Classical Sociological Theory Rediscovering the Promise of Sociology

by Goodwin, Glenn A.; Scimecca, Joseph A.

• ISBN13: 9780534624699
• ISBN10: 0534624693
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2005-06-22
• Publisher: Cengage Learning

Summary

Based on the theme that the authors call "rediscovering the promise of sociology," CLASSICAL SOCIOLOGICAL THEORY covers the period from the early 19th century and the emergence of the distinct field of sociology through the first decades of the 20th century. The three major theories of functionalism, conflict perspective and the beginning of symbolic interactionism are all developed in the classical phase. After identifying the emergence of a social philosophy dating back to the Enlightenment in chapter one, the text then follows a pattern in which each chapter is devoted to one of the major theorists and their work. Theorists are placed into their social and intellectual context. Each chapter devotes considerable content to an explanation of the writers core principles, and then submits each principle to a series of four fundamental questions. The chapter ends by providing an assessment of each of the theorists.

Table of Contents

Preface	xv
About the Authors	xix
The Roots of Sociology: Morals and Science	1	(19)
Introduction	2	(2)
The Enlightenment and the Legacy of the Philosophes: Science and Morals	4	(5)
Social/Societal Influences	6	(2)
A New Conception of Knowledge	8	(1)
German Idealism	9	(3)
The American Experience	12	(2)
Pragmatism	12	(2)
Pragmatism and Methodology	14	(1)
The Promise of Sociology	15	(1)
Classical Sociological Theory and the Four Fundamental Questions	16	(2)
References	18	(2)
Auguste Comte (1798--1857)	20	(21)
Introduction	20	(1)
Biography	21	(5)
The Lycee	21	(1)
The Ecole Polytechnique	22	(1)
Paris in the Early Nineteenth Century	23	(1)
Marginal Intellectual	23	(1)
From Positivism to Religion	24	(2)
Intellectual Context	26	(2)
The Enlightenment Philosophes	26	(1)
Saint-Simon	27	(1)
Comte's Sociology	28	(4)
Sociology as the Science of Society	29	(2)
From Science to the Religion of Humanity	31	(1)
The Four Questions	32	(6)
Assessment: Auguste Comte and the Promise of Sociology	38	(1)
References	39	(2)
Harriet Martineau (1802--1876)	41	(28)
Introduction	42	(1)
Biography	43	(4)
A Significant Decade	43	(1)
The Successful Author	44	(2)
Religion and Women's Issues	46	(1)
Intellectual Context	47	(4)
Unitarianism	47	(1)
Classical Economics	48	(1)
The Role of Women in the Nineteenth Century	49	(2)
Martineau's Sociology	51	(10)
Methodology and Morals	51	(3)
Methodology Continued: Women and Slavery	54	(2)
Feminist Sociology	56	(1)
Sociology of Religion	57	(2)
Sociology of Inequality	59	(1)
Sociology of Work and Occupations	60	(1)
Sociology of Illness and Disability	60	(1)
The Four Questions	61	(4)
Assessment: Harriet Martineau and the Promise of Sociology	65	(1)
References	66	(3)
Karl Marx (1818--1883)	69	(21)
Introduction	70	(1)
Biography	70	(3)
The Early Years	70	(1)
The University Years, Marriage, and Family	71	(2)
Intellectual Context	73	(3)
Berlin: The Young Hegelians	73	(1)
Paris, Brussels, and the Move to London	74	(1)
The International and the Twilight Years	75	(1)
Marx's Sociology	76	(8)
German Philosophy	76	(2)
English Political Economy / Classical Economic Theory	78	(2)
French Socialism	80	(1)
Toward Revolution (Dialectic Materialism)	80	(4)
The Four Questions	84	(3)
Assessment: Karl Marx and the Promise of Sociology	87	(1)
References	88	(2)
Herbert Spencer (1820--1903)	90	(21)
Introduction	91	(1)
Biography	91	(3)
The Early Years: Nonconformity, Independence	91	(2)
Travels/Observations/Inventions	93	(1)
Intellectual Context	94	(2)
Early Influences	94	(1)
Middle and Later Years	95	(1)
Spencer's Sociology	96	(10)
Evolutionary Theory	97	(3)
Organicism	100	(4)
Social Darwinism	104	(2)
The Four Questions	106	(2)
Assessment: Herbert Spencer and the Promise of Sociology	108	(2)
References	110	(1)
Emile Durkheim (1858--1917)	111	(29)
Introduction	112	(1)
Biography	112	(5)
The Early Years: Education and Anti-Semitism	112	(2)
Middle Years: Patriot, Husband, Father, Activist, and Scholar	114	(1)
The Twilight Years: Senior Scholar, War, Personal Devastation	115	(2)
Intellectual Context	117	(1)
French Intellectual History	117	(1)
Other Influences	117	(1)
Durkheim's Sociology	118	(15)
Introduction: Sociologism, Positivism, Major Works, Spencer	118	(2)
On the Division of Labor in Society (1893)	120	(3)
The Rules of Sociological Method (1895)	123	(1)
Suicide (1897)	124	(5)
The Elementary Forms of Religious Life (1912)	129	(4)
The Four Questions	133	(3)
Assessment: Emile Durkheim and the Promise of Sociology	136	(2)
References	138	(2)
Georg Simmel (1858--1918)	140	(23)
Introduction	140	(1)
Biography	141	(4)
Ties to Berlin	142	(2)
The Later Years	144	(1)
Intellectual Context	145	(3)
Darwin and Spencer	145	(1)
Kant	146	(1)
Positivism Versus Idealism in Germany	147	(1)
Simmel's Sociology	148	(9)
Content and Form	150	(1)
Dyads and Triads	151	(1)
Conflict	152	(2)
Role Theory, Multiple Statuses, and Freedom	154	(3)
The Four Questions	157	(3)
Assessment: Georg Simmel and the Promise of Sociology	160	(1)
References	161	(2)
Max Weber (1864--1920)	163	(31)
Introduction	164	(1)
Biography	165	(3)
Early Years: Family, Education	165	(1)
Career, Psychological Demons, the War Years	166	(2)
Intellectual Context	168	(3)
The Making of an Encyclopedic Mind	168	(2)
German Intellectual History, Teaching, and Writing	170	(1)
Weber's Sociology	171	(15)
Introduction: Levels of Analysis, Rationality, Iron Cage	171	(2)
Role of Ideas	173	(3)
Epistemology/Methodology: The Protestant Ethic Thesis	176	(5)
Power and Authority Structures	181	(5)
The Four Questions	186	(3)
Assessment: Max Weber and the Promise of Sociology	189	(3)
References	192	(2)
George Herbert Mead (1863--1931)	194	(24)
Introduction	195	(1)
Biography	195	(6)
Undergraduate Education	195	(1)
Graduate Education	196	(1)
The Chicago Years: Mead the Social Reformer	197	(2)
The Chicago Years: Mead the Professor	199	(2)
Intellectual Context	201	(3)
Darwinism	201	(1)
Behaviorism	202	(1)
Pragmatism	203	(1)
Mead's Sociology	204	(8)
Mind, Self, and Society (1934)	205	(1)
The Mind and Significant Symbols	206	(1)
Language and Mind	207	(1)
Social Order	208	(1)
The Preparatory Stage	208	(1)
The Play Stage	208	(1)
The Game Stage	209	(1)
The `I' and the `Me'	210	(1)
An Integrated Sociology	211	(1)
The Four Questions	212	(3)
Assessment: George Herbert Mead and the Promise of Sociology	215	(1)
References	216	(2)
Jane Addams (1860--1935)	218	(23)
Introduction	219	(1)
Biography	220	(5)
The Early Years	220	(1)
Rockford Female Seminary	221	(1)
Travel in Europe	222	(1)
The Beginnings of Hull-House	223	(1)
The Later Years	224	(1)
Intellectual Context	225	(6)
The Social Gospel	225	(1)
Pragmatism	226	(1)
Marxism and Socialism	227	(1)
Women's Suffrage	228	(2)
Tolstoy and Pacifism	230	(1)
Addams' Sociology	231	(4)
Critical-Emancipatory Theory	231	(2)
Feminist Sociology	233	(2)
The Four Questions	235	(3)
Assessment: Jane Addams and the Promise of Sociology	238	(1)
References	239	(2)
William Edward Burghardt (W. E. B.) Du Bois (1868--1963)	241	(28)
Introduction	242	(1)
Biography	242	(6)
Higher Education	242	(2)
Early Career	244	(2)
The NAACP, Crisis Magazine, and Marxism	246	(1)
Social Critic and the Later Years	247	(1)
Intellectual Context	248	(6)
Pragmatism	248	(1)
Social Darwinism	249	(1)
Pan-Africanism	250	(1)
Marxism	251	(3)
Du Bois's Sociology	254	(8)
Sociological Methods	254	(2)
Sociology of Race	256	(3)
Sociology of Self	259	(1)
Sociology of Religion	260	(2)
The Four Questions	262	(3)
Assessment: W.E.B. Du Bois and the Promise of Sociology	265	(1)
References	266	(3)
Classical American Sociology and the Promise of Sociology	269	(30)
Introduction	270	(1)
The Origins of American Sociology	270	(1)
William Graham Sumner (1840--1910)	271	(2)
Lester Frank Ward (1841--1913)	273	(2)
Albion Woodbury Small (1854--1926)	275	(2)
Charles Horton Cooley (1864--1929)	277	(1)
Edward Alsworth Ross (1866--1951)	278	(2)
Franklin Giddings (1855--1931)	280	(2)
Florence Kelley (1859--1932)	282	(2)
Charlotte Perkins Gilman (1860--1935)	284	(4)
The Rise of Objective Sociology	288	(2)
The Historical Development of the American College	289	(1)
The Rise of the American University	289	(1)
Robert Park (1864--1944)	290	(3)
The Giddings Men	293	(1)
William Fielding Ogburn (1886--1959)	294	(1)
Assessment: Classical American Sociology and the Promise of Sociology	295	(2)
References	297	(2)
Appendix: Readings	299	(4)
Glossary of Terms	303	(6)
Credits	309	(2)
Index	311