The Clinician and the Therapeutic Process | |
Chapter Objectives | |
The Effective Clinician | |
The Importance of the Clinician | |
Clinician Attitudes About Stuttering and People Who Stutter | |
Investigations of Clinical Preparation | |
How Clinicians Interpret the Disorder | |
Clinician Personality Attributes | |
Clinician Intervention Skills | |
Becoming Less Inhibited as a Clinician | |
Avoiding Dogmatic Decisions | |
Opening Your Treatment Focus | |
Calibrating to the Client | |
Observing Silence | |
Modeling Risk Taking | |
Challenging the Client | |
Developing Expertise: Implications for Clinicians | |
Decision Making with Rules and Principles | |
Specialty Recognition in Fluency Disorders | |
Humor and the Clinician | |
An Historical Perspective | |
Acknowledging Humor During Therapeutic Change | |
The Conceptual Shift | |
Distancing With Humor | |
Mastery and Humor | |
Conclusion | |
Topics for Discussion | |
Recommended Readings | |
The Nature of Fluent and Nonfluent Speech: The Onset of Stuttering | |
Chapter Objectives | |
The Characteristics of Normal Fluency | |
Fluency in Adult Speakers | |
Defining Stuttering and Related Terms | |
Definitions of Stuttering | |
Distinguishing Stuttering from Normal Fluency Breaks | |
The Speakers Loss of Control | |
The Fluency Breaks of Children | |
Characteristics at the Onset of Stuttering | |
Age and Gender | |
Rate and Uniformity of Onset | |
Stuttering-Like Disfluencies | |
Clustering of Disfluencies | |
Awareness and Reaction of the Child to Disfluency | |
Conditions Contributing to Onset | |
More Influential Factors | |
Age | |
Gender | |
Genetic Factors | |
Twinning | |
Cognitive Abilities | |
Motor Abilities | |
Speech and Language Development | |
Response to Emotional Events | |
Less Influential Factors | |
Physical Development and Illness | |
Culture, Nationality and Socioeconomic Status | |
Bilingualism | |
Imitation | |
Conclusion | |
Topics for Discussion | |
Recommended Readings | |
An Historical Perspective of Etiologies | |
Chapter Objectives | |
Stereotypes of People who Stutter | |
The Variety of the People We See | |
Theories of Etiology - An Historical Perspective | |
Stuttering as a Symptom of Repressed Internal Conflict | |
Evidence from Empirical Investigations | |
Stuttering as a Learned Anticipatory Struggle | |
The Diagnosogenic Theory | |
Evidence from Empirical Investigations | |
The Continuity Hypothesis | |
Modes of Stuttering as an Operant Behavior | |
Evidence from Empirical Investigations | |
Problems with the Speakers Anatomical and Physiological Systems | |
The Possibility of Cerebral Asymmetry | |
Evidence from Empirical Investigations | |
The Wada Test | |
Dichotic Listening Procedures | |
Electroencephalography (EEG) and Event +Related Potentials (ERPs) | |
Evidence of Cerebral Asymmetry from Neuroimaging Studies | |
Structural and Functional Neuroimaging | |
Indications of Structural Differences | |
Indications of Functional Differences | |
Changes in Asymmetry as the Result of Fluency-Inducing Activities and Treatment | |
Summary of Neuroimaging Evidence | |
Disruption of Cognitive-Linguistic and Motor Sequencing Processes | |
The Modified Vocalization Hypothesis | |
Evidence from Empirical Investigations | |
The Dual Premotor Systems Hypothesis | |
Evidence from Empirical Investigations | |
The Covert Repair Hypotheses | |
Evidence from Empirical Investigations | |
The Execution and Planning (EXPLAN) Model | |
Evidence from Empirical Investigations | |
Cybergenic and Feedback Models | |
Evidence from Empirical Investigations | |
Multifactorial Theories | |
The Demands and Capacities Model | |
The Dynamic-Multifactorial Model | |
The Neurophysiological Model | |
Evidence from the Human Genome | |
Conclusion | |
Topics for Discussion | |
Recommended Readings | |
The Assessment Process with Adolescents and Adults | |
Chapter Objectives | |
Fundamental Considerations | |
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