Classical Black Nationalism : From the American Revolution to Marcus Garvey

by Moses, Wilson Jeremiah

• ISBN13: 9780814755334
• ISBN10: 081475533X
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 1996-01-01
• Publisher: New York University Press

Summary

Wilson Moses' Classical Black Nationalism with spare and economical brushstrokes, delimits the phenomenon to the quest for national self-determination or autonomy for blacks. Classical Black Nationalism represents the distilled knowledge of many years of sustained research into the intellectual foundations of what is the lengthiest tradition of dissent in American history.--Robert A. HillEditor of the Marcus Garvey and Universal Negro Improvement Association PapersA most useful grounding for those interested in gaining a foundation for the study of black nationalism. The selection of sources is judicious and economical--yet, fully adequate to 'tell the story.' Moses's introduction is masterful; rather than being driven by any specific ideological predisposition, his interpretive voice is clearly rendered, yet fair.--William L. Van Deburgauthor of New Day in Babylon: The Black Power Movement and American Culture, 1965-1975This work fills a large void in the scholarship on black nationalism; Moses' work is based on a wide reading and its introduction demonstrates a sophisticated understanding of the issues involved.--Vernon J. Williamsauthor of Rethinking Racism and From a Caste to a MinorityRecent years have seen a resurgence of interest in modern black nationalist leaders such as Stokely Carmichael and Malcolm X. But what of the ideological precursors to these modern leaders, the writers, and leaders from whose intellectual legacy modern black nationalism emerged? Wilson Jeramiah Moses, whom the Village Voice called one of the foremost historians of black nationalism, has here collected the most influential speeches, articles, and letters that inform the intellectual underpinnings of contemporary black nationalism, returning our focus to black nationalism at its inception.The goal of early black nationalists was the return of the African-American population to Africa to create a sovereign nation-state and to formulate an ideological basis for a concept of national culture. Most early black nationalists believed that this return was directed by the hand of God. Moses examines the evolution of black nationalist thought through several phases, from its proto-nationalisic phase in the late 1700s through a hiatus in the 1830s, through its flourishing in the 1850s, its eventual eclipse in the 1870s, and its resurgence in the Garvey movement of the 1920s. Moses provides us with documents that illustrate the motivations of both whites and blacks as they sought the removal of the black population. We hear from Thomas Jefferson, who held that it was self-evident that black and white populations could not intermingle on an equal basis or merge to form one happy society, and who toyed with the idea of a mass deportation of the black American population. We see that the profit motive is an important motive behind any nationalist movement in the letters between African American capitalists Paul Cuffe and James Forten. Among the more difficult selections to classify in this collection, Robert Alexander Young's Ethiopian Manifesto prophesied the coming of a prophetic liberator of the African race. The Christian nature of nineteenth century black nationalism is evident in Blyden's The Call of Providence. Moses rounds out the volume with contributions from more well- known voices such as those of Marcus Garvey, W.E.B. Dubois, and others. Classical Black Nationalism will serve as a point of departure for anyone interested in gaining a foundational knowledge of the disparate voices behind this often discussed but seldom understood movement.

Table of Contents

Acknowledgments	ix
Introduction	1	(44)
One The Colonization and Emigration Controversy, Preclassical Period
Notes on the State of Virginia (1781--82)	45	(3)
Thomas Jefferson
Letters to Peter Williams Jr. (1816) and James Forten (1817)	48	(2)
Paul Cuffe
Letter to Paul Cuffe (1817)	50	(3)
James Forten
Mutability of Human Affairs (1827)	53	(7)
The Ethiopian Manifesto (1829)	60	(8)
Robert Alexander Young
An Appeal in Four Articles (1830)	68	(22)
David Walker
Address at the African Masonic Hall (1833)	90	(11)
Maria Stewart
Two Classical Black Nationalism, 1850--62
The Condition, Elevation, Emigration, and Destiny of the Colored People of the United States (1852)	101	(24)
Martin R. Delany
Obiter Dictum on the Dred Scott Case (1857)	125	(6)
Roger B. Taney
A Vindication of the Capacity of the Negro Race for Self-Government and Civilized Progress (1857)	131	(4)
James T. Holly
African Civilization Society (1859)	135	(7)
Frederick Douglass
Address at Cooper's Institute (1860)	142	(3)
Henry Highland Garnet
Official Report of the Niger Valley Exploring Party (1861)	145	(24)
Martin R. Delany
The Progress of Civilization along the West Coast of Africa (1861)	169	(19)
Alexander Cummell
The Call of Providence to the Descendants of Africa in America (1862)	188	(21)
Edward Wilmot Blyden
Address on Colonization to a Deputation of Colored Men (1862)	209	(6)
Abraham Lincoln
An Open Letter to the Colored People (1862)	215	(6)
Daniel A. Payne
Three Black Nationalist Revival, 1895--1925
The American Negro and His Fatherland (1895)	221	(7)
Henry McNeal Turner
The Conservation of Races (1897)	228	(13)
W. E. B. Du Bois
Address at Newport News (1919)	241	(10)
Marcus Garvey
Index	251