Clinical Sports Nutrition

by Burke, Louise; Deakin, Vicki

• ISBN13: 9780074716021
• ISBN10: 0074716026
• Edition: 3rd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2006-03-08
• Publisher: McGraw-Hill Book Company Australia

Summary

Clinical Sports Nutrition, third edition, is the definitive reference book for sports nutrition professionals, sports medicine practitioners, coaches, trainers and students of sports science.

Author Biography

Louise Burke Head of the Department of Sports Nutrition, Australian Institute of Sport, ACT

Vicki Deakin Head Dietitian, ACT Academy of Sport; Senior Lecturer/Head of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Canberra, ACT

Table of Contents

Preface	p. xv
Acknowledgments	p. xvii
About the editors	p. xix
Editors and contributors	p. xxi
Exercise physiology and metabolism	p. 1
Introduction	p. 1
Skeletal muscle	p. 1
Exercise metabolism	p. 3
Oxygen transport system	p. 6
Temperature regulation and fluid balance	p. 8
Fatigue	p. 10
Summary	p. 11
Practice tips	p. 12
References	p. 17
Measuring nutritional status of athletes: clinical and research perspectives	p. 21
Introduction	p. 21
Dietary measurement	p. 22
Sources of error in dietary measurement	p. 30
Criteria for interpreting dietary intakes	p. 36
Clinical examination and medical history	p. 41
Biochemical analysis	p. 41
Anthropometric assessment	p. 42
Summary	p. 42
Practice tips	p. 44
References and websites	p. 47
Kinanthropometry: physique assessment of the athlete	p. 53
Introduction	p. 53
Physique assessment in athletes	p. 54
Methodologies for assessing body composition	p. 56
Indices of height and weight	p. 60
Summary	p. 64
Practice tips	p. 66
References	p. 69
Protein and amino acid needs for training and bulking up	p. 73
Introduction	p. 73
Protein metabolism	p. 74
The effect of exercise on protein metabolism	p. 79
Determining the adequacy of protein intake (dietary requirements) during exercise	p. 87
Dietary protein requirements for athletes	p. 89
Potential side-effects of excessive protein intake	p. 97
Summary	p. 98
Practice tips	p. 99
References	p. 103
Energy requirements of the athlete: assessment and evidence of energy efficiency	p. 113
Introduction	p. 113
Energy and macronutrient balance	p. 114
Macronutrient balance	p. 115
Energy expenditure	p. 117
Energy efficiency: does it exist?	p. 127
Summary	p. 129
References	p. 130
Weight loss and the athlete	p. 135
Introduction	p. 135
Justification for weight loss in athletes	p. 135
Factors influencing the ability to achieve optimal body weight and composition in athletes	p. 137
Approaches to weight and fat loss in athletes	p. 145
Negative aspects of weight control in athletes	p. 153
Adjunctive agents for weight and fat loss	p. 155
Guidelines for fat loss	p. 158
Summary	p. 159
Practice tips	p. 161
References	p. 165
Making weight in sports	p. 175
Introduction	p. 175
Sports with weight divisions or restrictions	p. 176
Methods used to make weight	p. 176
Weight loss and competitive success	p. 178
Potential negative consequences to weight loss	p. 178
Strategies for weight loss	p. 182
Recovery strategies	p. 183
Measures to reduce dangerous weight loss practices	p. 185
Summary	p. 187
Practice tips	p. 189
References	p. 196
Disordered eating in athletes	p. 201
Introduction	p. 201
Disordered eating categories/classifications	p. 202
Prevalence of disordered eating among athletes	p. 206
Aetiology of disordered eating among athletes	p. 208
Performance and health consequences of disordered eating	p. 211
Prevention of disordered eating among athletes	p. 213
Management of disordered eating among athletes	p. 215
Summary	p. 219
Practice tips	p. 221
References	p. 223
The evolution of the Female Athlete Triad	p. 227
Bone, exercise and nutrition	p. 237
The fundamentals of bone physiology	p. 237
Exercise effect on bone in athletes and healthy people	p. 239
Calcium intake and bone mineral changes at various life stages	p. 242
Effects of amenorrhoea on bone mass	p. 246
Stress fractures in athletes with menstrual disturbances	p. 249
Summary	p. 251
Practice tips	p. 253
References	p. 254
Iron depletion in athletes	p. 263
Introduction	p. 263
Stages of iron depletion	p. 263
How common is iron deficiency in athletes?	p. 265
Why is iron important to athletes?	p. 266
Effects of iron status on performance and other health outcomes	p. 267
Dietary iron absorption	p. 271
Causes of iron deficiency in athletes	p. 275
Assessment of iron status of an athlete: clinical perspectives	p. 279
Dietary intervention for iron depletion and iron deficiency	p. 290
Medical intervention: iron supplements	p. 291
Practice tips	p. 295
References	p. 303
Vitamin, mineral and anti-oxidant needs of athletes	p. 313
Vitamins and minerals, and sports-an introduction to the topic	p. 313
Measuring vitamin and mineral status in athletes	p. 315
Effects of exercise on vitamin and mineral requirements of athletes	p. 319
Biochemical indicators of vitamin and mineral status in atheletes	p. 321
Does marginal deficiency of vitamins and minerals affect physical performance?	p. 324
Effects of supplementation on biochemical indices of micronutrient status and physical performance	p. 326
Potential risks of vitamin and mineral supplements	p. 330
Summary	p. 332
Practice tips	p. 334
References	p. 336
The science of anti-oxidants and exercise performance	p. 343
Preparation for competition	p. 355
Introduction	p. 355
Nutritional factors causing fatigue during performance	p. 355
Pre-event fuelling	p. 357
The pre-event meal (1-4 hours pre-event)	p. 363
Pre-exercise hydration	p. 371
Summary	p. 374
Practice tips	p. 376
References	p. 380
Fluid and CHO intake during exercise	p. 385
Introduction	p. 385
Fatigue during exercise	p. 386
CHO supplementation during exercise	p. 386
Effects of hyperthermia and dehydration on performance	p. 393
Guidelines for replacing fluid and CHO during exercise	p. 397
Monitoring individual fluid needs	p. 401
Summary	p. 402
Practice tips	p. 404
References	p. 409
Nutrition for recovery after training and competition	p. 415
Introduction	p. 415
Issues in post-exercise refuelling	p. 416
CHO intake guidelines for training and recovery	p. 424
Issues in post-exercise rehydration	p. 430
Alcohol and recovery	p. 438
Summary	p. 439
Practice tips	p. 441
References	p. 447
Nutritional strategies to enhance fat oxidation during aerobic exercise	p. 455
Introduction	p. 455
Triacylglycerol as an energy source during exercise	p. 455
Intramuscular triacylglycerol and insulin resistance: the metabolic paradox	p. 457
Processes that could limit fatty acid oxidation during exercise	p. 457
Methods to quantify lipid metabolism during exercise	p. 461
The effects of exercise intensity on lipid metabolism	p. 462
Why can't fatty acid oxidation sustain intense exercise?	p. 463
Nutritional strategies to enhance fat oxidation during exercise	p. 465
Summary and recommendations for sports practitioners	p. 477
References	p. 478
Supplements and sports foods	p. 485
Introduction	p. 485
Overview of supplements and sports foods	p. 485
The pros and cons of using supplements and sports foods	p. 488
Finding proof of the efficacy of supplements and sports foods	p. 493
The AIS Sports Supplement Program	p. 498
Summary	p. 568
References	p. 568
Nutrition for the athlete's immune system: eating to stay well during training and competition	p. 581
Nutrition for special populations: children and young athletes	p. 589
Introduction	p. 589
Skeletal growth and maturation in young elite athletes	p. 589
Nutritional needs for young elite athletes	p. 603
Hydration and thermoregulation	p. 611
Food habits	p. 615
Perception of body image	p. 616
Sources of nutrition information for adolescents	p. 617
Summary	p. 618
Practice tips	p. 620
References	p. 625
Nutrition and the ageing athlete	p. 633
Introduction	p. 633
Physiological changes in ageing athletes	p. 635
Energy requirements of ageing athletes	p. 636
Macronutrients	p. 638
Micronutrients	p. 643
Water	p. 656
Nutrients, health and chronic disease	p. 657
Medications: nutrient interactions	p. 658
Supplementation	p. 658
Summary	p. 660
Practice tips	p. 662
References	p. 666
Special needs: the athlete with diabetes	p. 677
Introduction	p. 677
Physiological effects of exercise	p. 679
Nutritional management for athletes with type 1 diabetes	p. 681
Insulin adjustments for athletes with type 1 diabetes	p. 685
Monitoring blood glucose levels	p. 688
Special problems for the athlete with type 1 diabetes	p. 688
Physical activity for people with type 2 diabetes	p. 691
High-risk sports	p. 691
Insulin abuse and sport	p. 692
Summary	p. 692
Practice tips	p. 693
References	p. 695
Special needs: the vegetarian athlete	p. 699
Introduction	p. 699
Types of vegetarian diets	p. 700
Effect of vegetarian diets on health outcomes	p. 701
Effect of vegetarian diets on exercise performance	p. 701
Diet-related concerns for vegetarian athletes	p. 704
Are creatine supplements of benefit to vegetarian athletes?	p. 709
Vegetarian eating and menstrual dysfunction	p. 710
Summary	p. 711
Practice tips	p. 713
References	p. 715
Athletes with gastrointestinal disorders	p. 721
Introduction	p. 721
Upper-GI tract	p. 721
Lower-GI tract	p. 725
The effect of exercise on the gastrointestinal system: disorders specifically related to exercise	p. 729
Practice tips	p. 733
References	p. 737
Special needs: athletes with disabilities	p. 739
Introduction	p. 739
Classification of disabilities	p. 740
Differences between athletes with disabilities and able-bodied athletes	p. 742
Dietary issues for athletes with disabilities	p. 747
Practice tips	p. 750
References	p. 751
Medical and nutritional issues for the travelling athlete	p. 755
Introduction	p. 755
Jet lag and jet stress	p. 755
Illnesses associated with travelling	p. 757
Practice tips	p. 759
References	p. 763
Nutritional issues for special environments: training and competing at altitude and in hot climates	p. 765
Introduction	p. 765
Nutritional requirements at high altitude	p. 766
Exercise in a hot environment	p. 769
Special strategies for exercise in the heat: glycerol hyperhydration	p. 774
Summary	p. 777
Practice tips	p. 777
References	p. 780
Providing meals for athletic groups	p. 785
Introduction	p. 785
Influencing the food selection of athletes	p. 785
Strategies to modify food supply in a catering environment	p. 789
A residential catering operation in practice-the AIS dining hall	p. 795
Catering for large scale competition events-the Sydney 2000 Olympic Games	p. 796
Summary	p. 799
Practice tips	p. 800
References	p. 803
Index	p. 806
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