Co- and Post-Translational Modification of Proteins Chemical Principles and Biological Effects

by Graves, Donald J.; Martin, Bruce L.; Wang, Jerry H.

• ISBN13: 9780195055498
• ISBN10: 0195055497
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 1994-02-10
• Publisher: Oxford University Press

Summary

This work presents the general biological principles--and the chemical and physical concepts-- needed for an understanding of the post- and co-translational modification of proteins, a fundamental topic in the science of protein biochemistry and molecular biology. Examples of the different types of modification reactions (glycosylation, phosphorylation, prenylation, etc.) are presented to illustrate specific points, and the book is intended to serve as a principles-based guide for studying the subject, whether in the classroom or research laboratory. In addition to its value as a timely overview of a broad, vitally important area, the book can be used in advanced courses on signal transduction, enzymology, and protein chemistry, or as a supplementary text for biochemistry or molecular biology.

Table of Contents

Introduction: General Features of Protein Modification

Reversible and Irreversible Reactions

Co- and Post-Translational Modification

Enzymatic and Non-Enzymatic Reactions

Recombinant Proteins and Enzyme Modification

Enzymology of Modification

Kinetics of Post-Translational Modification Reactions

Structural Probes of Modifying Enzymes

Reaction Mechanisms

Regulatory Features of Modifying Enzymes

Regulatory Proteins

Autoregulation

Sequential Modifications

Reversibility

The Protein Substrate

Factors Influencing the Chemical Reactivity of Amino Acid Residues

Structural and Chemical Features of the Substrate

Influence of Neighboring Groups on Modification

Chemical Influences of Side Chains on Modification

Chemical Changes in the Protein Influence Subsequent Post-Translational Modification Reactions

Sequences Distinct from the Modifiable Site Can Influence Modification

Cross- Linking Reactions

The Protein Can Cause its Own Modification

Subunit Structure and Covalent Modification

22

The Modified Protein: Isolation and Analysis of Structure

Isolation of Modified Proteins

Amino Acid Analysis of Modified Proteins

Identification of Modified Amino Acids by Physical Methods

Chemical Structure of the Modified Group

Primary Structure of the Modified Site

Physical and Chemical Properties of Modified Amino Acids

Modification Can Change the Charge of the Protein

Modification Can Change the Hydrophobicity of the Protein

Modification Can Influence Protein Conformation, Folding, and Stability

Flexibility and Function

Modification Can Change Ligand Binding

Inhibitors and Activators of Cellular Modification Reactions

Enzyme Inhibitors

Enzyme Activators

Biological Effects of Covalent Modification

Reversible and Irreversible Modification

General Criteria for the Biological Role of Protein Modifications

Phosphorylation

Protein Ubiquitination

Covalent Attachment of Long Chain Fatty Acids

Glycosylation

Approaches for the Study of Biological Role

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