Coastal Zone Management Handbook

by Clark; John R.

• ISBN13: 9781566700924
• ISBN10: 1566700922
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 1995-11-27
• Publisher: CRC Press

Summary

This is the first complete manual on coastal resource planning and management technology. It reflects a global perspective on the natural resources, sensitivities, economics, development, productivity, and diversity of coastal zones. In addition to coverage of general concepts, the book describes the strategic basis for coastal management, provides tools for planning activities, and presents projects from around the globe.

Table of Contents

Management Strategies
Introduction	1	(1)
Management Goals and Purposes	2	(6)
Sustainable Use of Resources	3	(1)
Biological Diversity	4	(1)
Protection Against Natural Hazards	5	(1)
Pollution Control	6	(1)
Economic Development Management and Planning	6	(1)
Enhancement of Social Welfare of Coastal Communities	7	(1)
Optimum Mix of Uses	7	(1)
Development Impacts	8	(11)
General Issues	8	(1)
Agriculture	9	(1)
Aquaculture	9	(1)
Forest Industries	10	(1)
Heavy Industry	11	(1)
Infrastructure	12	(1)
Mining	13	(2)
National Security	15	(1)
Petroleum Industry	15	(1)
Ports and Marinas	16	(1)
Tourism	16	(1)
Settlements	17	(1)
Shore Protection Works	18	(1)
Waste Disposal	19	(1)
Water Supply Projects	19	(1)
Marine Excavation	19	(1)
Solutions Through Management	19	(9)
The Integrated Approach	20	(2)
The Search for Sustainable Yield	22	(1)
Biodiversity Conservation	23	(1)
Natural Hazards	24	(1)
Hinterlands	25	(1)
Management Functions	25	(1)
Designing an ICZM Program	25	(1)
Joint Management of Land and Sea	26	(1)
Non-integrated Option	27	(1)
Strategy Planning	28	(23)
The Process	29	(2)
Objectives	31	(1)
Policy Formulation	32	(2)
Issues Analysis	34	(1)
Dimensions of Coastal Zone	34	(1)
Seastorms and Other Hazards	35	(1)
Hinterlands	36	(1)
Pollution	36	(2)
Biological Diversity	38	(1)
Multiple Use	38	(2)
Integration	40	(1)
Coordination	41	(1)
Institutional Mechanisms	42	(1)
Legislation	43	(1)
Project Review, Permits, and Environmental Assessment	44	(1)
Setbacks	44	(1)
Incremental Approach	45	(2)
Participation	47	(1)
Motivation	48	(1)
Addressing Socio-economic Concerns	48	(1)
Alternative Livelihoods	49	(1)
Information	50	(1)
Comparable Planning	51	(1)
Program Development	51	(12)
Orientation of Program	52	(1)
Master Plan	53	(1)
Jurisdiction	53	(1)
Land Use	54	(2)
Regulatory Program---Permits and Reviews	56	(1)
Environmental Assessment	56	(1)
Protected Areas	57	(1)
Situation Management	58	(1)
Information Services	59	(1)
Technical Services	60	(1)
Restoration and Rehabilitation	60	(1)
Operational Format	60	(2)
Program Evaluation	62	(1)
Management Methods
Aquaculture Management	63	(8)
Awareness	71	(2)
Baseline and Monitoring	73	(2)
Beach Management	75	(7)
Boundaries	82	(4)
Construction Management	86	(3)
Coral Reef Management	89	(9)
Coral Reef Survey Methods	98	(4)
Ecologically Critical Areas Identification	102	(3)
Database Development	105	(2)
Dredging Management	107	(7)
Dune Management	114	(2)
Economic Impact Assessment	116	(2)
Environmental Assessment	118	(12)
Environmental Management Plan	130	(2)
Floodlands	132	(2)
Historical-Archaeological Sites Impact Assessment	134	(2)
Institutional Analysis	136	(2)
Issues Analysis	138	(1)
Mangrove Forest Management	139	(7)
Master Plan	146	(1)
Mapping	147	(2)
Mitigation	149	(1)
Monitoring and Baseline	150	(3)
Nutrients Management	153	(2)
Ocean Outfall Placement	155	(3)
Oxygen: BOD/COD Measurement	158	(2)
Project Review and Permits	160	(3)
Protected Natural Areas	163	(7)
Public Participation in Planning	170	(4)
Rehabilitation	174	(2)
Retreat	176	(1)
Septic Tanks Placement	176	(3)
Setbacks	179	(3)
Sewage Management	182	(5)
Shoreline Construction Management	187	(5)
Situation Management	192	(3)
Social Impact Assessment	195	(3)
Strategy Plan	198	(3)
Tiers for Management	201	(1)
Traditional Use Arrangements	202	(1)
Turbidity Measurement	203	(5)
Urban Runoff Management	208	(2)
Water Quality Management: Coastal Waters	210	(2)
Water Quality Management: Coral Reefs	212	(1)
Zoning	213	(8)
Management Information
Agriculture	221	(2)
Airfields	223	(3)
Alternate Livelihoods	226	(1)
Aquaculture	227	(3)
Artificial Reefs	230	(4)
Barrier Islands	234	(2)
Beach Erosion	236	(3)
Beach Fill	239	(4)
Beach Resources	243	(2)
Biological Diversity	245	(2)
Biosphere Reserves	247	(2)
Biotoxins	249	(1)
Carrying Capacity	250	(4)
Ciguatera	254	(3)
Cites	257	(1)
The Commons	258	(1)
Conflict Resolution	259	(2)
Coral Reef Resources	261	(7)
Cyclones, Hurricanes, and Typhoons	268	(2)
Decentralized Management	270	(3)
Diversity Index	273	(2)
Dredging Techniques	275	(3)
Dynamite Fishing	278	(2)
Ecodevelopment	280	(1)
Economic Benefits of Protected Areas	281	(1)
Economic Valuation	282	(4)
Ecosystems	286	(5)
Ecotourism	291	(1)
Education	291	(4)
Electric Power Generation	295	(4)
Endangered Species	299	(2)
Environmental Audit	301	(4)
Eutrophication	305	(2)
Exclusive Economic Zone	307	(1)
Exotics	307	(1)
Explosives	308	(1)
Fisheries	309	(5)
Genetic Diversity	314	(1)
Geographic Information Systems (GIS)	315	(3)
Global Warming	318	(3)
Greenbelt	321	(1)
Impact Types	322	(4)
Indicator Species	326	(2)
Industrial Pollution	328	(5)
Information Needs	333	(1)
Inlets	334	(2)
International Assistance Agencies	336	(2)
Kelp Beds	338	(1)
Lagoons, Estuaries, and Embayments	338	(5)
Littoral Drift	343	(1)
Mangrove Forest Resources	343	(7)
Marinas	350	(2)
Marshlands	352	(2)
Mining	354	(1)
Multiple Use of Resources	355	(3)
Multiple-Use Management Authorities	358	(3)
Natural Hazards	361	(3)
Nature Synchronous Design	364	(1)
Noise and Disturbance	365	(2)
Nurture Areas	367	(1)
Oxygen	368	(3)
Participation	371	(1)
Pathogens	372	(1)
Performance Standards	373	(1)
Petroleum Industries	374	(6)
Political Motivation	380	(3)
Pollution	383	(3)
Ports and Harbors	386	(3)
Principles and Premises	389	(1)
Ramsar Convention	390	(1)
Rapid Rural Appraisal	390	(2)
Red Tide	392	(1)
Regional Development Planning	393	(3)
Remote Sensing	396	(5)
Research Needs	401	(2)
Restoration and Rehabilitation	403	(1)
Risk Assessment	404	(1)
Roadways, Causeways, and Bridges	405	(2)
Salinity	407	(2)
Saltwater Intrusion	409	(2)
Sand Mining	411	(2)
Seagrass Meadows	413	(1)
Sea Level Rise	413	(4)
Sediments and Soils	417	(1)
Settlements	418	(3)
Sewage Treatment	421	(3)
Shellfish Pollution	424	(1)
Site Management and Housekeeping	425	(2)
Social Equity	427	(1)
Socio-Economic Factors	428	(2)
Solid Wastes	430	(2)
Storm Surge	432	(1)
Subsidence	432	(1)
Suspended Particulate Matter	433	(3)
Sustainable Use	436	(2)
Terms of Reference	438	(1)
Tideflats	439	(1)
Tides	439	(3)
Tourism	442	(8)
Toxic Substances	450	(3)
Traditional Uses	453	(2)
Training	455	(4)
Transparency of Water	459	(1)
Tsunamis	459	(1)
Turtles	460	(1)
Underwater Fishing	461	(4)
Watersheds and Upland Effects	465	(7)
Waves	472	(1)
Wetlands	473	(4)
Zona Publica	477	(2)
Case Histories
Australia, Clarence Estuary: Unguided Tourism Development	479	(3)
Australia: Coral Reef Survey Methodology	482	(5)
Australia, The Great Barrier Reef: Multiple-Use Management	487	(4)
Australia, Port Phillip Bay: A Failed Authority	491	(3)
Barbados: An Example of Incremental Coastal Management	494	(2)
Bermuda: Tourism Carrying Capacity and Cruise Ships	496	(2)
Bonaire: Carrying Capacity Limits to Recreational Use	498	(3)
Canada: Offshore Sewage Outfall at Victoria, B.C.	501	(5)
Canada: National Experience with Coastal Zone Management	506	(2)
China: Prospects for Integrated Coastal Zone Management	508	(1)
Costa Rica: Controlling the Zona Publica	509	(2)
Ecuador: Integrated Coastal Resources Management Program	511	(2)
Egypt, Sinai: The Lake Bardawil Situation	513	(4)
Grenada: Building Setback Policy	517	(1)
India: Mangrove Planting Technique for the Gulf of Kutch	518	(3)
Indonesia, Bali: Beach Damage and Rehabilitation	521	(10)
Indonesia, Java: Multiple Use of a Mangrove Coastline	531	(3)
Indonesia, Sulawesi: Ocean Disposal of Harbor Silt	534	(5)
Italy, Venice: A City at Risk from Sea-Level Rise	539	(5)
Malaysia, Pulau Bruit: The Disappearing National Park	544	(1)
Maldives: An Informal Approach to Coastal Management	545	(3)
Mexico, Cancun: Coastal Tourism Threatens a Prime Lagoon	548	(4)
Mexico, Yucatan: Provincial Coastal Zone Management	552	(2)
Netherlands: Environmental Priority for Delta Plan	554	(2)
Oman: Coastal Management by Networking	556	(2)
Philippines, Palawan: Economic Analysis of Resource Conflict	558	(3)
Philippines: Community Management of Coral Reef Resources	561	(6)
St. Lucia: Community Participation in Resources Management	567	(2)
Solomon Islands: Social Chaos From Tourism	569	(3)
South Pacific: Coastal Construction Impacts	572	(8)
Sri Lanka: Issue-Driven Coastal Management	580	(7)
Tanzania, Mafia Island: Participatory Control of Coral Mining	587	(3)
Thailand: Shipping Ports and Cumulative Impacts	590	(3)
Thailand: Tantalum Riot at Phuket	593	(1)
Thailand: Trouble with Managing Coastal Aquaculture	594	(3)
Trinidad and Tobago: A Small Country Tests and Rejects Integrated Management	597	(3)
Turks and Caicos: Restoring Wetlands with Mining Effluent	600	(4)
United States: A National Coastal Management Program	604	(2)
United States, Alaska: Participatory Coastal Zone Management	606	(3)
United States, Florida: Distant Influence on Coral Reefs	609	(2)
United States, Florida: Success with Ocean Outfalls	611	(2)
United States, Hawaii: Monitoring New Harbor Coral Growth	613	(2)
United States, Hawaii: Success with Kaneohe Bay Ocean Outfall	615	(5)
United States, Hawaii: Tourism Threatens Haunama Bay	620	(2)
United States, South Carolina: Soft Engineering Beach Restoration	622	(4)
Vietnam, Mekong: Difficulty of Repairing Damaged Wetlands	626	(4)
West Indies: Monitoring Coastal Erosion	630	(3)
References	633	(18)
Glossary	651	(22)
APPENDICES
1. Countries with Coastal Zone Management Programs	661	(8)
2. Conversion Data	669	(4)
Index	673