Client-Centered Care for Clinical Medical Assisting

by Koprucki, Victoria R.

• ISBN13: 9781401861780
• ISBN10: 1401861784
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2006-08-18
• Publisher: Delmar Cengage Learning

Summary

The unique work-text approach of Client-Centered Care for Clinical Medical Assisting facilitates the mastery of entry-level clinical procedures while adapting these to the needs of a particular client group. Identifying the needs of the client, establishing trust, sharing information, and assisting the client while performing clinical competencies, are all challenges facing the medical assistant. This book is designed to keep the focus on the client and the medical assistant's role in working with the client, and uses language that makes it easier to translate complex medical concepts into language the client will readily understand.

Table of Contents

Preface	xvii
List of Procedures	xxiii
List of Client Teaching Plans	xxvi
Reviewers	xxvii
How to Use This Book	xxviii
UNIT ONE The Nature of Medical Assisting
The Medical Assisting Profession	2	(12)
Introduction	4	(1)
Medical Assisting Education	4	(3)
Administrative or Business	4	(1)
Clinical	5	(1)
Externship	6	(1)
Qualities of a Medical Assistant	7	(1)
Portfolios	8	(6)
How to Organize Your Portfolio	8	(1)
Benefits to Students	8	(1)
Benefits to Employers	9	(5)
The Health Care Environment	14	(14)
Introduction	16	(1)
Places and Costs of Client Care	16	(1)
Places Where Client Care Is Given	16	(2)
Medical Offices	17	(1)
Ambulatory Centers	17	(1)
Hospitals	17	(1)
Long-Term Care Facilities	18	(1)
Laboratories	18	(1)
Paying for Health Care	18	(1)
Health Care Workers	19	(1)
Changes in the Health Care Environment	20	(1)
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act	20	(1)
Privacy Guidelines	21	(7)
Privacy Standards	21	(1)
Security Rule	21	(1)
Outside and Inside Risks	21	(1)
Precautions	22	(1)
HIPAA Security Incidents	22	(6)
UNIT TWO Introduction to Clinical Medical Assisting
Infection Control	28	(16)
Introduction	30	(1)
Microorganisms	30	(1)
Growth Factors	30	(1)
Maintaining a Safe, Healthful Environment	30	(2)
Handwashing	30	(1)
Health	31	(1)
Personal Hygiene	31	(1)
Cleanliness	31	(1)
Contact with Others	32	(1)
The Infection Cycle	32	(1)
How the Body Protects Itself	33	(11)
Vital Signs	44	(34)
Introduction	46	(1)
Body Temperature	46	(2)
Heat Production	46	(1)
Heat Loss	46	(1)
Measuring Body Temperature	47	(1)
Variations in Body Temperature	48	(1)
Pulse	48	(2)
Measuring Pulses	48	(1)
Rate. Rhythm, and Volume	49	(1)
Variations in Pulse	49	(1)
Respiration	50	(1)
Measuring Respiration	50	(1)
Variations in Respiration	51	(1)
Blood Pressure	51	(2)
Measuring Blood Pressure	51	(1)
Variations in Blood Pressure	51	(2)
Pain	53	(25)
Measuring Pain	53	(1)
Variations in Pain	53	(1)
Treatment for Pain	54	(24)
Client Examination	78	(48)
Introduction	80	(1)
Welcoming the Client	80	(1)
Course of Treatment	81	(1)
Client's Response	81	(1)
Client Satisfaction	81	(1)
Interviewing	81	(2)
Past Medical History	82	(1)
Review of Systems	83	(1)
Other Documentation	83	(1)
Standard (Common) Procedures	83	(5)
Height	84	(1)
Weight	84	(1)
Vision	85	(1)
Hearing	86	(1)
Mobility	86	(2)
Examination	88	(5)
Preparing the Client for Examination	88	(2)
Methods of Examination	90	(1)
Positioning the Client for Examination	91	(2)
Assisting with Examinations	93	(1)
Specialty Examinations	94	(32)
UNIT THREE Body Systems
Organization of the Human Body	126	(10)
Introduction	128	(1)
Basic Units of the Body	128	(2)
Cells	128	(1)
Tissues	128	(2)
Organs	130	(1)
Systems	130	(1)
Body Position, Direction, and Location	130	(6)
Directional Language	131	(5)
Integumentary System	136	(12)
Introduction	138	(1)
Structure	138	(2)
Epidermis	138	(1)
Dermis	138	(1)
Subcutaneous Layer	138	(1)
Color	139	(1)
Accessory Structures	140	(1)
Hair	140	(1)
Nails	141	(1)
Glands	141	(1)
Functions of the Integumentary System	141	(7)
Protection	141	(1)
Metabolism	142	(1)
Thermoregulation	142	(1)
Sensation	142	(1)
Communication	142	(6)
Skeletal System	148	(12)
Introduction	150	(1)
Bones	150	(3)
Joints	151	(2)
Functions of the Skeletal System	153	(7)
Support	153	(1)
Protection	153	(1)
Movement	153	(1)
Mineral Storage	153	(1)
Red Blood Cell Production	153	(7)
Muscular System	160	(12)
Introduction	162	(1)
Muscles	162	(2)
Work of Muscles	164	(1)
Thermoregulation	164	(1)
Movement	164	(1)
Support and Protection	164	(1)
Shape	164	(1)
Body Mechanics	165	(7)
Nervous System and Sensory System	172	(14)
Introduction	174	(1)
The Nervous System	174	(1)
Central Nervous System	174	(3)
Cerebrum	175	(1)
Cerebellum	175	(1)
Brainstem	176	(1)
Small Essential Parts of the Brain	176	(1)
Diencephalon	176	(1)
Spinal Cord	176	(1)
How the Central Nervous System Is Protected	176	(1)
Peripheral Nervous System	177	(3)
Autonomic Nervous System	177	(3)
Sensory System	180	(6)
Sight	180	(1)
Hearing	181	(1)
Taste and Smell	181	(1)
Touch	182	(4)
Endocrine System	186	(10)
Introduction	188	(1)
Major Endocrine Glands	188	(4)
Pineal Gland	188	(1)
Pituitary Gland	188	(1)
Thyroid Gland and Parathyroid Gland	189	(1)
Thymus Gland	190	(1)
Adrenal Glands	190	(1)
Pancreas	191	(1)
Gonads	192	(1)
Major Exocrine Glands	192	(1)
Sweat Glands	192	(1)
Lacrimal Glands	192	(1)
Mammary Glands	192	(1)
Salivary Glands	192	(1)
Additional Hormone-Releasing Body Areas	193	(3)
Cardiovascular System	196	(14)
Introduction	200	(1)
Heart	200	(2)
Chambers	200	(1)
Valves	201	(1)
Pathway of Blood through the Heart	202	(1)
Pathway of Electrical Impulses of the Heart	203	(1)
The Heart's Blood Supply	203	(7)
Hematologic and Lymphatic Systems	210	(12)
Introduction	212	(1)
Major Parts of the Hematologic System	212	(2)
Plasma	212	(1)
Formed Elements	212	(2)
Blood Groups	214	(1)
Major Parts of the Lymphatic System	214	(8)
Immune System	222	(10)
Introduction	224	(1)
Lymphocytes	224	(1)
Nonspecific Immunity	224	(1)
Specific Immunity	224	(8)
Inborn Immunity	226	(1)
Acquired Immunity	226	(6)
Respiratory System	232	(10)
Introduction	234	(1)
Upper Respiratory Tract	234	(2)
Lower Respiratory Tract	236	(1)
Mechanics of Breathing	236	(6)
Digestive System	242	(12)
Introduction	244	(1)
Organs of the Digestive System	244	(4)
Mouth, Teeth, and Tongue	244	(1)
Salivary Glands	245	(1)
Pharynx. Esophagus	245	(1)
Stomach	246	(1)
Small Intestine	246	(1)
Large Intestine	247	(1)
Accessory Organs	248	(1)
Liver	248	(1)
Gallbladder	249	(1)
Metabolism	249	(5)
Urinary System	254	(10)
Introduction	256	(1)
Parts of the Urinary System	256	(2)
Kidney	256	(1)
Ureters	257	(1)
Urinary Bladder	258	(1)
Urethra	258	(1)
Production of Urine	258	(1)
Factors That Influence the Amount of Urine	258	(1)
Appearance	258	(1)
Other Functions of the Urinary System	259	(5)
Male Reproductive System	264	(6)
Introduction	266	(1)
The Male Reproductive System	266	(4)
External Structures	267	(1)
Internal Structures	267	(1)
Accessory Glands	267	(3)
Female Reproductive System	270	(12)
Introduction	272	(1)
The Female Reproductive System	272	(2)
External Structures	272	(2)
Internal Structures	274	(1)
Mammary Glands	274	(1)
The Menstrual Cycle	274	(2)
Menopause	276	(6)
UNIT FOUR Common System Disorders
Integumentary System Disorders	282	(12)
Introduction	284	(1)
Skin Lesions	284	(1)
Acute Disorders	284	(1)
Urticaria	284	(1)
Chronic Disorders	284	(3)
Atopic Dermatitis	286	(1)
Psoriasis	286	(1)
Vitiligo	286	(1)
Infection	287	(7)
Athlete's Foot	287	(1)
Ringworm	287	(1)
Acne Vulgaris	287	(1)
Boils	287	(1)
Impetigo	287	(1)
Viral Infections	287	(1)
Hemangioma	288	(1)
Skin Cancer	288	(6)
Skeletal System Disorders	294	(14)
Introduction	296	(1)
Acute Conditions	296	(2)
Fractures	296	(1)
Sprains	297	(1)
Strains	297	(1)
Dislocations	297	(1)
Chronic Disorders	298	(2)
Frozen Shoulder	298	(1)
Arthritis	298	(1)
Bursitis	299	(1)
Bone Cancer	299	(1)
Spine Curvatures	300	(1)
Kyphosis	300	(1)
Lordosis	300	(1)
Scoliosis	300	(1)
Osteoporosis	300	(8)
Muscular System Disorders	308	(12)
Introduction	310	(1)
Acute Disorders	310	(1)
Chronic Muscle Pain	311	(1)
Fibromyalgia	311	(1)
Chronic Disorders	311	(9)
Weakness	311	(1)
Contractures	312	(1)
Atrophy	312	(1)
Myasthenia Gravis	312	(1)
Muscular Dystrophy	313	(7)
Nervous System and Sensory System Disorders	320	(18)
Introduction	322	(1)
Nervous System Disorders	322	(4)
Parkinson's	322	(1)
Seizures	323	(1)
Dementia	323	(1)
Multiple Sclerosis	324	(1)
Stroke	324	(2)
Injuries to the Nervous System	326	(1)
Head Injury	326	(1)
Concussion	326	(1)
Cervical Spine Injury	326	(1)
Headache	326	(1)
Sensory Disorders	326	(12)
Chronic Eye Disorders	326	(4)
Visual Disorders	330	(1)
Ear Disorders	331	(1)
Hearing Loss	331	(1)
Smell	332	(1)
Taste	332	(6)
Endocrine System Disorders	338	(12)
Introduction	340	(1)
Pituitary Disorders	340	(1)
Thyroid and Parathyroid Disorders	341	(1)
Adrenal Gland Disorders	342	(1)
Pancreas Disorder	342	(8)
Cardiovascular System Disorders	350	(12)
Introduction	352	(1)
Myocardial Infarction	352	(1)
Angina Pectoris	352	(1)
Cardiac Dysrhythmia	353	(1)
Inflammation of the Heart	353	(9)
Endocarditis	353	(1)
Pericarditis	353	(1)
Phlebitis	354	(1)
Aneurysm	354	(1)
Arteriosclerosis	354	(1)
Hypertension	354	(2)
Valvular Heart Disorder	356	(1)
Congestive Heart Failure	356	(6)
Hematologic and Lymphatic System Disorders	362	(10)
Introduction	364	(1)
Diagnostic Tests	364	(1)
Red Blood Cell Disorders	364	(1)
Iron-Deficiency Anemia	364	(1)
Folic Acid Anemia	365	(1)
Hemorrhagic Anemia	365	(1)
Pernicious Anemia	365	(1)
Sickle Cell Anemia	365	(1)
White Blood Cell Disorders	365	(1)
Neutropenia	365	(1)
Platelet Disorders	366	(1)
Thrombocythemia	366	(1)
Thrombocytopenia	366	(1)
Hemophilia	366	(1)
Infectious Disorders	367	(1)
Lymphatic System Disorders	367	(5)
Immune System Disorders	372	(14)
Introduction	374	(1)
Hypersensitivity/Allergic Disorders	374	(2)
Types of Allergic Responses	375	(1)
Anaphylaxis	375	(1)
Diagnostic Testing	376	(1)
Autoimmune Disorders	376	(1)
Immunodeficiency	377	(9)
Diagnostic Tests	380	(1)
Treatment	380	(6)
Respiratory System Disorders	386	(12)
Introduction	388	(1)
Acute Disorders	388	(2)
Acute Coryza	388	(1)
Influenza	388	(1)
Pneumonia	388	(1)
Tuberculosis	389	(1)
Pleurisy	389	(1)
Atelectasis	389	(1)
Chronic Disorders	390	(1)
Asthma	390	(1)
Emphysema	390	(1)
Lung Cancer	391	(7)
Digestive System Disorders	398	(14)
Introduction	400	(1)
Diarrhea	400	(1)
Constipation	400	(1)
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disorder	401	(1)
Ulcers	401	(1)
Gastroenteritis	401	(1)
Diverticulosis and Diverticulitis	402	(1)
Intestinal Obstruction (Colon Blockage)	402	(1)
Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)	402	(1)
Irritable Bowel Syndrome	403	(1)
Hepatitis	404	(1)
Hepatitis A	404	(1)
Hepatitis B	404	(1)
Hepatitis C	404	(1)
Hepatitis D	404	(1)
Hepatitis E	404	(1)
Cirrhosis of the Liver	404	(1)
Gallstones	405	(1)
Cholecystitis	405	(1)
Appendicitis	405	(1)
Pancreatitis	405	(1)
Cancer	406	(6)
Urinary System Disorders	412	(12)
Introduction	414	(1)
Urinary Disorders	414	(2)
Cystitis	414	(1)
Urethritis	415	(1)
Urinary Incontinence	415	(1)
Urinary Retention	416	(1)
Kidney Disorders	416	(8)
Pyelitis	416	(1)
Pyelonephritis	416	(1)
Glomerulonephritis	416	(1)
Hydronephrosis	417	(1)
Kidney Stones	417	(1)
Polycystic Disorder	418	(1)
Renal Failure	418	(6)
Male Reproductive System Disorders	424	(12)
Introduction	426	(1)
Diagnostic Tests	426	(1)
Prostate Cancer	426	(1)
Inflammation or Infections of the Male Reproductive System	427	(1)
Sexually Transmitted Diseases	428	(8)
Genital Herpes	429	(1)
Genital Warts	429	(1)
Gonorrhea	429	(1)
Syphilis	429	(7)
Female Reproductive System Disorders	436	(16)
Introduction	438	(1)
Diagnostic Tests	438	(1)
Pelvic Examination	438	(1)
Breast Examination	438	(1)
Menstrual Cycle Concerns	439	(1)
Amenorrhea	439	(1)
Dysmenorrhea	439	(1)
Menorrhagia	439	(1)
Metrorrhagia	440	(1)
Toxic Shock Syndrome	440	(1)
Premenstrual Syndrome	440	(1)
Menopause	440	(1)
Vaginal Dryness	440	(1)
Inflammatory Disorders	440	(1)
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease	441	(1)
Endometriosis	441	(1)
Ovarian Cysts	441	(1)
Disorders of Organ Structure	441	(1)
Breast Cancer	442	(10)
UNIT FIVE Specialty Topics in Clinical Medical Assisting
The Client with Special Needs	452	(24)
Introduction	454	(1)
Physical Disabilities	454	(1)
Sight Impairment	454	(1)
Communicating with the Client Who Has a Visual Impairment	454	(1)
Hearing Impairment	455	(1)
Speech Impairment	456	(1)
Mobility Impairment	456	(1)
Cognitive Impairment	457	(19)
Communicating with the Cognitively Impaired Client	457	(1)
Pain and Cognitive Impairment	458	(18)
The Geriatric Client	476	(10)
Introduction	478	(1)
The Client Who Is Elderly	478	(1)
Medication and the Older Client	478	(2)
Medications in the Body	479	(1)
Over-the-Counter Medications	479	(1)
Sensory Changes in the Elderly	480	(1)
Sight	480	(1)
Hearing	480	(1)
Taste	481	(1)
Smell	481	(1)
Touch	481	(1)
Pain	481	(1)
Walking and Getting Around	481	(5)
The Pediatric Client	486	(18)
Introduction	488	(1)
Office Visits	488	(1)
Vital Signs	488	(3)
Head and Chest Circumference	488	(1)
Infant Height and Weight	488	(2)
Child's Height and Weight	490	(1)
Temperature	490	(1)
Pulse	490	(1)
Respiration	491	(1)
Blood Pressure	491	(1)
Specimen Collection	491	(1)
Immunization	491	(1)
Vision and Hearing Testing	492	(1)
Disorders in Children	492	(12)
Scoliosis	493	(1)
Anorexia Nervosa	493	(11)
Medication and the Client Population	504	(46)
Introduction	506	(1)
Pharmacology	506	(1)
Medication Sources	506	(1)
Forms of Medications	507	(5)
Oral	507	(1)
Topical	508	(1)
Rectal	509	(1)
Injection	510	(1)
Inhalation	511	(1)
Intravenous Therapy	512	(2)
Purpose	512	(1)
Equipment	512	(1)
Site Preparation	513	(1)
IV Flow Rates	513	(1)
Site Maintenance	513	(1)
Safety of Medications in the United States	514	(1)
Categories of Drugs	514	(1)
Controlled Substances	515	(1)
Giving Instructions to Clients	515	(35)
Right Medication	516	(1)
Right Amount	516	(1)
Right Time	517	(1)
Right Route	517	(1)
Right Client	517	(1)
Right Documentation	517	(33)
Healthy Lifestyle in the Primary Client Population	550	(14)
Introduction	552	(1)
Nutrition and Exercise	552	(1)
Smoking	553	(1)
Secondhand Smoke	554	(1)
Alcohol	554	(2)
Alcohol Abuse	555	(1)
Drugs	556	(1)
Mental Health	557	(7)
Exercise and Stress	557	(1)
The Medical Assistant's Role in Client Mental Health	557	(1)
Rest and Stress	558	(1)
Identifying Stressors	558	(6)
Minor Surgery	564	(26)
Introduction	566	(1)
Role of the Medical Assistant in Minor Surgery	566	(1)
Common Procedures	566	(1)
Surgical Handwashing	567	(2)
Surgical Instruments	569	(1)
Scalpels	570	(1)
Curettes	570	(1)
Forceps	570	(1)
Scissors	570	(1)
Speculums	570	(1)
Parts of Instruments	570	(2)
Care of Instruments	572	(18)
Medical Office Emergencies and First Aid	590	(28)
Introduction	592	(1)
Basic Guidelines	592	(1)
Keep Calm	592	(1)
Be Prepared	592	(1)
Legal Issues	593	(1)
Equipment	593	(1)
Emergency Status	594	(24)
Bleeding	594	(1)
Heart Attack	595	(1)
Choking	596	(1)
Seizures	596	(1)
Poisoning	597	(21)
UNIT SIX Diagnostics and Clinical Laboratory
Physician Office Laboratory	618	(22)
Introduction	620	(1)
Purpose of Laboratory Tests	620	(1)
Screening	620	(1)
Clinical Diagnosis	620	(1)
Differential Diagnosis	620	(1)
Tracking Progress	620	(1)
Treatment	620	(1)
Types of Laboratories	621	(1)
The Physician's Office Laboratories	621	(1)
Additional Types of Laboratories	622	(1)
Manual and Automated Testing	622	(1)
Occupational Safety and Health Administration	623	(2)
Medical Assistant Laboratory Safety Concerns	625	(15)
Urinalysis	640	(24)
Introduction	642	(1)
Urine Tests	642	(1)
Random Tests	642	(1)
Timed Tests	642	(1)
Eight-Hour Tests	642	(1)
Methods of Collection	643	(1)
Random	643	(1)
Clean-Catch	643	(1)
24-Hour	643	(1)
Urethral Catheterization	644	(1)
Urine Specimen Processing	644	(1)
Container	644	(1)
Labeling	644	(1)
Urinalysis	645	(19)
Physical Examination	645	(1)
Chemical Examination	646	(2)
Microscopic Examination	648	(16)
Hematology and Venipuncture	664	(22)
Introduction	666	(1)
Testing	666	(2)
Complete Blood Count	666	(1)
Hematocrit	666	(1)
Hemoglobin	666	(1)
Mean Corpuscular Volume. Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin, and Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration	667	(1)
Platelet Count	667	(1)
White Blood Cell Count and Differential	667	(1)
Venipuncture	668	(18)
Client Preparation	668	(1)
Equipment and Supplies	668	(1)
Site Selection	669	(1)
Points to Remember	670	(1)
Order of Draw	670	(16)
Cardiac Diagnostic Laboratory	686	(16)
Introduction	688	(1)
Electrocardiogram	688	(1)
Client Preparation	688	(1)
Conducting the Test	688	(1)
Holter Monitor	688	(3)
Client Preparation	690	(1)
Conducting the Test	690	(1)
Stress Test	691	(1)
Client Preparation	691	(1)
Conducting the Test	691	(1)
Echocardiogram	691	(11)
Client Preparation	691	(1)
Conducting the Test	691	(11)
Blood Chemistry	702	(14)
Introduction	704	(1)
Carbohydrates	704	(1)
Tests	704	(1)
Tests to Measure Blood Glucose	704	(1)
Lipids	705	(1)
Cholesterol	705	(1)
Triglycerides	706	(1)
Medical Assistant's Role	706	(1)
Protein	706	(1)
Other Chemistry Tests	706	(10)
Medical Assistant's Role	707	(9)
Radiological Diagnostic Laboratory	716	(13)
Introduction	718	(1)
X-Rays	718	(1)
Divisions of Radiology	718	(1)
Diagnostic Radiology	718	(1)
Therapeutic Radiology	718	(1)
Nuclear Medicine	719	(1)
Safety	719	(1)
Source	719	(1)
Clients and Health Care Providers	719	(1)
Exposure	719	(1)
Selected Tests and Client Preparation	720	(9)
Plain X-Ray	720	(1)
Mammography	720	(1)
Tests with Contrast Medium	721	(1)
CT Scan	722	(1)
MRI	723	(6)
Competency Skill Checklists	729	(194)
Glossary	923	(13)
AAMA Role Delineation Correlation Chart	936	(4)
ABHES Curriculum Correlation Guide	940	(4)
CAAHEP Curriculum Correlation Guide	944	(4)
References	948	(1)
Index	949