Coastal Pollution: Effects on Living Resources and Humans

by Sindermann; Carl J.

• ISBN13: 9780849396779
• ISBN10: 0849396778
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2005-12-20
• Publisher: CRC Press

Summary

Coastal Pollution: Effects on Living Resources and Humans presents a comprehensive, yet accessible introduction to the scope of scientific understanding of the contamination of living marine resources by human activities. The author provides an accurate report on the state of the inshore marine environment and its inhabitants, discussing coastal habitat and analyzing findings from modeling and other research efforts. The text covers the effects of coastal and estuarine pollution on resource population size, ecosystem habitats, and aquaculture. It also features an in-depth review of pollution-related problems, including PCBs, harmful algae blooms, cholera, and "black tides."

Table of Contents

List of Figures	xxii
List of Vignettes	xxv
List of Tables	xxvii
Introduction: Current Health Status of Coastal Waters	1	(12)
References	13	(2)
SECTION I Eight Specific Examples of Pollution-Related Undersea Horrors	15	(118)
Chapter 1 Cholera	17	(10)
A Brief History of Cholera Outbreaks	18	(5)
Cholera and the Environment	23	(1)
References	24	(3)
Chapter 2 Minamata Disease	27	(10)
Chronology of Events Related to Minamata Disease	28	(4)
Perspective of the Victims	29	(1)
A Scientific Perspective	30	(1)
Industry/Regulatory Perspective	31	(1)
What Has Been Learned From the Minamata Experience?	32	(4)
References	36	(1)
Chapter 3 PCBs and Related Chemicals	37	(8)
Reproductive/Developmental Disorders	39	(1)
Endocrine Disruption	40	(1)
Carcinogenicity	41	(1)
Immunotoxicity	41	(1)
Conclusions	42	(1)
References	43	(2)
Chapter 4 Microbial Pollution of Recreational Waters	45	(12)
The Emergence of Knowledge About Risks of Disease from Recreational Contact with Polluted Coastal Waters	47	(2)
Current Levels of Viral Disease Risks from Recreational Contacts with Polluted Coastal Waters	49	(2)
Diseases of Humans Transmitted Passively by Marine Fish	51	(2)
Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae (also known as E. insidiosa)	51	(1)
Mycobacterium marinum	51	(1)
Vibrio vulnificus Wound Infections	52	(1)
Conclusions	53	(1)
References	54	(3)
Chapter 5 Harmful Algal Blooms in Coastal Waters	57	(18)
Introduction: Algal Blooms and Algal Toxicity	57	(1)
Algal Toxins	58	(4)
Ciguatera Fish Poisoning	58	(1)
Neurotoxic Fish Poisoning	58	(2)
Shellfish-Borne Biotoxins	60	(2)
Pfiesteria — A Toxic Algal Predator	62	(2)
Algal Blooms and Aquaculture	64	(1)
Mucilaginous Algae	65	(1)
Coastal/Estuarine and Offshore Algal Blooms	65	(2)
Blooms of Cyanobacteria (Blue-Green Algae) in Coastal Waters	67	(1)
Conclusions	68	(2)
References	70	(5)
Chapter 6 Anoxia in Coastal Waters	75	(10)
Baltic Sea Anoxia	78	(1)
Black Sea Anoxia	78	(1)
Chesapeake Bay Anoxia	79	(1)
Hypoxia and Anoxia in the Northern Gulf of Mexico	80	(1)
Conclusions	80	(2)
References	82	(3)
Chapter 7 "Black Tides": Petroleum in Coastal Waters	85	(18)
Introduction	85	(3)
Oil in the Gulf of Mexico, 1979	88	(2)
Exxon Valdez Oil Spill in Alaska, 1989	90	(3)
Sinking of the Tanker Prestige off the Coast of Spain, 2002	93	(1)
Effects of Petroleum on Fish and Shellfish	94	(3)
Effects of Petroleum on Fish Eggs and Larvae	94	(2)
Effects of Petroleum on Molluscan Shellfish	96	(1)
Conclusions	97	(2)
References	99	(4)
Chapter 8 Biological Pollution: Invasions by Alien Species	103	(30)
Ecological Changes Resulting from Invasions by Alien Species	104	(7)
An Aggressive Introduced Macroalga: Caulerpa taxifolia	105	(3)
The Introduced Ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi in the Black Sea	108	(3)
Genetic Influences of Alien Species on Native Species	111	(2)
Introduction of Pathogens Not Endemic in the Receiving Area	113	(10)
Oyster Diseases	114	(2)
Viral Diseases of Shrimp	116	(3)
Invasion of European Eels by Alien Nematodes	119	(1)
An Imported Protozoan Disease of Bay Scallops in Canada	120	(1)
An Imported Herpesvirus in Australasian Fish	121	(1)
Emerging Concepts and Generalizations About Introduced Pathogens and the Diseases They Cause	122	(1)
Conclusions	123	(4)
References	127	(6)
SECTION II Effects of Coastal Pollution on Marine Animals	133	(78)
Chapter 9 Sublethal Effects of Coastal Pollution on Marine Animals	135	(28)
Effects of Coastal Pollution on Reproduction and Early Development of Fish	136	(5)
Effects of Pollution on Biochemical and Structural (Cellular) Events in Adult Fish Prior to Spawning	137	(2)
Effects of Pollution on Embryonic and Larval Development	139	(2)
Effects of Coastal Pollution on Juvenile and Adult Fish	141	(4)
Genetic Abnormalities	141	(1)
Modifications in Cell Metabolism	141	(1)
Disruptions of Endocrine Functions	142	(2)
Suppression of Immune Responses	144	(1)
Pathological Changes in Cells, Tissues, and Organs	144	(1)
Summary	144	(1)
How Marine Animals Respond to Chemical Pollution	145	(6)
Heavy Metal "Traps"	146	(1)
Mixed Function Oxygenases (Cytochrome P450 System)	147	(1)
Modification of Immune Responses	148	(1)
Selection of Resistant Strains Through Differential Mortality of Susceptible Individuals	148	(3)
Stress from Pollution	151	(5)
Conclusions	156	(3)
References	159	(4)
Chapter 10 Effects of Coastal Pollution on Yields from Fish and Shellfish Resources	163	(38)
Case Histories of Pollution Impact Studies	165	(2)
Atlantic Menhaden	167	(2)
Striped Bass	169	(4)
Winter Flounder	173	(6)
Status of Knowledge About Effects of Coastal Pollution on Abundance of Fish	179	(8)
Conclusions	187	(7)
References	194	(7)
Chapter 11 Mass Mortalities of Marine Mammals	201	(10)
Dolphin and Whale Mortalities	202	(1)
Seal Mortalities	203	(1)
Role of Pollutants in Mass Mortalities	204	(3)
Conclusions	207	(1)
References	207	(4)
SECTION III Effects of Coastal Pollution on Humans	211	(60)
Chapter 12 Effects of Coastal Pollution on Public Health	213	(28)
Introduction	213	(1)
Illnesses Caused by Microbial Contamination of Seafood	214	(10)
Viral Diseases of Humans Transmitted by Shellfish	215	(3)
Bacterial Diseases of Humans Transmitted by Fish and Shellfish	218	(5)
Vibrio parahaemolyticus	219	(1)
Vibrio cholerae	220	(2)
Vibrio vulnificus	222	(1)
Other Microbial Diseases of Humans That May Have Some Association with Marine Pollution	223	(1)
Illnesses Caused by Chemical Contamination of Seafood	224	(8)
PCBs and Related Chlorinated Hydrocarbons as Pollutants	226	(1)
Metals as Pollutants	227	(2)
Carcinogens in the Aquatic Environment	229	(3)
Illnesses Caused by Environmental Exposure to Toxic Chemicals and Microbial Contaminants in Coastal Waters	232	(1)
Conclusions	233	(1)
References	234	(7)
Chapter 13 Economic Effects of Coastal Pollution: A Resource Perspective	241	(14)
Introduction	241	(2)
Consumer Resistance: Rejection of Fish and Shellfish as Food	243	(3)
Reduced Yields from Commercial Fisheries	246	(3)
Reduced Revenues from Recreational Fishing	249	(1)
Economic Effects of "Nutrient Pollution"	250	(1)
Conclusions	251	(1)
References	252	(3)
Chapter 14 Effects of Coastal Pollution on the Quality of Human Life	255	(6)
Introduction	255	(1)
Impacts of Coastal Pollution on the Human Psyche	256	(4)
The Bather/Scuba Diver/Water Skier	257	(1)
The Recreational Fisherman	257	(1)
The Pregnant Woman	257	(1)
The Environmentally Conscious Concerned Citizen	258	(1)
The Environmental Scientist	259	(1)
The Kids on the Beach	259	(1)
Conclusions	260	(1)
Chapter 15 Summary and Conclusions	261	(10)
References	268	(3)
Index	271