Clinical Applications of the Interferons

by Stuart-Harris, Robin; Penny, Ronald D.

• ISBN13: 9780412602504
• ISBN10: 0412602504
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 1997-03-01
• Publisher: Hodder Education Publishers

Summary

This comprehensive, up-to-date summary of current knowledge covers the biological structure and function, and the clinical applications, of the interferons. The history of the development and introduction of the interferons into clinical practice are discussed, followed by a thoroughexploration of their mechanisms of action and possible future developments in the field. Sections on the use of interferons in the treatment of solid tumors and viral, hematological and non-malignant disease emphasise the multidisciplinary nature of the field. Toxicities associated with therapy arealso covered. Thus 'Clinical Applications of the Interferons' is an essential reference for trainee and practising virologists, immunologists, hematologists, oncologists and other specialists with an interest in this rapidly expanding area.

Table of Contents

Contributors	xii	(3)
Dedication	xv	(1)
Preface	xvi	(2)
Abbreviations	xviii
1. History of the development of the interferons: from test-tube to patient	1	(18)
Toine Pieters
Introduction	1	(1)
'The antiviral penicillin'	2	(3)
The emergence of interferon as an anticancer agent	5	(3)
Towards a 'new' kind of cancer therapy: the interferons	8	(4)
The interferons: retrospect and prospect	12	(7)
2. Mechanisms of action of the interferons: biological basis	19	(14)
Ferdinando Dianzani
Guido Antonelli
Introduction	19	(2)
Biological activities of the interferons	21	(6)
The biological basis for side effects	27	(1)
Conclusions	28	(5)
3. Mechanisms of action of the interferons: genetic and biochemical aspects	33	(20)
Sidney Pestka
Introduction	33	(1)
Purification of human leukocyte interferon	33	(3)
Amino acid sequences of leukocyte interferons	36	(1)
Carbohydrate content	36	(1)
Isolation of recombinants	36	(1)
Purification of recombinant human leukocyte interferon	37	(2)
Interferon receptors	39	(7)
Conclusions	46	(7)
4. Interferon in chronic viral hepatitis	53	(14)
Janice Main
Howard C. Thomas
Introduction	53	(1)
Chronic hepatitis B virus infection	53	(1)
Interferon therapy	53	(5)
Hepatitis C virus infection	58	(5)
Chronic hepatitis D virus	63	(1)
Summary	64	(3)
5. The role of interferons in the treatment of AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma and HIV infection	67	(12)
Ronald T. Mitsuyasu
Summary	67	(1)
Etiology of Kaposi's sarcoma	67	(2)
The rationale for interferon therapy	69	(1)
Interferon-alpha for Kaposi's sarcoma	69	(5)
Interferon-beta	74	(1)
Interferon-gamma	74	(1)
Conclusions	74	(5)
6. Papillomatosis and condylomata acuminata	79	(12)
Ian H. Frazer
Nigel A. J. McMillan
Papillomavirus infection	79	(1)
Mechanism of interferon action specific for papillomavirus-induced disease	80	(2)
Clinical trials of interferon in genital papillomavirus infection	82	(5)
Conclusions	87	(4)
7. Interferon in the treatment of myeloproliferative disorders	91	(18)
Jorge Cortes
Moshe Talpaz
Hairy cell leukemia	91	(1)
Introduction	91	(1)
Therapy with interferon	91	(2)
Other Interferons	93	(1)
Conclusions	94	(1)
Chronic myelogenous leukemia	95	(1)
Introduction	95	(1)
Therapy with interferon	96	(6)
Conclusions	102	(1)
Hypereosinophilic syndrome	102	(1)
Introduction	102	(1)
Interferon	102	(1)
Conclusions	103	(1)
Systemic mast cell disease	103	(1)
Introduction	103	(1)
Interferon	103	(1)
Conclusions	104	(5)
8. Multiple myeloma	109	(10)
F. Mandelli
M. T. Petrucci
G. Avvisati
Introduction	109	(1)
Mechanisms of action of the interferons in multiple myeloma	109	(1)
Clinical studies of interferon in multiple myeloma	110	(9)
9. Interferon in the treatment of essential thrombocythemia	119	(10)
Mario Lazzarino
Introduction	119	(1)
Open issues on the treatment of essential thrombocythemia	120	(1)
The use of interferons in essential thrombocythemia	121	(1)
Clinical trials with interferon-alpha in essential thrombocythemia	122	(3)
Conclusions	125	(4)
10. Interferon therapy in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and Hodgkin's disease	129	(14)
Bertrand Coiffier
Introduction	129	(1)
Rationale for the use of interferon in lymphoma	129	(1)
Early phase I or II trials of interferon in lymphoma	130	(1)
Follicular (follicle center) lymphoma	130	(5)
Other low grade B-cell lymphomas and chronic lymphocytic leukemia	135	(1)
Large cell lymphomas and other aggressive lymphomas	136	(1)
Hodgkin's disease	136	(1)
Cutaneous T-cell lymphomas	136	(1)
Adjuvant therapy after high-dose therapy with autologous stem cell transplantation	137	(6)
11. Interferon in gastrointestinal tumors: carcinoid tumors	143	(8)
Kjell Oberg
Introduction	143	(2)
Interferon therapy	145	(1)
Combination therapy with interferon-alpha	146	(1)
Adverse reactions to interferon-alpha	147	(1)
Mechanisms of action of interferon-alpha in carcinoid tumors	147	(1)
Conclusions	148	(3)
12. The genetics of colorectal cancer and the role of interferons: towards a rational approach to therapeutic design	151	(18)
Scott Wadler
Edward L. Schwartz
Colorectal cancer: the clinical problem	151	(1)
The molecular genetics of colorectal cancer	151	(4)
Empirical therapies for colorectal cancer	155	(1)
Biochemical modulation: towards a rational treatment strategy for advanced colorectal cancer	155	(1)
Interferon: a novel approach to biochemical modulation of fluoropyrimidines	156	(1)
Interferon regulatory events in 5-fluorouracil treated cells	157	(1)
5-Fluorouracil and interferon: from laboratory to clinic	158	(3)
Future directions for treatment with interferon-containing regimens	161	(8)
13. Melanoma and basal cell carcinoma	169	(16)
P. Hersey
Introduction	169	(1)
Interferons as single agents in the treatment of disseminated melanoma	169	(8)
Treatment of basal cell carcinoma with interferons	177	(8)
14. Ovarian cancer	185	(12)
J. A. Bridgewater
M. E. Gore
Ovarian cancer: etiology and standard therapy	185	(1)
Current chemotherapy for ovarian cancer	186	(1)
Experimental data for the efficacy of interferons in epithelial ovarian cancer	187	(1)
Systemic interferon	188	(1)
Intraperitoneal therapy	189	(4)
Summary	193	(4)
15. Interferon in urological tumors: bladder cancer	197	(14)
Phillip Ruiz
Azorides Morales
General characteristics of bladder cancer	197	(1)
Immunological features of bladder cancer	198	(2)
Clinical therapy of bladder cancer	200	(1)
Clinical use of interferon in bladder cancer	201	(10)
16. Interferon in urological tumors: renal carcinoma	211	(14)
Robert A. Figlin
Barbara J. Gitlitz
Introduction	211	(1)
Interferon-alpha	212	(7)
Interferon-gamma	219	(1)
Interferon-beta	219	(1)
Conclusions	220	(5)
17. Mesothelioma	225	(12)
J. A. Davidson
B. W. S. Robinson
Introduction	225	(1)
Malignant mesothelioma cells as targets for immune effector cells	225	(3)
Interferon in the treatment of malignant mesothelioma	228	(9)
18. Interferon-alpha in combination with other biological agents	237	(18)
John M. Wallmark
Steven E. Benner
Antonio C. Buzaid
Scott M. Lippman
Introduction	237	(1)
Retinoids and interferons	237	(4)
Interleukin-2 and interferon	241	(2)
Clinical experience	243	(12)
19. Antiangiogenic therapy of hemangiomas with interferon-alpha	255	(12)
Judah Folkman
John B. Mulliken
R. Alan B. Ezekowitz
Introduction	255	(1)
Clinical studies of interferon-alpha for the treatment of endangering hemangiomas	256	(2)
Toxicities of interferon-alpha	258	(1)
Current protocol for interferon-alpha therapy	259	(2)
A model of the mechanism for the antiangiogenic property of interferon-alpha	261	(1)
Implications for other diseases treated with interferon-alpha	261	(1)
Antiangiogenic activity of interferon-alpha in comparison to other angiogenesis inhibitors	262	(1)
Future directions	262	(5)
20. Interferon in nonmalignant diseases: scleroderma, keloid, fibrosis	267	(8)
James Williamson
Ronald D. Penny
Introduction	267	(1)
Fibrosis and wound healing	267	(2)
Scleroderma	269	(1)
Keloid	270	(5)
21. Treatment of multiple sclerosis with interferon	275	(16)
Bianca Weinstock-Guttman
Richard A. Rudick
Introduction	275	(1)
Interferon trials in multiple sclerosis	276	(8)
Biological effects of interferons: relationship to efficacy in multiple sclerosis	284	(7)
22. Interferon-gamma in nonmalignant disease	291	(24)
Benjamin A. Kruskal
R. Alan B. Ezekowitz
Introduction	291	(1)
Physiology of interferon-gamma	292	(2)
Pharmacology of interferon-gamma	294	(1)
Chronic granulomatous disease	295	(1)
Interferon-gamma in the treatment of infections	296	(3)
Interferon-gamma therapy for immunodeficiencies	299	(4)
Interferon-gamma as a vaccine adjuvant	303	(1)
Interferon-gamma in the treatment of autoimmune and inflammatory disorders	303	(3)
Conclusions	306	(9)
23. Interferon-gamma in malignant disease	315	(16)
Margaret von Mehren
Louis M. Weiner
Introduction	315	(1)
Structure of interferon-gamma	315	(1)
Function of interferon-gamma	315	(2)
Phase I trials of interferon-gamma	317	(3)
Interferon-gamma in combination therapy	320	(3)
Phase II trials in specific tumors	323	(4)
Conclusions	327	(4)
24. Toxicities of interferons	331	(34)
Hans Strander
Introduction	331	(1)
General aspects	331	(3)
Acute toxicity	334	(2)
Autoimmunity	336	(3)
Effects on hormones and lipids	339	(1)
Cardiovascular toxicity	340	(1)
Hematological toxicity	340	(1)
Neurotoxicity	341	(2)
Ocular toxicity	343	(1)
Cutaneous and mucosal toxicities	343	(1)
Intestinal disturbance and liver toxicity	343	(1)
Renal toxicity	344	(1)
Infections	344	(1)
Anti-interferon antibodies	345	(1)
Tumor induction	345	(1)
Toxicities of combination therapies	345	(3)
Treatment of side effects	348	(1)
Prevention of toxicity	349	(1)
Summary	349	(16)
25. Nursing and pharmacy aspects of interferon therapy	365	(12)
Suzanne Cromie
Ingrid Sand
Introduction	365	(1)
Pretreatment interview and assessment	365	(2)
Treatment phase	367	(3)
Pharmacy aspects	370	(2)
Side effects: comments and management	372	(2)
Follow-up phase	374	(1)
Conclusions	374	(1)
Appendix 25A: Practical guidelines for outpatient administration of interferon	375	(1)
Appendix 25B: Selected comments of patients in the pilot study on their reactions to interferon therapy	375	(2)
26. The economic aspects of interferon	377	(14)
Alan Shiell
Glenn Salkeld
Introduction	377	(2)
Principles of economic evaluation	379	(7)
Issues arising	386	(2)
Conclusions	388	(3)
27. Systemic administration of interferons for inhibition of cancer metastasis	391	(14)
Rakesh K. Singh
Isaiah J. Fidler
Introduction	391	(1)
The pathogenesis of cancer metastasis	391	(3)
Expression of the angiogenic phenotype in metastatic tumors	394	(1)
Control of angiogenesis by interferons	395	(1)
Control of tumor cell invasion by interferons	396	(2)
Expression of multidrug resistant phenotype by metastatic cells	398	(1)
Interferon therapy of cancer metastasis: future directions	399	(6)
Index	405