Civilization in the West, Volume II (Chapters 14-30)

by Kishlansky, Mark; Geary, Patrick; O'Brien, Patricia

• ISBN13: 9780321105011
• ISBN10: 032110501X
• Edition: 5th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2003-01-01
• Publisher: Longman

Summary

Civilization in the West blends social and political history into a fascinating narrative that brings history to life. The authors tell a compelling story of Western Civilization that is enhanced by an image-based approach. Pictorial chapter openers draw students in by illustrating a dominant theme of the chapter and exploring the dramatic impression each image makes in reinforcing that theme. the presentation of geography guides students around the changing contours of the West through both standard maps and Geographic Tours of Europe. Discovering Western Civilization Online end-of-chapter website URLs make this the first Western Civilization book to date to include these resources.

Table of Contents

Documents	xv
Maps and Geographical Tours	xvii
Chronologies, Genealogies, and Figures	xix
Preface	xxi
Supplements	xxix
About the Authors	xxxiii
Europe at War, 1555--1648	437	(32)
The Visual Record: The Massacre of the Innocents: War and European Society	438	(2)
The Crises of the Western States	440	(13)
The French Wars of Religion	440	(4)
One King, Two Faiths	444	(3)
The World of Philip II	447	(2)
The Burgundian Inheritance	449	(1)
The Revolt of the Netherlands	450	(3)
The Struggles in Eastern Europe	453	(5)
Kings and Diets in Poland	454	(1)
Muscovy's Time of Troubles	455	(1)
The Rise of Sweden	456	(2)
The Thirty Years' War, 1618--1648	458	(11)
Bohemia Revolts	458	(2)
The War Widens	460	(3)
The Long Quest for Peace	463	(2)
Questions for Review	465	(1)
Discovering Western Civilization Online	465	(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading	466
A Closer Look
The Monstrous Regiment of Women	442	(3)
Documents
Catholics and Huguenots	445	(6)
Cannibals	451	(9)
War Is Hell	460	(2)
Fire and Sword	462	(7)
The Experiences of Life in Early Modern Europe, 1500--1650	469	(36)
The Visual Record: Haymaking: Agriculture in a European Community	470	(2)
Economic Life	472	(9)
Rural Life	472	(3)
Town Life	475	(2)
Economic Change	477	(4)
Social Life	481	(8)
Social Constructs	481	(1)
Social Structure	482	(3)
Social Change	485	(1)
Peasant Revolts	486	(3)
Private Life	489	(16)
The Family	489	(3)
Communities	492	(3)
Popular Beliefs	495	(5)
Questions for Review	500	(1)
Discovering Western Civilization Online	501	(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading	501
A Closer Look
Sex and the Married Man	496
Documents
Living by One's Wits	474	(14)
The Peasants' Revolt	488	(2)
A Feminine Perspective	490	(8)
The Devil's Due	498	(7)
The Royal State in the Seventeenth Century	505	(34)
The Visual Record: Fit for a King: The Grandeur of the European Monarchy	506	(2)
The Rise of the Royal State	508	(7)
Divine Kings	508	(1)
The Court and the Courtiers	509	(3)
The Drive to Centralize Government	512	(1)
The Taxing Demands of War	513	(2)
The Crises of the Royal State	515	(11)
The Need to Resist	516	(1)
The Right to Resist	517	(2)
The English Civil War	519	(2)
The English Revolutions	521	(5)
The Zenith of the Royal State	526	(13)
The Nature of Absolute Monarchy	527	(1)
Absolutism in the East	528	(3)
The Origins of French Absolutism	531	(1)
Louis le Grand	532	(3)
Questions for Review	535	(1)
Discovering Western Civilization Online	535	(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading	536
A Closer Look
``King Charles's Head''	524
Documents
A Glimpse of a King	510	(12)
A Short, Sharp Shock	522	(6)
The Nature of Man	528	(3)
A Close Shave	531	(8)
Science and Commerce in Early Modern Europe	539	(34)
The Visual Record: Rembrandt's Lessons: Anatomy and the New Science	540	(2)
The New Science	542	(8)
Heavenly Revolutions	542	(3)
The Natural World	545	(4)
Science Enthroned	549	(1)
Empires of Goods	550	(13)
The Marketplace of the World	551	(2)
Consumption Choices	553	(3)
Dutch Masters	556	(4)
Mercantile Organization	560	(3)
The Wars of Commerce	563	(10)
The Mercantile Wars	563	(2)
The Wars of Louis XIV	565	(3)
The Colonial Wars	568	(1)
Questions for Review	569	(1)
Discovering Western Civilization Online	569	(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading	570
A Closer Look
The Dutch Tulip Mania of the Seventeenth Century	558
Documents
Stargazing	544	(2)
The Telescope	546	(15)
Encountering Pirates	561	(3)
Defining Commerce	564	(9)
The Balance of Power in Eighteenth-Century Europe	573	(32)
The Visual Record: A Dashing Officer: The Rise of Militarism	574	(2)
Geographical Tour: A Grand Tour of Europe in 1714	576	(5)
Expansion of Western Europe	577	(3)
Realignment in Eastern Europe	580	(1)
The Rise of Russia	581	(7)
The Reforms of Peter the Great	582	(1)
Life in Rural Russia	583	(1)
The Enlightened Empress Catherine	584	(4)
The Two Germanies	588	(8)
The Rise of Prussia	588	(3)
Austria Survives	591	(2)
The Politics of Power	593	(3)
The Greatness of Great Britain	596	(9)
The British Constitution	596	(1)
Parties and Ministers	597	(2)
America Revolts	599	(2)
Questions for Review	601	(1)
Discovering Western Civilization Online	601	(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading	602
A Closer Look
Catherine Before She Was Great	586
Documents
Childhood Traumas	584	(5)
A King's-Eye View	589	(2)
Military Discipline	591	(10)
Unalienable Rights	601	(4)
Culture and Society in Eighteenth-Century Europe	605	(34)
The Visual Record: Happy Families: An Enlightenment Institution	606	(2)
Eighteenth-Century Culture	608	(8)
The Enlightenment	608	(1)
The Spirit of the Enlightenment	609	(5)
The Impact of the Enlightenment	614	(2)
Eighteenth-Century Society	616	(23)
The Nobility	616	(2)
The Bourgeoisie	618	(7)
The Masses	625	(10)
Questions for Review	635	(1)
Discovering Western Civilization Online	635	(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading	635
A Closer Look
Giving Birth in the Eighteenth Century	628
Documents
The All-Knowing	609	(1)
The Human Condition	610	(4)
The Good of All	614	(9)
Love and Marriage	623	(16)
The French Revolution and the Napoleonic Era, 1789--1815	639	(32)
The Visual Record: Eighteenth-Century Revolution	640	(2)
The Crisis of the Old Regime in France, 1715--1788	642	(5)
The Financial Crisis	642	(1)
The Political Crisis	643	(1)
The Attempt at Reform	643	(4)
The First Stage of the French Revolution, 1789--1792	647	(9)
Taking Politics to the People	647	(3)
Converning the Estates-General	650	(2)
The Storming of the Bastille	652	(1)
The Revolution of the Peasantry	652	(2)
Women on the March	654	(1)
The Trials of Constitutional Monarchy	655	(1)
Experimenting with Democracy: The Revolution's Second Stage, 1792--1799	656	(5)
Declaring Political Rights	657	(1)
The Second Revolution: The Revolution of the People	658	(1)
``Terror Is the Order of the Day''	658	(2)
The End of the Revolution	660	(1)
The Reign of Napoleon, 1799--1815	661	(10)
Bonaparte Seizes Power	661	(1)
Napoleon at War with the European Powers	662	(1)
The First Empire and Domestic Reforms	663	(1)
Decline and Fall	664	(3)
Questions for Review	667	(1)
Discovering Western Civilization Online	667	(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading	668
A Closer Look
``Let Them Eat Cake''	644	(4)
Documents
Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen	648	(1)
Declaration of the Rights of Woman and Citizen	649	(2)
``What Is the Third Estate?''	651	(14)
The Civil Code of the Code Napoleon	665	(6)
Industrial Europe	671	(38)
The Visual Record: An Iron Forge: Machinery and Industrialization	672	(2)
The Traditional Economy	674	(6)
Farming Families	674	(1)
Rural Manufacture	675	(2)
The Agricultural Revolution	677	(3)
The Industrial Revolution in Britain	680	(18)
Britain First	680	(2)
Minerals and Metals	682	(3)
Cotton Is King	685	(3)
The Iron Horse	688	(2)
Entrepreneurs and Managers	690	(2)
The Wages of Progress	692	(6)
The Industrialization of the Continent	698	(11)
France: Industrialization Without Revolution	699	(3)
Germany: Industrialization and Union	702	(2)
The Lands That Time Forgot	704	(2)
Questions for Review	706	(1)
Discovering Western Civilization Online	706	(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading	707
A Closer Look
Industry and the Environment	694
Documents
The Wealth of Britain	687	(6)
The Sin of Wages	693	(5)
Exploiting the Young	698	(5)
The Slavery of Labor	703	(6)
Political Upheavals and Social Transformations, 1815--1850	709	(34)
The Visual Record: Potato Politics: The Plight of the Poor in European Societies	710	(2)
Geographical Tour: Europe in 1815	712	(6)
The Congress of Vienna	713	(3)
The Alliance System	716	(2)
The New Ideologies	718	(8)
The New Politics of Preserving Order	718	(1)
Romanticism and Change	719	(4)
Reshaping State and Society	723	(3)
Protest and Revolution	726	(17)
Causes of Social Instability	727	(2)
The Revolutions of 1830	729	(3)
Reform in Great Britain	732	(1)
Workers Unite	733	(1)
Revolutions Across Europe, 1848--1850	734	(6)
Questions for Review	740	(1)
Discovering Western Civilization Online	740	(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading	741
A Closer Look
The Birth of the Prison	720	(4)
Documents
Young Italy (1832)	724	(2)
The Communist Manifesto	726	(9)
Flora Tristan and the Rights of Working Women	735	(8)
State Building and Social Change in Europe, 1850--1871	743	(34)
The Visual Record: The Birth of the German Empire: Otto von Bismarck's Role	744	(2)
Building Nations: The Politics of Unification	746	(8)
The Crimean War	746	(4)
Unifying Italy	750	(2)
Unifying Germany	752	(2)
Nationalism and Force	754	(1)
Reforming European Society	754	(10)
The Second Empire in France, 1852--1870	754	(3)
The Victorian Compromise	757	(3)
Reforming Russia	760	(3)
The Politics of Leadership	763	(1)
Changing Values and the Force of New Ideas	764	(13)
The Politics of Homemaking	765	(2)
Realism in the Arts	767	(2)
Charles Darwin and the New Science	769	(1)
Karl Marx and the Science of Society	770	(1)
A New Revolution?	771	(4)
Questions for Review	775	(1)
Discovering Western Civilization Online	775	(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading	776
A Closer Look
A Working Woman	748	(13)
Documents
The Russian Emancipation Proclamation, 1861	761	(7)
On the Origin of Species, 1859	768	(5)
Red Women in Paris	773	(4)
The Crisis of European Culture, 1871--1914	777	(32)
The Visual Record: Speeding to the Future: Mass Society and the Rejection of Tradition	778	(2)
European Economy and the Politics of Mass Society	780	(8)
Regulating Boom and Bust	780	(1)
Challenging Liberal England	781	(2)
Political Struggles in Germany	783	(2)
Political Scandals and Mass Politics in France	785	(2)
Defeating Liberalism in Austria	787	(1)
Outsiders in Mass Politics	788	(7)
Feminists and Politics	788	(4)
The Jewish Question and Zionism	792	(2)
Workers and Minorities on the Margins	794	(1)
Shaping the New Consciousness	795	(14)
The Authority of Science	796	(1)
Establishing the Social Sciences	797	(2)
The ``New Woman'' and the New Consciousness	799	(4)
The New Consumption	803	(2)
Questions for Review	805	(1)
Discovering Western Civilization Online	805	(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading	806
A Closer Look
Sigmund Freud, Explorer of Dreams	800
Documents
``J'Accuse''	787	(4)
Constance Lytton	791	(8)
``Angel'' or Woman?	799	(10)
Europe and the World, 1870--1914	809	(30)
The Visual Record: The Politics of Mapmaking: The First Standardized Map of the World	810	(2)
The European Balance of Power, 1870--1914	812	(3)
The Geopolitics of Europe	812	(1)
The Instability of the Alliance System	813	(2)
The New Imperialism	815	(5)
The Technology of Empire	815	(2)
Motives for Empire	817	(3)
The European Search for Territory and Markets	820	(9)
The Scramble for Africa: Diplomacy and Conflict	821	(3)
Gold, Empire Building, and the Boer War	824	(2)
Imperialism in Asia	826	(3)
Results of a European-Dominated World	829	(10)
A World Economy	829	(1)
Race and Culture	830	(1)
Women and Imperialism	831	(4)
Ecology and Imperialism	835	(1)
Critiquing Capitalism	836	(1)
Questions for Review	836	(1)
Discovering Western Civilization Online	836	(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading	837
A Closer Look
The Power of Words	832
Documents
Leopold II of Belgium, Speech to an International Conference of Geographers, 12 September 1876	818	(3)
Joseph Chamberlain's Speech to the Birmingham Relief Association	821	(13)
Karl Pearson and the Defense of Eugenics	834	(5)
War and Revolution, 1914--1920	839	(36)
The Visual Record: Selling the Great War	840	(2)
The War Europe Expected	842	(4)
Separating Friends from Foes	843	(1)
Military Timetables	843	(1)
Assassination at Sarajevo	844	(2)
A New Kind of Warfare	846	(8)
Technology and the Trenches	846	(2)
The German Offensive	848	(1)
War on the Eastern Front	849	(1)
War on the Western Front	850	(2)
War on the Periphery	852	(2)
Adjusting to the Unexpected: Total War	854	(5)
Mobilizing the Home Front	854	(2)
Silencing Dissent	856	(1)
Turning Point and Victory, 1917--1918	857	(2)
Reshaping Europe: After War and Revolution	859	(16)
Settling the Peace	859	(2)
Revolution in Russia, 1917--1920	861	(9)
Questions for Review	870	(1)
Discovering Western Civilization Online	870	(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading	871
A Closer Look
The Women Who Started the Russian Revolution	864
Documents
All Quiet on the Western Front	848	(7)
War at Home	855	(12)
War Communism	867	(2)
Proclamation of the ``Whites,'' 8 July 1918	869	(6)
The European Search for Stability, 1920--1939	875	(38)
The Visual Record: The Hard Lessons of Inflation	876	(2)
Geographical Tour: Europe after 1918	878	(4)
New Nation-States, New Problems	879	(1)
German Recovery	880	(1)
France's Search for Security	881	(1)
The United States in Europe	881	(1)
Crisis and Collapse in a World Economy	882	(4)
International Loans and Trade Barriers	882	(2)
The Great Depression	884	(2)
The Soviet Union's Separate Path	886	(8)
The Soviet Regime at the End of the Civil War	886	(1)
The New Economic Policy, 1921--1928	887	(2)
Stalin's Rise to Power	889	(1)
The First Five-Year Plan	889	(1)
The Comintern, Economic Development, and the Purges	890	(2)
Women and the Family in the New Soviet State	892	(2)
The Rise of Fascist Dictatorship in Italy	894	(3)
Mussolini's Italy	895	(1)
Mussolini's Plans for Empire	896	(1)
Hitler and the Third Reich	897	(5)
Hitler's Rise to Power	897	(1)
Nazi Goals	898	(2)
Propaganda, Racism, and Culture	900	(2)
Democracies in Crisis	902	(11)
The Failure of the Left in France	902	(1)
Muddling Through in Great Britain	903	(3)
The Spanish Republic as Battleground	906	(2)
Questions for Review	908	(1)
Discovering Western Civilization Online	908	(2)
Suggestions for Further Reading	910
A Closer Look
The Screams from Guernica	904
Documents
The Depression for Women	885	(5)
The Results of the First Five-Year Plan	890	(3)
The Law on the Abolition of Legal Abortion, 1936	893	(8)
Adolf Hitler on ``Racial Purity''	901	(12)
Global Conflagration: Hot War and Cold War	913	(40)
The Visual Record: Precursor of War: The Annexation of Austria	914	(2)
Aggression and Conquest	916	(5)
Hitler's Foreign Policy and Appeasement	916	(1)
Hitler's War, 1939--1941	917	(4)
Collaboration and Resistance	921	(1)
Racism and Destruction	921	(7)
Enforcing Nazi Racial Policies	922	(1)
The Destruction of Europe's Jews	923	(5)
Allied Victory	928	(14)
The Soviet Union's Great Patriotic War	928	(3)
The United States Enters the War	931	(3)
Winning the War in Europe	934	(1)
Japanese War Aims and Assumptions	935	(1)
Winning the War in the Pacific	936	(1)
The Fate of Allied Cooperation: 1945	936	(6)
Regulating the Cold War	942	(11)
The Two Superpowers	942	(3)
The Two Germanys and the World in Two Blocs	945	(4)
Questions for Review	949	(1)
Discovering Western Civilization Online	949	(2)
Suggestions for Further Reading	951
A Closer Look
The Atomic Wasteland	940
Documents
Manifesto of the Jewish Resistance in Vilna, September 1943	927	(5)
President Franklin Roosevelt's Request for a Declaration of War on Japan, 8 December 1941	932	(1)
Japan's Declaration of War on the United States and Great Britain, 8 December 1941	933	(5)
``Glittering Fragments''	938	(5)
The Iron Curtain	943	(10)
Postwar Recovery and the New Europe to 1989	953	(28)
The Visual Record: Europe in Ruins: Warsaw, 1946	954	(2)
Reconstructing Europe	956	(5)
The Economic Challenge	956	(1)
The Solutions of the Soviet Union and the United States	956	(3)
Administering the Marshall Plan	959	(1)
Western European Economic Integration	960	(1)
Creating the Welfare State	961	(9)
Prosperity and Consumption in the West	964	(1)
The Eastern Bloc and Recovery	965	(1)
Family Strategies	966	(4)
Youth Culture and the Generation Gap	970	(3)
Prosperity and Protest	970	(1)
The Protests of 1968	971	(2)
Toppling Communism in the Soviet Union	973	(8)
Soviet Dissent	973	(1)
Detente: The Soviets and the West	974	(2)
The End of the Soviet Union	976	(2)
Questions for Review	978	(1)
Discovering Western Civilization Online	978	(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading	979
A Closer Look
Dismantling Empires	962
Documents
The Marshall Plan	958	(7)
Report to the Twentieth Party Congress	965	(3)
The Second Sex	968	(4)
``Subterranean Homesick Blues''	972	(9)
The West Faces the New Century, 1989 to the Present	981	(1)
The Visual Record: Lost in Space: New National Borders, New Political Identities	982	(2)
Reshaping Europe	984	(11)
Russia and the New Republics	984	(3)
The Chechen Challenge	987	(3)
The Unification of Germany	990	(2)
Eastern Europe: Nationalism, and Ethnicity	992	(3)
War in the Balkans	995	(3)
The History of Ethnic Differences	996	(1)
The War for a ``Greater Serbia''	997	(1)
Kosovo and the Ongoing Balkans Conflict	998	(1)
The West in the Global Community	998	(1)
European Union and the American Superpower	999	(4)
A New Working Class: Foreign Workers	1003	(2)
Women's Changing Lives	1005	(2)
Terrorism: The ``New Kind of War''	1007	(5)
Questions for Review	1012	(1)
Discovering Western Civilization Online	1012	(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading	1013
A Closer Look
Televisions, Computers, and the Media Revolution	1000
Documents
Career Advancement, Communist-Style	987	(1)
A Woman Reporter Behind the Lines of the War in Chechnya	988	(20)
The Return of Fascism?	1008
Credits	1	(1)
Index	1