The Civil Rights Movement Struggle and Resistance, Third Edition

by Riches, William T. Martin

• ISBN13: 9780230237063
• ISBN10: 0230237061
• Edition: 3rd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2010-05-15
• Publisher: SPRINGER - VERLAG

Summary

The Civil Rights Movement in the United States struggled to create a nation. The Civil War ended de jure slavery but it needed the movement to dismantle laws designed to keep African Americans subordinated to white power. In this compelling introduction, William T. Martin Riches analyses the way African Americans developed a mass movement after World War II and overthrew state-enforced racial segregation despite fierce resistance from whites. Riches emphasizes how the movement influenced others seeking justice in America, and evaluates the coalitions formed to preserve gains threatened by the rise of the New Right. Thoroughly revised and updated in the light of the latest scholarship, the third edition ofThe Civil Rights Movement: sets the movement in its broader context stresses the changing role of black women, and their problems with the women's movement and black nationalism demonstrates the positive influence on some white southerners explores the key role played by the state and federal judiciaries assesses the administrations of George W. Bush examines the rise of Neo-Conservatism covers the presidential election campaign of 2008 and analyses Barack Obama's first months in office.The Civil Rights Movement will be essential reading for students and scholars of American History and American Studies.

Author Biography

William T. Martin Riches was formerly Senior Lecturer and Convenor of American Studies at the University of Ulster, Jordanstown.

Table of Contents

Preface to Third Edition	p. xii
Acknowledgements	p. xvi
Glossary	p. xviii
Acronyms	p. xxii
Basic Chronology	p. xxiv
Introduction	p. 1
Slavery and the Civil War	p. 2
Reconstruction	p. 3
Freedmen Abandoned	p. 4
The Depression and New Deal	p. 6
World War II	p. 7
Black Nationalism and Changing Attitudes	p. 7
Transformation Of Politics: Civil Rights 1945-58	p. 10
Fair Employment	p. 11
Democrats Transformed	p. 14
The 1948 Election	p. 15
Integrating the Military	p. 16
African Americans and Labour	p. 17
Eisenhower	p. 18
The Brown Decision	p. 18
Little Rock	p. 22
The FBI and Black America	p. 24
The 1957 Civil Rights Act	p. 25
Truman, the Cold War and Civil Rights	p. 26
Eisenhower and the Cold War	p. 29
Indochina	p. 30
African Nationalism	p. 31
Grass-Roots Struggle In the South	p. 33
Louisiana Protest	p. 35
Mrs Rosa Parks	p. 36
Martin Luther King Jr and the Boycott	p. 39
White Resistance	p. 41
'Not a One Man Show'	p. 43
White Sympathisers	p. 44
The Struggle Intensifies: JFK and a New Frontier?	p. 49
The Greensboro Sit-in	p. 49
The Nashville Sit-in	p. 51
King Meets Kennedy	p. 54
Executive Action	p. 56
The Freedom Rides	p. 58
The Integration of 'Ole Miss'	p. 59
Internal Divisions and External Pressures	p. 61
The Albany Movement	p. 62
King and Birmingham, Alabama	p. 63
The March on Washington	p. 65
Triumphs and Tragedies: LBJ, the Great Society and the limits of Liberalism	p. 68
The Civil Rights Act, 1964	p. 69
The Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party	p. 71
The 1964 Campaign	p. 75
The Challenge at Selma	p. 76
'Bloody Sunday' and the March to Montgomery	p. 77
The Voting Rights Act 1965	p. 80
Civil Rights and the Ant-Vietnam War Movement	p. 81
King Goes to Chicago	p. 82
The FBI and Martin Luther King Jr	p. 83
The Black Panther Party, Malcolm X and Black Power	p. 84
Black Nationalism and Black Women	p. 87
Murder in Memphis	p. 90
The New Right and Civil Rights	p. 93
Chicago, 1968	p. 93
Nixon's Southern Strategy	p. 95
SCLC and the Charleston Hospital Workers' Strike	p. 97
Nixon and Abernathy	p. 98
Nixon and Affirmative Action	p. 99
Supreme Court Nominations	p. 101
School Desegregation	p. 102
Bussing and Desegregation in Northern Schools	p. 104
Shirley Chisholm: The First Black Woman to Seek the Presidency	p. 105
The Politics of Euphemism	p. 106
Black Capitalism	p. 107
Civil Rights and President Gerald Ford	p. 109
Ronald Reagan and the New Right	p. 111
Was Reagan a Racist?	p. 112
The New Right Budget	p. 114
The Commission on Civil Rights and the IRS	p. 116
Renewal of the Voting Rights Act	p. 118
Affirmative Action	p. 119
The Legacy of Ronald Reagan	p. 119
Transformation: A New South?	p. 121
The Senator	p. 123
The President	p. 127
The Black Congressmen, the Dixie Governor and Two Mayors	p. 130
The Judge - Frank Johnson	p. 131
The White Students	p. 134
David Duke and the Old South	p. 139
Willie Horton and the Southern Strategy Bush Sr	p. 141
Willie Horton and the 1988 Campaign	p. 142
Rodney King and the LA Police	p. 146
'A Kinder, Gentler America'	p. 146
Bush Sr and Civil Rights	p. 147
Appointing a Judge	p. 149
African Americans in Mississippi	p. 151
Women of Colour and the New Conservatism	p. 153
George H. Bush and the Gay Community	p. 155
Civil Rights for the Disabled	p. 157
The 1992 Campaign	p. 158
A Third Way From Hope?	p. 160
African Americans and Clinton's Campaign	p. 163
The First Black Woman Senator	p. 164
African American Appointments	p. 164
Losing Battles?	p. 165
The Million Man March	p. 168
Clinton and the Supreme Court	p. 169
The War on Crime	p. 171
Drugs and Racism: The Coke Issue	p. 173
Health Care Proposal	p. 176
Welfare Reform	p. 178
Voter Registration: 'The Motor Voter Act'	p. 181
Clinton and Women of Colour	p. 182
Clinton, Powell and Gays in the Military	p. 184
His Popularity with African Americans	p. 186
Home to Harlem	p. 187
1876 and All That	p. 188
The Gore Campaign of 2000	p. 189
The Republican Nomination Battle	p. 189
The Strange Election of 2000	p. 191
The Supreme Court Decides	p. 194
Questions About the Election of 2004	p. 195
Bush in Office	p. 196
A Disciple of Reagan and Clinton?	p. 197
Appointments	p. 197
The End of History and the Movement?	p. 200
Malcolm X and Black Conservatism	p. 201
Bush Triumphs with Supreme Court	p. 202
The Nomination of Judge Pickering	p. 204
The Resignation of Trent Lott	p. 205
Bush and Affirmative Action	p. 206
Hurricane Katrina	p. 208
'Gagging on the Donkey'	p. 209
The Rich Get Richer	p. 210
The Law and Discrimination	p. 211
Where Have All the (Male) Leaders Gone?	p. 212
Old and New Alliances	p. 215
Congressional Black Caucus	p. 215
Black Power in the States	p. 216
Governors	p. 217
Mayors	p. 217
Environmental Coalition	p. 218
Labour	p. 219
Abortion and Gay Rights	p. 220
The Patriot Act and its Consequences	p. 222
'Post-Racial' America?	p. 224
Religion and Race	p. 224
The Audacity of Barack Obama	p. 225
Post-Racial Politics?	p. 227
Iowa and New Hampshire	p. 228
Race and the Democratic Primary Campaign	p. 229
The End of Culture Wars? The Democratic Convention	p. 232
Pressing the Self-destruct Button	p. 233
The First African American President	p. 235
Executive Orders	p. 236
Appointments	p. 237
It's the Economy	p. 239
Courting Problems	p. 240
Bibliography	p. 243
Index	p. 253
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved.