Civil War Archive The History of the American Civil War in Documents

by Bruun, Erik; Commager, H. S.

• ISBN13: 9781579121105
• ISBN10: 1579121101
• Edition: Revised
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2000-05-01
• Publisher: Black Dog & Leventhal

Summary

In the same successful format as Our Nation's Archive (1-57912-067-9), The Civil War Archive presents the full story of the war between the states in documents direct from the minds, pens and hearts of the men and women who experienced it.Hundreds of papers, letters, memoirs -- culled from family records, private correspondences, public archives and a variety of other sources -- trace the war from the nomination of Abraham Lincoln, through violent battles at Bull Run, to the surrender of Lee at Appomattox, Reconstruction and beyond. Messages from lonely mothers at home, stories from soldiers on the front lines, lyrics to rousing battle hymns, confidential communications among officers - these primary documents render history in its rawest form and depict the war's impact on every spectrum of American society.Expanding upon Henry Steele Commager's critically-acclaimed two-volume The Blue and the Gray, editor Erik Bruun brings to light new material that presents the Civil War through a contemporary lens, taking into account previously under-represented perspectives of blacks in the Civil War and including new sections on the war's aftermath and Reconstruction.Entries are arranged chronologically, allowing The Civil War Archive to be read as a start-to-finish narrative of the war and its aftermath. In addition, each document is indexed by author and title, so history buffs can reference each piece by source or subject.

Author Biography

Erik Bruun has been a reporter, editor, and freelance writer for more than twenty years. His books include Our Nation's Archive and American Values and Virtues. In his home community, he has taken a leadership role in several organizations that advocate for social change. He has three children.

Henry Steele Commager has had a long and distinguished career as a teacher and historian. His academic credentials include posts at New York University, Duke, Harvard, the University of Chicago, the University of California, Columbia and Amherst. Simultaneously, he has had a remarkable literary output since his first widely acclaimed book in 1930, The Growth of the American Republic, written in collaboration with Samuel Elliot Morison.

Table of Contents

Preface	23	(2)
Erik Bruun
Foreword	25	(4)
Douglas Southall Freeman
Introduction	29	(10)
Henry Steele Commager
I. DARKENING CLOUDS	39	(26)
Abraham Lincoln Is Nominated in the Wigwam	39	(3)
Murat Halstead
``First Gallant South Carolina Nobly Made the Stand''	42	(1)
South Carolina Ordinance of Secession	42	(1)
South Carolina Declaration of Causes of Secession	42	(1)
``She Has Left Us in Passion and Pride''	43	(1)
Oliver Wendell Holmes
Lincoln Refuses to Compromise on Slavery	44	(1)
Abraham Lincoln
Letter to E. B. Washburne	44	(1)
Letter to James T. Hale	45	(1)
Letter to W. H. Seward	45	(1)
Mayor Fernando Wood Recommends the Secession of New York	45	(2)
Fernando Wood
Lincoln Is Inaugurated	47	(3)
Herndon Describes the Inauguration	47	(1)
William H. Herndon
The Public Man Attends the Inauguration	48	(2)
``We Are Not Enemies But Friends''	50	(1)
Abraham Lincoln
Mr. Lincoln Hammers Out a Cabinet	51	(1)
Thurlow Weed
Seward Tries to Take Charge of the Lincoln Administration	52	(2)
Memorandum from Secretary Seward	53	(1)
W. H. Seward
Reply to Secretary Seward's Memorandum	53	(1)
Abraham Lincoln
The Confederacy Organizes at Montgomery	54	(2)
T. C. DeLeon
Constitution of the Confederate States of America	56	(2)
A War Clerk Describes Davis and His Cabinet	58	(1)
J. B. Jones
Sam Houston Refuses to Go with His State	59	(2)
Sam Houston
Inaugural Address of Jefferson Davis	61	(4)
Jefferson Davis
II. THE CONFLICT PRECIPITATED	65	(18)
Mrs. Chesnut Watches the Attack on Fort Sumter	65	(4)
Mary Boykin Chesnut
Abner Doubleday Defends Fort Sumter	69	(2)
Abner Doubleday
``The Heather Is on Fire''	71	(4)
An Indiana Farm Boy Hears the News	72	(1)
Theodore Upson
``There Is But One Thought---The Stars and Stripes''	72	(2)
Horace Binney
``One Great Eagle Scream''	74	(1)
Jane Stuart Woolsey
``The Spirit of Virginia Cannot Be Crushed''	75	(2)
John Tyler
Julia Tyler
``I Am Filled with Horror at the Condition of Our Country''	77	(1)
Jonathan Worth
A Northern Democrat Urges Peaceful Separation	78	(1)
J. L. O'Sullivan
``The Race of Philip Sidneys Is Not Extinct''	79	(1)
John Lothrop Motley
The Supreme Court Upholds the Constitution	80	(3)
Robert Grier
III. THE GATHERING OF THE HOSTS	83	(22)
``Our People Are All United''	84	(1)
Henry William Ravenel
Southern Ladies Send Their Men Off to War	85	(2)
Mary A. Ward
The North Builds a Vast Army Overnight	87	(2)
Edward Dicey
Northern Boys Join the Ranks	89	(4)
Warren Goss Enlists in the Union Army	89	(1)
Warren Lee Goss
Lieutenant Favill Raises a Company and Gets a Commission	90	(2)
Josiah M. Favill
``We Thought the Rebellion Would Be Over Before Our Chance Would Come''	92	(1)
Michael Fitch
Baltimore Mobs Attack the Sixth Massachusetts	93	(3)
Frederic Emory
Frank Wilkeson Goes South with Blackguards, Thieves, and Bounty Jumpers	96	(2)
Frank Wilkeson
Supplying the Confederacy with Arms and Ammunition	98	(1)
E. P. Alexander
How the Army of Northern Virginia Got Its Ordnance	99	(2)
William Allan
Secretary Benjamin Recalls the Mistakes of the Confederate Congress	101	(1)
Judah P. Benjamin
Northern Ordnance	102	(3)
IV. BULL RUN AND THE PENINSULAR CAMPAIGN	105	(26)
A Confederate Doctor Describes the Victory at First Bull Run	106	(2)
J. C. Nott
``Bull Run Russell'' Reports the Rout of the Federals	108	(4)
William Howard Russell
Stonewall Jackson Credits God with the Victory	112	(1)
Thomas J. Jackson
``The Capture of Washington Seems Inevitable''	113	(1)
Edwin M. Stanton
McClellan Opens the Peninsular Campaign	113	(2)
George B. McClellan
General Wool Takes Norfolk	115	(2)
Egbert L. Viele
The Army of the Potomac Marches to Meet McClellan	117	(1)
Sallie Putnam
R. E. Lee Takes Command	117	(2)
Evander M. Law
``Beauty'' Stuart Rides Around McClellan's Army	119	(4)
John Esten Cooke
Oliver Norton Fights Like a Madman at Gaines' Mill	123	(2)
Oliver W. Norton
The End of Seven Days	125	(3)
The Federals Are Forced Back at White Oak Swamp	125	(1)
Thomas L. Livermore
Captain Livermore Fights at Malvern Hill	126	(2)
Thomas L. Livermore
Richard Auchmuty Reviews the Peninsular Campaign	128	(3)
Richard Auchmuty
V. STONEWALL JACKSON AND THE VALLEY CAMPAIGN	131	(14)
Dick Taylor Campaigns with Jackson in the Valley	132	(6)
Richard Taylor
Taylor's Irishmen Capture a Battery at Port Republic	138	(2)
Richard Taylor
Colonel Wolseley Visits Stonewall Jackson	140	(1)
Lord Wolseley
Henry Kyd Douglas Remembers Stonewall Jackson	141	(4)
Henry Kyd Douglas
VI. SECOND BULL RUN AND ANTIETAM	145	(38)
``Who Could Not Conquer with Such Troops as These?''	146	(1)
Robert L. Dabney
Jackson Outsmarts and Outfights Pope at Manassas	147	(2)
John H. Chamberlayne
Pope Wastes His Strength on Jackson	149	(3)
David M. Strother
Longstreet Overwhelms Pope at Manassas	152	(5)
Alexander Hunter
``Little Mac'' Is Reappointed to Command	157	(2)
``To Fight Is Not His Forte''	157	(1)
Gideon Welles
General Sherman Explains Why He Cannot Like McClellan	158	(1)
William T. Sherman
``Little Mac's A-Coming''	158	(1)
Oliver W. Norton
McClellan ``Saves His Country'' Twice	159	(4)
George B. McClellan
McClellan Finds the Lost Order	163	(1)
George B. McClellan
McClellan Forces Turner's Gap and Crampton's Gap	164	(2)
David M. Strother
The Bloodiest Day of the War	166	(4)
David M. Strother
Hooker Hammers the Confederate Left---in Vain	170	(5)
Wisconsin Boys Are Slaughtered in the Cornfield	171	(2)
Rufus R. Dawes
McLaws to the Rescue of Hood	173	(2)
James A. Graham
The Desperate Fighting along Bloody Lane	175	(4)
Thomas Livermore Puts on His War Paint	175	(2)
Thomas L. Livermore
General Gordon Is Wounded Five Times at Antietam	177	(2)
John B. Gordon
``The Whole Landscape Turns Red'' at Antietam	179	(4)
David I. Thompson
VII. FREDERICKSBURG AND CHANCELLORSVILLE	183	(22)
Lincoln Urges McClellan to Advance	184	(1)
Abraham Lincoln
Burnside Blunders at Fredericksburg	185	(5)
The Yankees Attack Marye's Heights	185	(3)
William H. Owen
The Irish Brigade Is Repulsed on Marye's Hill	188	(1)
J. P. Polley
The 5th New Hampshire to the Rescue	189	(1)
John R. McCrillis
The Gallant Pelham at Fredericksburg	190	(2)
John Esten Cooke
Night on the Field of Fredericksburg	192	(2)
J. L. Chamberlain
Lincoln Appoints Hooker to the Command of the Army	194	(1)
Abraham Lincoln
Lee Whips Hooker at Chancellorsville	195	(3)
Charles F. Morse
Pleasonton Stops the Confederates at Hazel Grove	198	(2)
Alfred Pleasonton
Stuart and Anderson Link Up at Chancellorsville	200	(2)
Heros von Borcke
Lee Loses His Right Arm	202	(3)
James Power Smith
VIII. HOW THE SOLDIERS LIVED: EASTERN FRONT	205	(22)
Theodore Winthrop Recalls a Typical Day at Camp Cameron	205	(2)
Theodore Winthrop
Abner Small Paints a Portrait of a Private in the Army of the Potomac	207	(2)
Abner Small
Life with the Thirteenth Massachusetts	209	(3)
Charles E. Davis
Minutiae of Soldier Life in the Army of Northern Virginia	212	(4)
Carlton McCarthy
Inventions and Gadgets Used by the Soldiers	216	(1)
John D. Billings
Hardtack and Coffee	217	(3)
John D. Billings
``Starvation, Rags, Dirt, and Vermin''	220	(2)
Randolph Abbott Shotwell
Voting in the Field	222	(1)
Electioneering in the Camps	222	(1)
James A. Leonard
President Lincoln Needs the Soldier Vote	222	(1)
Abraham Lincoln
Red Tape, North and South	223	(2)
Dunn Browne Has Trouble with the War Department	223	(1)
Samuel Fiske
A Confederate Lieutenant Complains That Red-Tapeism Will Lose the War	224	(1)
Randolph Abbott Shotwell
The Confederates Get Religion	225	(2)
Religion in the Confederate Army	225	(1)
Benjamin W. Jones
John Dooley Describes Prayer Meetings	226	(1)
John Dooley
IX. INCIDENTS OF ARMY LIFE: EASTERN FRONT	227	(18)
How It Feels to Be under Fire	227	(2)
Frank Holsinger
Fitz John Porter Views the Confederates from a Balloon	229	(2)
George A. Townsend
Stuart's Ball Is Interrupted by the Yankees	231	(2)
Heros von Borcke
Foreigners Fight in the Northern Army	233	(2)
George B. McClellan
With ``Extra Billy'' Smith at York	235	(2)
Robert Stiles
Blue and Gray Fraternize on the Picket Line	237	(1)
Alexander Hunter
Life with the Mosby Guerrillas	238	(2)
John W. Munson
Rebel and Yankee Yells	240	(1)
J. Harvie Dew
Women Among the Ranks	241	(4)
Letters of Sarah Rosetta Wakeman, Alias Private Lyons Wakeman	242	(1)
Sarah Rosetta Wakeman
Exploits of Mrs. Major Belle Reynolds	243	(2)
Peoria Daily Transcript
X. FROM FORT DONELSON TO STONES RIVER	245	(20)
Grant Wins his Spurs at Belmont	245	(2)
Eugene Lawrence
U. S. Grant Becomes Unconditional Surrender Grant	247	(5)
With the Dixie Grays at Shiloh	252	(5)
Sir Henry Morton Stanley
An Illinois Private Fights at the Hornet's Nest	257	(5)
Leander Stillwell
The Orphan Brigade Is Shattered at Stones River	262	(3)
L. D. Young
XI. THE STRUGGLE FOR MISSOURI AND THE WEST	265	(18)
Cotton Is King at the Battle of Lexington	265	(3)
Samuel Phillips Day
Guerrilla Warfare in Missouri	268	(2)
William Monks
The Tide Turns at Pea Ridge	270	(2)
Franz Sigel
The Confederates Scatter after Pea Ridge	272	(3)
William Watson
Quantrill and His Guerrillas Sack Lawrence	275	(2)
Gurdon Grovenor
Colonel Bailey Dams the Red River	277	(3)
David D. Porter
Price Invades the North and Is Defeated at Westport	280	(3)
Wiley Britton
XII. HOW THE SOLDIERS LIVED: WESTERN FRONT	283	(18)
John Chipman Gray Views the Western Soldier	283	(1)
John Chipman Gray
A Wisconsin Boy Complains of the Hardships of Training	284	(1)
Chauncey H. Cooke
Religion and Play in the Army of the Tennessee	285	(3)
Jenkin Lloyd Jones
The Great Revival in the Army of Tennessee	288	(1)
T. J. Stokes
From Reveille to Taps	289	(4)
George Ward Nichols
An Indiana Boy Reassures His Mother about Morals in the Army	293	(1)
Theodore Upson
Graft and Corruption in the Confederate Commissary	294	(1)
William Watson
The Soldiers Get Paid and the Sutler Gets the Money	295	(2)
Charles B. Johnson
Song and Play in the Army of Tennessee	297	(4)
Theatricals in the Army	297	(1)
Good Cheer in the Ranks	298	(3)
Bromfield Ridley
XIII. INCIDENTS OF ARMY LIFE: WESTERN FRONT	301	(24)
Mark Twain Recalls a Campaign That Failed	301	(8)
Mark Twain
Major Connolly Loses Faith in the Chivalry of the South	309	(3)
James Connolly
The Great Locomotive Chase in Georgia	312	(7)
William Pittenger
A Badger Boy Meets the Originals of Uncle Tom's Cabin	319	(1)
Chauncey H. Cooke
The Confederates Escape in the Teche Country	320	(4)
W. De Forest
General Wilson Raises His Cavalry the Hard Way	324	(1)
James H. Wilson
XIV. THE PROBLEM OF DISCIPLINE	325	(26)
Thomas Wentworth Higginson Explains the Value of Trained Officers	326	(4)
Thomas W. Higginson
``It Does Not Suit Our Fellows to Be Commanded Much''	330	(1)
Charles F. Johnson
Conduct Unbecoming an Officer	331	(2)
Robert C. Murphy
William S. Rosecrans
Ulysses S. Grant
A Camp of Skulkers at Cedar Mountain	333	(1)
George A. Townsend
``The Army Is Becoming Awfully Depraved''	333	(2)
Charles W. Wills
Robert Gould Shaw Complains that War Is a Dirty Business	335	(1)
Robert Gould Shaw
The Yankee Invaders Pillage and Burn	336	(7)
``The Soldiers Delight in Destroying Everything''	337	(1)
Francis Edwin Pierce
The Yankees Sack Sarah Morgan's Home	337	(3)
Sarah Morgan Dawson
Grierson's Raiders on a Rampage	340	(2)
Elizabeth Jane Beach
``Oh, Earth, Behold the Monster!''	342	(1)
Henrietta Lee
Punishments in the Union and Confederate Armies	343	(3)
Punishments in the Army of the Potomac	344	(1)
Frank Wilkeson
Punishments in the Army of Northern Virginia	345	(1)
John Dooley
Executing Deserters	346	(1)
General Sheridan Executes Two Deserters at Chattanooga	346	(1)
Washington Gardner
Executing Deserters from the Confederate Army	347	(1)
Spencer Glascow Welch
General Lee Discusses the Problem of Discipline	347	(3)
The Need for Punishment as a Deterrant	348	(1)
Robert E. Lee
``We Cannot Escape the Disgrace that Attends these Evildoers''	349	(1)
Robert E. Lee
Sex in the Civil War	350	(1)
XV. GREAT BRITAIN AND THE AMERICAN CIVIL WAR	351	(22)
Henry Ravenel Expects Foreign Intervention	352	(1)
Henry William Ravenel
Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine Rejoices in the Break-Up of the Union	352	(2)
George Ticknor Explains the War to His English Friends	354	(2)
George Ticknor
Captain Wilkes Seizes Mason and Slidell	356	(2)
D. Macneill Fairfax
``Shall It Be Love, Or Hate, John?''	358	(2)
Russell Lowell
Palmerston and Russell Discuss Intervention	360	(2)
Lord John Russell
Viscount Palmerston
``An Error, the Most Singular and Palpable''	362	(1)
William E. Gladstone
The English Press Condemns the Emancipation Proclamation	363	(2)
Manchester Workingmen Stand by the Union	365	(2)
``We Are Truly One People''	365	(1)
Manchester Workingmen
``An Instance of Sublime Christian Heroism''	366	(1)
Abraham Lincoln
Richard Cobden Rejoices in the Emancipation Proclamation	367	(1)
Richard Cobden
English Aristocrats Organize for Southern Independence	368	(2)
``The Reasons Why Great Britain is Averse to Recognise Us''	370	(1)
Minister Adams Points Out That This Is War	371	(2)
Charles Francis Adams
XVI. SONGS THE SOLDIERS SANG	373	(16)
Dixie	373	(1)
Dan D. Emmett
The Bonnie Blue Flag	374	(1)
Harry McCarthy
John Brown's Body	375	(1)
Thomas B. Bishop
All Quiet along the Potomac	375	(1)
Ethel Lynn Beers
Marching Along	376	(1)
William Batchelder Bradbury
Maryland! My Maryland!	377	(1)
James R. Randall
The Battle Hymn of the Republic	377	(2)
Writing ``The Battle Hymn of the Republic''	378	(1)
Julia Ward Howe
The Battle Hymn of the Republic	378	(1)
Julia Ward Howe
``The Battle Hymn of the Republic'' in Libby Prison	379	(1)
Laura E. Richards
Maud Howe Elliot
We Are Coming, Father Abraham	379	(1)
James Sloan Gibbons
The Battle-Cry of Freedom	380	(1)
George P. Root
Tramp, Tramp, Tramp	381	(1)
George P. Root
Just Before the Battle, Mother	381	(1)
George F. Root
Tenting Tonight	382	(1)
Walter Kittredge
Marching Through Georgia	382	(1)
Henry Clay Work
Mister, Here's Your Mule	383	(3)
Mister, Here's Your Mule	383	(1)
Do They Miss Me in the Trenches	384	(1)
J. W. Naff
We Are the Boys of Potomac's Ranks	384	(1)
Goober Peas	385	(1)
A. Pender
Grafted into the Army	385	(1)
Henry Clay Work
Lorena	386	(1)
H. D. L. Webster
When Johnny Comes Marching Home	387	(2)
Patrick S. Gilmore
XVII. POEMS OF THE CIVIL WAR	389	(16)
Poet Laureate of the South	389	(3)
Henry Timrod
Ethnogenesis	389	(2)
Carolina	391	(1)
Ode	391	(1)
The Death of Slavery	392	(1)
William Cullen Bryant
Barbara Frietchie	393	(1)
John Greenleaf Whittier
``Oh, Mother, look down from Heav'n on me''	394	(4)
The Drummer Boy of Shiloh	394	(1)
Little Giffen	395	(1)
Francis Orrery Ticknor
Killed at the Ford	395	(1)
Henry Wadsworth Longfellow
Vigil Strange I Kept on the Field One Night	396	(1)
Walt Whitman
Come Up From the Fields Father	396	(1)
Walt Whitman
Dirge for a Soldier	397	(1)
George Henry Boker
The Honored General	398	(1)
Lee to the Rear	398	(1)
John Reuben Thompson
Robert E. Lee	399	(1)
Julia Ward Howe
O Captain! My Captain!	399	(1)
Walt Whitman
Driving Home the Cows	400	(1)
Kate Putnam Osgood
The Artilleryman's Vision	401	(1)
Walt Whitman
The Conquered Banner	402	(1)
Abram Joseph Ryan
The Blue and the Gray	402	(3)
Francis Miles Finch
XVIII. GETTYSBURG	405	(34)
General Lee Decides to Take the Offensive	406	(1)
Robert E. Lee
General Lee Invades Pennsylvania	407	(1)
William S. Christian
The Armies Converge on Gettysburg	408	(3)
Henry J. Hunt
Buford and Reynolds Hold up the Confederate Advance	411	(2)
Joseph G. Rosengarten
A Boy Cannoneer Describes Hard Fighting on the First day	413	(4)
Augustus Buell
The Struggle for Little Round Top	417	(7)
General Warren Seizes Little Round Top	417	(2)
Porter Farley
Colonel Oates Almost Captures Little Round Top	419	(3)
William C. Oates
The 20th Maine Saves Little Round Top	422	(2)
Theodore Gerrish
High Tide at Gettysburg	424	(11)
Alexander Gives the Signal to Start	425	(3)
E.P. Alexander
Armistead Falls Beside the Enemy's Battery	428	(1)
James Longstreet
``The Crest Is Safe''	429	(4)
Frank A. Haskell
``All This Will Come Right in the End''	433	(2)
A.J. Fremantle
General Lee Offers to Resign after Gettysburg	435	(2)
Robert E. Lee
Jefferson Davis
``Bells Are Ringing Wildly''	437	(1)
William Thompson Lusk
A Far From Glorious Fourth	437	(1)
George E. Pickett
``A New Birth of Freedom''	438	(1)
Abraham Lincoln
XIX. VICKSBURG AND PORT HUDSON	439	(22)
``Onward to Vicksburg''	440	(5)
Charles E. Wilcox
A Union Woman Suffers Through the Siege of Vicksburg	445	(4)
Anonymous
Hotel de Vicksburg	449	(1)
Vicksburg Surrenders	450	(4)
General Banks Takes Port Hudson	454	(1)
Eating Mules at Port Hudson	454	(1)
Anonymous
Blue and Gray Fraternize after the Surrender of Port Hudson	455	(1)
Anonymous
``The father of Waters Again Goes Unvexed to the Sea''	455	(1)
Abraham Lincoln
General Morgan Invades the North	456	(5)
Morgan's Cavalrymen Sweep Through Kentucky	456	(3)
Colonel Alston
Morgan's Raid Comes to an Inglorious End	459	(2)
James B. McCreary
XX. PRISONS, NORTH AND SOUTH	461	(12)
Abner Small Suffers in Danville Prison	461	(2)
Abner Small
Suffering in Andersonville Prison	463	(1)
Eliza F. Andrews
The Bright Side of Libby Prison	464	(2)
Frank E. Moran
The Awful Conditions at Fort Delaware	466	(3)
Randolph Abbott Shotwell
The Privations of Life in Elmira Prison	469	(4)
Marcus B. Toney
XXI. BEHIND THE LINES: THE NORTH	473	(26)
Washington as a Camp	473	(2)
Noah Brooks
Walt Whitman Looks Around in Wartime Washington	475	(2)
Walt Whitman
Matthew Brady's ``The Dead at Antietam''	477	(3)
The New York Times
Anna Dickinson Sees the Draft Riots in New York City	480	(3)
Anna E. Dickinson
The Army of Lobbyists and Speculators	483	(1)
Regis de Trobriand
Charles A. Dana Helps Stop Frauds in the War Department	484	(2)
Charles A. Dana
Colonel Barker Outwits Bounty Jumpers and Brokers	486	(3)
L.C. Baker
Doings in Nevada	489	(1)
Mark Twain
Confederate Plots Against the North	490	(5)
A Confederate Plan to Seize Johnson's Island Is Frustrated	490	(1)
H.B. Brown
Confederates Raid Vermont	491	(2)
John W. Headley
The Confederates Attempt to Burn New York	493	(2)
John W. Headley
War Weariness	495	(3)
A Sense of Infinite Weariness	495	(1)
Nathaniel Hawthorne
New-Jersey Peace Resolutions	496	(1)
Protest of the New-Jersey Soldiers	497	(1)
Election of 1864	498	(1)
Henry Brook Adams
XXII. BEHIND THE LINES: THE SOUTH	499	(22)
A War Clerk Suffers Scarcities in Richmond	499	(4)
J.B. Jones
Mr. Eggleston Recalls When Money Was Plentiful	503	(2)
George C. Eggleston
Jews in the Confederacy	505	(2)
Rabbi Maximilian Michelbacher
Parthenia Hague Tells How Women Outwitted the Blockade	507	(2)
Parthenia A. Hague
The Confederates Burn Their Cotton	509	(1)
Sarah Morgan Dawson
``The Yankees Are Coming''	510	(2)
Mary A. Ward
``The Lives Which Women Have Lead Since Troy Fell''	512	(1)
Julia LeGrand
``They Must Reap the Whirlwind''	513	(1)
William T. Sherman
``I Do Want to See You So Much''	513	(1)
Loulie Gilmer
``They Are Intelligent on All Subjects but that of Negro Slavery, on This They Are Mad''	514	(1)
Resistance at Home	515	(2)
President Davis Quells a Food Riot in Richmond	515	(1)
J.B. Jones
Deaths From Starvation Have Absolutely Occurred	516	(1)
Georgia's Governor Laments Davis' Despotism	517	(1)
Joseph E. Brown
Peace at Any Price	518	(1)
Jonathan Worth
``The Man Who Held His Conscience Higher Than Their Praise''	519	(2)
Petigru Monument
XXIII. HOSPITALS, SURGEONS, AND NURSES	521	(18)
George Townsend Describes the Wounded on the Peninsula	521	(3)
George A. Townsend
The Sanitary Commission to the Rescue	524	(2)
Katharine Wormeley
Clara Barton Surmounts the Faithlessness of Union Officers	526	(1)
Clara Barton
Susan Blackford Nurses the Wounded at Lynchburg	527	(1)
Susan Blackford
Cornelia Hancock Nurses Soldiers and Contrabands	528	(3)
Cornelia Hancock
The Ghastly Work of the Field Surgeons	531	(2)
The Heartlessness of the Surgeons	531	(1)
Samuel Edmund Nichols
The Horrors of the Wilderness	532	(1)
Augustus C. Brown
Hospital Sketches	533	(3)
Louisa May Alcott
The Regimental Hospital	536	(3)
Charles B. Johnson
XXIV. THE AFRICAN-AMERICAN EXPERIENCE	539	(26)
``You Debauched a Young Negro Girl''	540	(1)
Charles Colcock Jones
No Choice But Escape	541	(1)
``The Alligators Preferred Dog Flesh to Personal Flesh''	541	(1)
Octave Johnson
Confederate Officer Tracks Down Runaway Slaves	541	(1)
Samuel E. Hope
The Proclamation and the Negro Army	542	(1)
Frederick Douglass
Black Soldiers Serve Bravely	543	(3)
``Unequaled Coolness and Bravery''	544	(1)
Elias D. Strunke
Silencing the ``Jeers and Taunts''	544	(2)
James S. Brisbin
Thomas Wentworth Higginson Celebrates Life in a Black Regiment	546	(3)
Thomas W. Higginson
Standing Up for the Rights of Black Soldiers	549	(4)
``Are We Soldiers, or Are We Labourors?''	550	(1)
James Henry Gooding
James W. Grace
Hannah Johnson to Abraham Lincoln	551	(1)
Hannah Johnson
Black Regiment Petitions Government for Redress	552	(1)
Richard Etheredge
Wm. Benson
Hardships of an Unequal Freedom	553	(1)
Contrabands Experience Hardships	553	(1)
Samuel Sawyer
Pearl P. Ingall
J. G. Forman
``A Sense of Disgust Must Be Awakened''	554	(1)
S.R. Curtis
The Fate of Black Soldier---And Those Left Behind	554	(3)
``The Whole Government Gives Cheer to Me''	555	(1)
``I Am in Too Much Trouble''	556	(1)
Martha Glover
``I Wish That His Back Had Been as Deeply Scarred''	556	(1)
General Edward A. Wild
``If We Are Regarded as Evil Here''	557	(1)
Edward A. Wild
``A Great Desire for Knowledge''	558	(1)
Charlotte Forten
Tennessee Petition	559	(6)
XXV. A WAR FOR EMANCIPATION	565	(22)
Slavery, the Cornerstone of the Confederacy	566	(1)
Alexander Stephens
``This Imbecile Pro-slavery Government Does Try Me So''	567	(1)
Lydia Maria Child
The Problem of Contrabands	568	(2)
General Butler's ``Contrabands''	568	(1)
Benjamin F. Butler
Fremont's Proclamation on Slaves	569	(1)
J.C. Fremont
Messages to Congress on Compensated Emancipation	570	(3)
The Gradual Abolishment of Slavery	570	(1)
Abraham Lincoln
``We Cannot Escape History''	571	(2)
Abraham Lincoln
``My Paramount Object is to Save the Union''	573	(2)
``The Prayer of Twenty Millions''	574	(1)
Horace Greeley
``I Would Save the Union''	574	(1)
Abraham Lincoln
Lincoln Becomes the Great Emancipator	575	(2)
Secretary Chase Recalls a Famous Cabinet Meeting	575	(2)
Salmon P. Chase
``Forever Free''	577	(1)
Abraham Lincoln
Reactions to the Emancipation Proclamation	577	(4)
The Day of Jubilee Comes	578	(1)
Frederick Douglass
Illinois State Legislature Opposes Emancipation Proclamation	579	(1)
Kentucky Union Officer Objects to Emancipation	579	(1)
Marcellus Mundy
Jefferson Davis Replies to the Emancipation Proclamation	580	(1)
Jefferson Davis
A Note on the Emancipation Proclamation	581	(1)
A War for Liberty	581	(1)
David Porter
Arming Slaves for the Confederate Army	582	(1)
``Abolitionists Were the Only Traitors''	582	(2)
``The Country Was Formed for the White, Not for the Black Man''	582	(1)
John Wilkes Booth
Emancipation Arrives in Texas	583	(1)
Anonymous
``The Work of the Abolitionists Is Not Done''	584	(3)
Frederick Douglass
XXVI. THE COAST AND INLAND WATERS	587	(30)
The Merrimac and the Monitor	588	(4)
The Minnesota Fights for Her Life in Hampton Roads	588	(2)
Captain Van Brunt
The Monitor Repels the Merrimac	590	(2)
S.D. Green
Commodore Farragut Captures New Orleans	592	(2)
George H. Perkins
New Orleans Falls to the Yankees	594	(3)
Julia LeGrand Describes the Surrender of New Orleans	594	(1)
Julea LeGrand
General Butler Outrages the Moral Sentiment of the World	595	(1)
Benjamin F. Butler
Palmerston Protests Butler's Proclamations	595	(1)
Viscount Palmerston
``A More Impudent Proceeding Cannot Be Discovered''	596	(1)
Benjamin Moran
Ellet's Steam Rams Smash the Confederate Fleet at Memphis	597	(3)
Alfred W. Ellet
Attack and Repulse at Battery Wagner	600	(2)
Farragut Damns the Torpedoes at Mobile Bay	602	(6)
John C. Kinney
Lieutenant Cushing Torpedoes the Albermarle	608	(2)
W.B. Cushing
The Confederates Repulse an Attack on Fort Fisher	610	(3)
William Lamb
``It Beat Anything in History''	613	(4)
Augustus Buell
XXVII. THE BLOCKADE AND THE CRUISERS	617	(18)
The United States Navy Blockades the Confederacy	618	(4)
Horatio L. Wait
The Robert E. Lee Runs the Blockade	622	(2)
John Wilkinson
The Rob Roy Runs the Blockade out of Havana	624	(3)
William Watson
Blockade-Runners Supply Charleston	627	(1)
W.F.G. Peck
Confederate Privateers Harry Northern Merchantmen	628	(1)
The Ivy Prowls Outside New Orleans	628	(1)
M. Repard
The Jefferson Davis Takes a Prize off Delaware	629	(1)
Captain Fitfield
The Georgia Fires the Bold Hunter	629	(2)
James M. Morgan
The Kearsarge Sinks the Alabama off Cherbourg	631	(4)
John McIntosh Kell
XXVIII. CHICKAMAUGA AND CHATTANOOGA	635	(22)
The Federals Oppose Hood with Desperation	636	(2)
James R. Carnahan
Thomas Stands Like a Rock at Chickamauga	638	(4)
Longstreet Breaks the Federal Line	639	(1)
Daniel H. Hill
Thomas Holds the Horseshoe Ridge	640	(2)
Gates P. Thruston
Chattanooga under Siege	642	(3)
W.F.G. Shanks
Hooker Wins the ``Battle Above the Clouds''	645	(2)
Joseph G. Fullerton
The Army of the Cumberland Carries Missionary Ridge	647	(5)
``First One Flag, Then Another, Leads''	647	(2)
William A. Morgan
``Amid the Din of Battle `Chickamauga' Could Be Heard''	649	(3)
James Connolly
``The Disaster Admits of No Palliation''	652	(1)
Braxton Bragg
Burnside Holds Out at Knoxville	653	(4)
Henry S. Burrage
XXIX. ATLANTA AND THE MARCH TO THE SEA	657	(26)
General Sherman Takes Command	658	(1)
John Chipman Gray
Sherman Marches from Chattanooga to Atlanta	659	(2)
William T. Sherman
Johnston Halts Sherman at New Hope Church	661	(2)
Joseph E. Johnston
Joe Johnston Gives Way to Hood	663	(2)
President Davis Removes General Johnston before Atlanta	663	(1)
Jefferson Davis
General Johnston Justifies Himself	664	(1)
Joseph E. Johnston
Hardee Wins and Loses the Battle of Atlanta	665	(3)
Richard S. Tuthill
``You Might as Well Appeal Against the Thunder-Storm''	668	(1)
William T. Sherman
Child's Diary of the Atlanta Siege	669	(2)
Carrie Berry
Sherman Marches from Atlanta to the Sea	671	(3)
William T. Sherman
Sherman's ``Bummers''	674	(1)
A Good Word for the Bummers	674	(1)
Henry O. Dwight
``We Were Proud of Our Foragers''	674	(1)
Daniel Oakey
``The Heavens Were Lit Up with Flames from Burning Buildings''	675	(2)
Dolly Summer Lunt
Eliza Andrews Comes Home Through the Burnt Country	677	(2)
Eliza F. Andrews
The Burning of Columbia	679	(2)
``A Scene of Shameful Confusion''	679	(1)
George Ward Nichols
Major Hitchcock Explains the Burning of Columbia	680	(1)
Henry Hitchcock
General Sherman Thinks His Name May Live	681	(2)
William T. Sherman
XXX. THE WILDERNESS	683	(18)
U.S. Grant Plans His Spring Campaign	684	(1)
Colonel Porter Draws a Portrait of General Grant	685	(2)
Horace Porter
Private Goss Describes the Battle of the Wilderness	687	(4)
Warren Lee Goss
``Texans Always Move Them''	691	(1)
Anonymous
``Their Dead and Dying Piled Higher Than the Works''	692	(2)
Robert Stiles
Spotsylvania and the Bloody Angle	694	(2)
Horace Porter
``These Men Have Never Failed You on Any Field''	696	(3)
John B. Gordon
Grant Hurls His men to Death at Cold Harbor	699	(2)
William C. Oates
XXXI. THE SIEGE OF PETERSBURG	701	(14)
Grant's Army Crosses the James	702	(1)
Beauregard Holds the Lines at Petersburg	703	(3)
G.T. Beauregard
``A Hurricane of Shot and Shell''	706	(2)
Augustus C. Brown
The Mine and the Battle of the Crater	708	(3)
John S. Wise
Lee Stops Hancock at the Gates of Richmond	711	(1)
Richard W. Corbin
The Iron Lines of Petersburg	712	(3)
Luther Rice Mills
XII. THE VALLEY IN 1864	715	(18)
V.M.I. Boys Fight at New Market	715	(4)
John S. Wise
General Hunter Devastates the Valley	719	(2)
John D. Imboden
General Ramseur Fights and Dies for His Country	721	(5)
S.D. Ramseur
Early Surprises the Federals at Cedar Creek	726	(2)
S.E. Howard
Sheridan Rides Down the Valley Pike to Victory and Fame	728	(3)
P.H. Sheridan
``The Valley Will Have Little in It for Man or Beast''	731	(2)
P.H. Sheridan
XXXIII. LEE AND LINCOLN	733	(24)
Robert E. Lee Goes with His State	734	(1)
``My Relatives, My Children, My Home''	734	(1)
Robert E. Lee
``I Never Desire Again to Draw My Sword''	734	(1)
Robert E. Lee
``A Splendid Specimen of an English Gentleman''	735	(1)
Lord Wolseley
``It Is Well War Is So Terrible, Or We Should Get Too Fond of It''	736	(1)
W.N. Pendleton
Dr. Parks's Boy visits Lee's Headquarters	737	(3)
Leighton Parks
``A Sadness I Had never Before Seen upon His Face''	740	(1)
John B. Imboden
Lee and Traveller Review the Army of Northern Virginia	741	(1)
Robert E. Lee, Jr.
``He Looked as Though He Was the Monarch of the World''	742	(1)
William C. Oates
``The Field Resounded with Wild Shouts of Lee, Lee, Lee''	742	(2)
J. Catlett Gibson
Lee Bids Farewell to the Army of Northern Virginia	744	(1)
Robert E. Lee
Nathaniel Hawthorne Calls on President Lincoln	744	(2)
Nathaniel Hawthorne
John Hay Lives with ``The Tycoon'' in the White House	746	(1)
John Hay
``We Shall Nobly Save or Meanly Lose the Last, Best Hope of Earth''	747	(1)
Abraham Lincoln
Lincoln's Condolence Letters	748	(1)
Abraham Lincoln
Lincoln and Hay Follow the Election Returns	749	(2)
John Hay
Lincoln Replies to a Serenade	751	(1)
Abraham Lincoln
Lincoln Visits the Colored Soldiers at City Point	752	(1)
Horace Porter
``With Malice Toward None''	753	(1)
Abraham Lincoln
Lincoln Is Assassinated	754	(3)
Gideon Welles
XXXIV. THE SUNSET OF THE CONFEDERACY	757	(30)
Thomas Annihilates Hood at Nashville	758	(4)
James H. Wilson
``The Last Chance of the Confederacy''	762	(4)
Alexander C. McClurg
``Now Richmond Rocked in Her High Towers to Watch the Impending Issue''	766	(3)
George A. Townsend
``The Most Superb Soldier in All the World'' Falls at Five Forks	769	(1)
William Gordon McCabe
The Confederates Abandon Richmond	770	(5)
``A Great Burst of Sobbing All Over the Church''	770	(2)
Constance C. Harrison
``The Poor Colored People Thanked God that Their Sufferings Were Ended''	772	(2)
R.B. Prescott
Night Came and with It Came Sorrow and Sadness	774	(1)
Frances Caldern de la Barca Hunt
The White Flag at Appomattox	775	(4)
J.L. Chamberlain
General Lee Surrenders at Appomattox	779	(3)
Charles Marshall
``The Whole Column Seemed Crowned with Red''	782	(2)
J.L. Chamberlain
The Last Will and Testament of J. Reb	784	(1)
John Wise
The Stars and Stripes are Raised over Fort Sumter	785	(1)
Mary Cadwalader Jones
``Bow Down, Dear Land, for Thou Hast Found Release''	786	(1)
James Russell Lowell
APPENDIX A: RECONSTRUCTING THE NATION	787	(26)
The Destruction of the South	788	(3)
Prominent Citizens Became Piesellers	788	(2)
Myrta Lockett Avary
``In the Heart of Destruction''	790	(1)
Sidney Andrews
``Education Must Become Universal''	791	(4)
First Reconstruction Act	795	(1)
Constitutional Amendments	796	(2)
Thirteenth Amendment	797	(1)
Fourteenth Amendment	797	(1)
Fifteenth Amendment	798	(1)
``The End of the White Man's Government''	798	(1)
Black Parliament in South Carolina	799	(3)
James S. Pike
``A Full Pardon''	802	(1)
Andrew Johnson
The Ku Klux Klan	802	(4)
``I Shook Hands with Bob 'fore They Hung Him''	802	(1)
Ben Johnson
Frankfort, Kentucky, Congessional Petition	803	(3)
``We Had Only Our Ignorance''	806	(3)
Anonymous
``The Uneducated Negro Was Too Weak''	809	(1)
Daniel Chamberlain
``A General Reestablishment of Order''	810	(3)
Rutherford B. Hayes
APPENDIX B: DOCUMENTS OF LASTING INFLUENCE	813	(16)
Homestead Act	813	(1)
Pacific Railway Act	814	(2)
Morrill Act	816	(1)
West Virginia Becomes A State	817	(1)
Ousting the French from Mexico	818	(3)
Seward to Adams	819	(1)
W.H. Seward
House Resolution on French Intervention In Mexico	820	(1)
Seward to Motley	820	(1)
W.H. Seward
Ex Parte Merryman	821	(3)
Roger B. Taney
Ex Parte Milligan	824	(5)
David Davis
Bibliography	829	(18)
Index	847