Clinical Neuropsychology: A Pocket Handbook for Assessment

by Snyder, Peter J.; Nussbaum, Paul David; Robins, Diana L.

• ISBN13: 9781591472834
• ISBN10: 1591472830
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2005-09-01
• Publisher: Amer Psychological Assn

Summary

Neuropsychologists consult in diverse health care settings, such as emergency care, oncology, infectious disease, cardiology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry. A pocket reference is a critical resource for interns, postdoctoral fellows, and practicing clinicians alike. With over 100 quick-reference tables, lists, diagrams, photos, and decision trees, this handbook offers guidance through the complicated work of assessment, diagnosis, and treatment. This new edition of Clinical Neuropsychology builds on the success of the best-selling first edition by adding information on how to use and interpret cutting-edge neuroimaging technologies and how to integrate pharmacological approaches into treatment. The reader will also find new chapters on neuro-oncology, schizophrenia, late-life depression, and adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Book jacket.

Table of Contents

Contributors	p. xix
About this handbook	p. 3
Clinical Neuropsychology: General Issues
The Medical Chart: Efficient Information-Gathering Strategies and Proper Chart Noting	p. 9
The Chart Review	p. 10
The Progress Note	p. 14
The Future of Medical Records	p. 15
Conclusion	p. 16
The Neurological Examination	p. 17
Mental Status Examination	p. 18
Cranial Nerve Examination	p. 19
Motor System Examination	p. 22
Sensory Examination	p. 29
Conclusion	p. 32
Laboratory Testing in Neuropsychology	p. 34
Blood Tests	p. 35
Cerebrospinal Fluid Tests	p. 40
Urine Tests	p. 46
Electroencephalography	p. 47
Neuroimaging	p. 48
Use of Testing in Specific Psychiatric Presentations	p. 51
Conclusion	p. 54
Neuroimaging and Clinical Neuropsychological Practice	p. 56
Common Neuroimaging Methods	p. 57
Common Clinical Applications of Neuroimaging	p. 67
Pharmacological Applications of Neuroimaging	p. 71
Conclusion	p. 71
The Bedside Neuropsychological Examination	p. 75
Disorders of Common Referral Populations	p. 76
Reviewing the Medical Record	p. 79
Conducting the Bedside Examination	p. 81
Interpretation of Test Results and Rendering of the Final Diagnosis	p. 95
Conclusion	p. 95
Detecting Negative Response Bias and Diagnosing Malingering: The Dissimulation Exam	p. 102
Definition of Malingering	p. 103
Suspicion of Malingering	p. 104
Diagnosis	p. 105
Conclusion	p. 115
Neuropsychology and the Human Life Span
General Assessment Issues for a Pediatric Population	p. 123
Understanding Brain-Behavior Relationships in Children	p. 123
Medical and Neurological Disorders of Childhood	p. 124
Issues Particular to Pediatric Assessment	p. 124
Suggested Procedures for the Pediatric Evaluation	p. 130
Conclusion	p. 152
Age-Related Memory Impairment	p. 155
Definition of Age-Related Memory Impairment	p. 155
Functional Neuroanatomic Correlates of Memory Impairment in Older People	p. 168
Competing Diagnoses	p. 168
History	p. 169
Sensory, Motor, and Physical Symptoms	p. 170
Serology and Laboratory Results	p. 171
EEG and Neuroimaging	p. 171
The Neuropsychological Examination	p. 173
Key Neuropsychological Measures	p. 173
Psychiatric and Psychological Comorbidities	p. 174
Treatments	p. 180
Conclusion	p. 180
Late-Life Depression	p. 183
Defining Late-Life Depression	p. 183
Clinical Interventions for Late-Life Depression	p. 190
Neuropsychological Assessment of Patients With Late-Life Depression	p. 194
Conclusion	p. 203
The Dementias	p. 210
Background	p. 211
Neuropsychological Evaluation of Dementia	p. 219
Conclusion	p. 231
Neurological Disorders
Assessment of Movement and Demyelinating Disorders	p. 243
Movement Disorders	p. 244
Demyelinating Disorders	p. 268
Conclusion	p. 286
Cerebrovascular Disease	p. 294
Classification of Cerebrovascular Disease	p. 294
Functional Neuroanatomic Correlates	p. 297
Diagnoses to Rule Out	p. 299
Relevant Laboratory, Neuroradiological, and Electrophysiological Studies	p. 299
Standard Neuropsychological Assessment	p. 303
Alternative Neuropsychological Testing	p. 303
The Neurological Examination	p. 308
Treatment Issues	p. 310
Psychiatric Comorbidity Associated With Stroke	p. 313
Conclusion	p. 315
Epilepsy and Nonepileptic Seizure Disorders	p. 318
Epilepsy	p. 319
Nonepileptic Seizures	p. 337
Conclusion	p. 345
Traumatic Brain Injury and Postconcussion Syndrome	p. 351
Classification	p. 352
Neuroanatomical Correlates of TBI and Concussion	p. 361
Neurodiagnostic Data	p. 362
Neuropsychological Assessment	p. 363
Assessment of Noncognitive Symptoms	p. 371
Psychiatric and Psychosocial Sequelae	p. 372
Persistent Postconcussion Syndrome	p. 374
Conclusion	p. 377
Neurotoxicology	p. 381
Parameters of Exposure	p. 381
Frequently Encountered Neurotoxins	p. 382
Documenting Exposure	p. 386
Neuropsychological Changes Associated With Exposure	p. 389
Neurophysiological and Neuroimaging Techniques in Exposed Cases	p. 393
Conclusion	p. 394
Schizophrenia	p. 398
Diagnosis	p. 399
Developmental Process and Etiology	p. 399
Schizophrenia "Subtypes"	p. 400
Neuropathological-Neurochemical Correlates of Each Variant	p. 401
Functional Neuroanatomic Correlates	p. 402
Competing Diagnoses	p. 403
Diagnostic Clues From Medical History	p. 404
Sensory, Motor, and Other Physical Symptoms	p. 404
EEG and Neuroimaging Correlates	p. 405
Neuropsychological Examination	p. 405
Key Neuropsychological Measures Important to Differential Diagnosis	p. 408
Psychological/Psychiatric Comorbidity	p. 409
Treatment Alternatives	p. 410
Conclusion	p. 412
The Neuropsychology of Adult Neuro-Oncology	p. 415
Epidemiology	p. 415
Grading and Classification	p. 416
History and Neurological Examination	p. 418
Laboratory Studies	p. 421
Neuroimaging and Neuropathology	p. 421
Overview of Treatment Options	p. 424
Neuropsychological Evaluation	p. 425
Conclusion	p. 432
The Aphasias	p. 436
Etiology	p. 437
Functional Neuroanatomic Correlates of Aphasia	p. 438
Assessment of Aphasia	p. 439
Classic Aphasia Syndromes	p. 446
Other Aphasia Syndromes	p. 454
Distinguishing Aphasia From Other Disorders	p. 456
Key Neuropsychological Tests	p. 457
Conclusion	p. 458
Neurological Syndromes
Amnesic Syndromes	p. 463
Clinical Manifestations of Amnesia	p. 463
Neural Substrates of Amnesia	p. 469
Neuropsychological Evaluation	p. 475
Conclusion	p. 484
Neglect Syndromes	p. 489
Subtypes of Neglect	p. 489
Neuropathological Mechanisms Underlying Neglect	p. 493
Cognitive Mechanisms Underlying Neglect	p. 495
Differential Diagnosis	p. 497
Assessment for Neglect	p. 498
Associated Disorders	p. 503
Treatment	p. 504
Conclusion	p. 505
The Agnosias	p. 508
Basic Definitions	p. 509
Neuroanatomic Correlates	p. 516
Differential Diagnosis of Agnosia	p. 520
Relevant Laboratory, EEG, and Neuroimaging Correlates	p. 526
Psychological and Psychiatric Comorbidity	p. 528
Conclusion	p. 529
Limb Apraxias	p. 534
Types of Limb Apraxia	p. 535
The Examination for Limb Apraxia	p. 542
Types of Errors	p. 544
Conclusion	p. 544
Clinical Evaluation of Visual Perception and Constructional Ability	p. 547
Definition of Disorders in Visual Perception and Constructional Ability	p. 547
Functional Neuroanatomic Correlates	p. 562
Competing Diagnoses	p. 564
Relevant Medical History	p. 565
Sensory and Motor Correlates	p. 565
Laboratory Data	p. 566
Neuroimaging Correlates	p. 566
The Neuropsychological Examination	p. 566
Conclusion	p. 570
Disorders of Attention	p. 572
Components of Attention	p. 574
Functional Neuroanatomy of Attention	p. 579
Neurological and Neuropsychiatric Disorders of Attention	p. 582
Assessing Disorders of Attention	p. 586
Conclusion	p. 604
Frontal Lobe Function and Dysfunction	p. 607
Frontal Lobe Functions	p. 608
Frontal Lobe Dysfunction	p. 611
Diseases That Commonly Affect Frontal Functions	p. 613
Assessment of Frontal Lobe Functioning	p. 615
Cautions in Evaluating Frontal Functions	p. 621
Conclusion	p. 622
Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder	p. 626
Alternative Criteria for Diagnosing ADHD in Adults	p. 628
Functional Neuroanatomy	p. 632
Competing Diagnoses to Be Ruled Out	p. 633
Diagnostic Clues From Past History	p. 634
EEG and Neuroimaging Correlates	p. 636
Emphasis on Neuropsychological Assessment	p. 636
Key Tests and Measures	p. 638
Psychological and Psychiatric Co-Occurring Disorders	p. 639
Psychopharmacologic and Nonpharmacologic Treatments	p. 643
Conclusion	p. 644
Neuropsychology of Substance Use Disorders	p. 649
General Issues	p. 649
Alcohol	p. 656
Cannabis	p. 660
Cocaine	p. 662
Amphetamines and Methylendioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)	p. 663
Opioids	p. 666
Benzodiazepines	p. 668
Polysubstance Use	p. 669
Conclusion	p. 671
Emotional Disorders Associated With Neurological Diseases	p. 674
Definition of the Emotional Problem	p. 675
Development of Disruptions in Emotional Functioning	p. 677
Variants of Emotional Dysfunction	p. 677
Neuropathological Correlates of Dysfunction in the Perception, Expression, and Experience of Emotion	p. 678
Competing Diagnoses That Must Be Ruled Out	p. 682
The Neuropsychological Evaluation of Emotional Dysfunction	p. 683
Conclusion	p. 690
Selective Listing of Medical Record Abbreviations	p. 693
Index	p. 705
About the Editors	p. 767
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