims	311	(1)
State rule	311	(1)
Federal diversity cases	311	(1)
Counterclaims	312	(1)
Federal question cases	313	(1)
Quiz Yourself on Counterclaims	313	(2)
Joinder of Claims	315	(1)
Joinder of claims generally	315	(1)
Joinder of parties	316	(14)
Reason for joinder	316	(1)
Permissive joinder	317	(1)
Use in multi-plaintiff product liability cases	318	(1)
Jurisdiction in permissive joinder cases	318	(1)
In personam jurisdiction	318	(1)
Subject matter jurisdiction	319	(1)
Venue	320	(1)
Compulsory joinder (Rule 19)	320	(4)
Analyzing Joinder of Parties	324	(2)
Quiz Yourself on Joinder of Claims and Joinder of Parties	326	(4)
Class Actions	330	(26)
Background	330	(1)
Rule 23 generally	331	(1)
Rule 23(a)'s prerequisites for class actions	331	(3)
23(b)(1) actions	334	(2)
23(b)(2) actions	336	(1)
23(b)(3) actions	336	(1)
Requirement of notice	337	(1)
Binding effect of class action decision	338	(1)
Amount in controversy	339	(1)
Determination that no valid class action exists	340	(1)
Settlements	341	(1)
Attorney's fees	342	(1)
Mass tort cases	342	(1)
Definition of ``mass tort''	342	(1)
The problem to be solved	343	(1)
Suitability of class actions	344	(4)
Class Actions	348	(1)
Opting out	349	(1)
Amount in controversy	349	(1)
Partial certification	350	(1)
Other techniques	350	(1)
The Eisen case	351	(1)
Quiz Yourself on Class Actions	352	(4)
Intervention	356	(4)
Intervention generally	356	(1)
Intervention as of right	356	(2)
Permissive intervention	358	(1)
Quiz Yourself on Intervention	358	(2)
Interpleader	360	(7)
Definition	360	(1)
Need for jurisdiction over both claimants	361	(1)
Federal statutory interpleader	362	(2)
Federal Rule interpleader	364	(1)
Comparison: Statutory and Rule Interpleader	364	(1)
Quiz Yourself on Interpleader	365	(2)
Real Party in Interest	367	(1)
Third-Party Practice (Impleader)	368	(6)
Third-party defendant	368	(1)
Claim must be derivative	368	(1)
When leave of court not needed	368	(1)
Impleader by plaintiff	369	(1)
Jurisdictional requirements relaxed	369	(1)
Claims involving third-party defendant	369	(3)
Quiz Yourself on third-Party Practice (Impleader)	372	(2)
Cross-Claims	374	(9)
Quiz Yourself on Cross-Claims	375	(1)
Exam Tips on Multi-Party and Multi-Claim Litigation	376	(7)
Former Adjudication
General Principles	383	(1)
Claim Preclusion (Merger and Bar)	384	(8)
Definition	384	(1)
Scope of claim	385	(3)
Adjudication on the merits	388	(1)
Counterclaims	389	(1)
Change of law	390	(1)
Persons not party to first action	391	(1)
Quiz Yourself on Claim Preclusion (Merger and Bar)	391	(1)
Collateral Estoppel	392	(18)
Effect	392	(1)
Issues to which collateral estoppel applies	393	(1)
Same issue	393	(1)
Actually litigated and decided	393	(1)
Issue essential to verdict	394	(1)
Foreseeability of future litigation	394	(1)
Courts of limited jurisdiction	394	(2)
Differences in burden of proof	396	(1)
Settlement	396	(1)
Findings of law	396	(2)
Where second decision fails to apply estoppel	398	(1)
Persons bound by collateral estoppel	398	(2)
Persons who can benefit from estoppel	400	(1)
Mutuality	400	(1)
Demise of mutuality	400	(1)
Offensive/defensive distinction	401	(1)
Offensive estoppel approved by Supreme Court	402	(1)
Factors in case-by-case analysis	403	(1)
Use of criminal conviction	404	(1)
Quiz Yourself on Collateral Estoppel	405	(5)
Full Faith and Credit	410	(9)
Scope	410	(1)
Effect	410	(1)
Misinterpretation of another state's law	410	(1)
Later decision binding	411	(1)
No duty to decisions of other countries	411	(1)
Full Faith and Credit to res judicata effect	411	(1)
Federal suit follows state suit	411	(3)
State suit follows federal suit	414	(1)
Quiz Yourself on Full Faith and Credit	414	(1)
Exam Tips on Former Adjudication	415	(4)
Essay Exam Questions and Answers	419	(10)
Table of Cases	429	(3)
Table of References to the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure	432	(3)
Table of References to the United States Code	435	(1)
Subject Matter Index	436