Clean by Light Irradiation

by Augugliaro, Vincenzo; Loddo, Vittorio; Palmisano, Giovanni; Palmisano, Leonardo; Pagliaro, Mario

• ISBN13: 9781847558701
• ISBN10: 1847558704
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2010-10-07
• Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry

Summary

The book deals with the environmentally friendly cleaning materials functionalized with TiO2, a widely known semiconductor giving rise to redox reactions under artificial or solar irradiation. The role of Titanium dioxide in the worldwide community is introduced first. The fundamental working principles of heterogeneous photocatalysis follow and a critical section on the semiconductor bulk and surface properties open the way to the differences between TiO2 blend features with respect to analogous thin film layouts. Then follows the main section of the book which deals with the techniques applied to manufactured commercial devices, ranging from glasses to textiles and from concrete and other construction materials to paintings. Also road asphalt and other devices, such as photocatalytic air conditioning machines are outlined. Last generation materials, not yet commercialized, and the deposition techniques applied to prepare them are also widely discussed. The final part of the book covers the difficult and modern topic of standardization and comparison of performance of photocatalytic processes and in particular the guidelines proposed by various worldwide organizations for standardization are discussed. The book covers the general matters as well as the practical applications with the supporting methods discussed in detail. This book brings together a team of highly experienced and well-published experts in the field, providing a comprehensive view of the applications of supported titanium dioxide.

Table of Contents

Fundamentals	p. 1
Working Principles and Thermodynamics of Heterogeneous Photocatalysis	p. 1
Conductors, Insulators and Semiconductors	p. 1
Properties of Semiconductor Materials	p. 2
Photocatalytic Processes	p. 11
Kinetics of Photocatalytic Processes	p. 16
Langmuir Isotherm	p. 23
Freundlich Isotherm	p. 25
Redlich-Peterson Isotherm	p. 26
Light Intensity Dependence	p. 28
Radiation Sources	p. 30
Arc Lamps	p. 31
Fluorescent Lamps	p. 31
Incandescent Lamps	p. 32
Lasers	p. 32
Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs)	p. 33
Solar Resources	p. 34
References	p. 35
Powders versus Thin Film Preparation	p. 41
Introduction	p. 41
Structures and some Properties of the various TiO2 Polymorphs	p. 43
Preparation Methods of Powdered TiO2	p. 43
Sulfate Process	p. 45
Chloride Process	p. 45
Flame Pyrolysis Process	p. 46
Preparation of Powdered and Nanocrystalline TiO2 by the Sol-gel Method	p. 46
Preparation of Nanoparticles, Nanorods, Nanotubes and Nanowires of TiO2 by the Hydrothermal Method	p. 49
Solvothermal Method	p. 57
Sol Method	p. 57
Laser Pyrolysis Method	p. 58
Microwave Method	p. 58
Preparation of Films	p. 59
Wet Coating Technologies to Prepare TiO2 Films	p. 59
Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) Techniques	p. 70
Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD)	p. 78
Chemical Bath Deposition	p. 80
Thermal Oxidation and Anodic Oxidation	p. 81
Electrophoretic Deposition	p. 83
References	p. 84
Unique Properties of Supported TiO2	p. 98
Superhydrophilic versus Photocatalytic Character	p. 98
Antirenection	p. 102
Photo-protection and Anticorrosive Effects	p. 105
Bactericidal Properties	p. 107
References	p. 114
Photocatalytic Glass	p. 116
Improving Glass Performance by Functionalization with TiO2	p. 116
TiO2 on Glass: More Tasks or Benefits?	p. 119
Antireflection and Composite Multilayer Films for Advanced Applications	p. 127
Industrial Overview and Commercial Products	p. 131
References	p. 142
TiO2-modified Cement and Ceramics	p. 144
Keeping Structures and Air Clean Indoors and Outdoors	p. 144
Merging TiO2 and Cementitious Materials	p. 146
Photocatalytic Ceramic Tiles	p. 156
New Concepts	p. 163
References	p. 166
TiO2 on Plastic, Textile, Metal and Paper	p. 168
TiO2 Supported on Plastic Materials	p. 168
Photocatalytic Textiles	p. 178
Photocatalytic Paper	p. 184
TiO2 on Metals	p. 187
Practical Applications	p. 192
References	p. 196
Devices for Water and Air Purification	p. 199
Devices for Water Purification	p. 199
Pesticide Degradation in a Solar Photoreactor	p. 199
Cyanide Degradation in a Pilot Plant Photoreactor	p. 200
Photo-CREC-Water Reactors	p. 207
UBE Photocatalytic Fiber Reactor	p. 209
Devices for Air Purification	p. 210
Photo-CREC-Air Reactor	p. 213
AirSteril Purifier	p. 214
Airlife Purifier	p. 214
Daikin Purifier	p. 215
Genesis Air Purifier	p. 217
Airwise“ Purifiers	p. 217
"Luch" Series Cleaners	p. 220
Aero Super Element Cleaners	p. 221
Zand-Air Cleaners	p. 222
Comefresh Electronic Industry Cleaner	p. 224
Airpura Purifiers	p. 226
Air OasisÖ Purifier	p. 229
Air Sterilizer "Medicare"	p. 231
Photocatalytic Cold Fluorescent Lamp	p. 231
References	p. 232
Standardization	p. 235
Introduction	p. 235
Efficiency Parameters of Photocatalytic Systems	p. 236
Quantum Yield	p. 236
Experimental Method for the Determination of Absorbed Photons	p. 238
Photochemical Thermodynamic Efficiency Factor	p. 240
Technological Parameters	p. 241
Experimental Comparison of Photocatalytic Systems	p. 243
Photocatalytic Films	p. 244
Cementitious Building Materials	p. 249
Paving Blocks	p. 255
References	p. 258
Subject Index	p. 262
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