COBOL: From Micro to Mainframe: Fujitsu Version

by Grauer, Robert T.; Villar, Carol Vasquez; Buss, Arthur R.

• ISBN13: 9780130858498
• ISBN10: 0130858498
• Edition: 3rd
• Format: Paperback w/CD
• Copyright: 2000-01-01
• Publisher: Pearson College Div

Summary

For a one or two semester introductory COBOL course running on either a PC or mainframe.This machine independent introduction covers all of the basic COBOL elements and special features, as well as providing an introduction to using the Fujitsu compiler. This book includes a CD-ROM containing the Fujitsu 3.0 COBOL Compiler FREE with every text.

Table of Contents

Preface	xi
Introduction	1	(24)
Overview	2	(1)
The First Problem	2	(3)
Programming Specifications	3	(2)
Required Logic	5	(4)
Flowcharts	6	(2)
Pseudocode	8	(1)
A First Look at COBOL	9	(4)
Identification Division	11	(1)
Environment Division	11	(1)
Data Division	11	(1)
Procedure Division	12	(1)
Test Data	13	(1)
Elements of COBOL	13	(4)
Reserved Words	13	(1)
Programmer-Supplied Names	14	(1)
Literals	15	(1)
Symbols	16	(1)
Level Numbers	16	(1)
Picture Clauses	17	(1)
An Alternate Look at COBOL	17	(2)
Summary	19	(6)
Fill-in	20	(1)
True/False	20	(1)
Problems	21	(4)
From Coding Form to Computer	25	(22)
Overview	26	(1)
From Coding Form to Computer	26	(6)
The COBOL Coding Form	28	(1)
Use of an Editor	28	(2)
The Compile, Link, and Execute Sequence	30	(2)
Learning by Doing	32	(6)
Errors in Entering the Program	33	(1)
Errors in Operating System Commands	33	(1)
Errors in Compilation	33	(2)
Errors in Execution	35	(2)
Errors in Data Input	37	(1)
Evolution of COBOL	38	(2)
There's Always a Reason	40	(1)
Summary	41	(6)
Fill-in	41	(1)
True/False	42	(1)
Problems	43	(4)
A Methodology for Program Development	47	(26)
Overview	48	(1)
The Tuition Billing Problem	48	(2)
Structured Design	50	(2)
Evaluating the Hierarchy Chart	52	(2)
Completeness	53	(1)
Functionality	54	(1)
Span of Control	54	(1)
Structured Programming	54	(3)
Sufficiency of the Basic Structures	56	(1)
Expressing Logic	57	(4)
The Traditional Flowchart	57	(1)
Pseudocode	57	(2)
Warnier-Orr Diagrams	59	(2)
Top-Down Testing	61	(5)
Summary	66	(7)
Fill-in	67	(1)
True/False	68	(1)
Problems	68	(5)
The Identification, Environment, and Data Divisions	73	(24)
Overview	74	(1)
COBOL Notation	74	(1)
Identification Division	75	(1)
Environment Division	76	(1)
Configuration Section	76	(1)
Input-Output Section	76	(1)
Data Division	77	(7)
File Section	77	(5)
Working-Storage Section	82	(2)
The Tuition Billing Program	84	(6)
Programming Specifications	84	(3)
COBOL Entries	87	(3)
Limitations of COBOL-74	90	(1)
Summary	90	(7)
Fill-in	92	(1)
True/False	92	(1)
Problems	93	(4)
The Procedure Division	97	(42)
Overview	98	(1)
Open	98	(1)
Close	99	(1)
Read	99	(1)
Placement of the Read Statement	100	(1)
Write	100	(2)
Stop Run	102	(1)
Move	102	(3)
Restrictions on the Move Statement	103	(1)
Alphanumeric Field to Alphanumeric Field	103	(1)
Numeric Field to Numeric Field	104	(1)
Group Moves	105	(1)
Perform	105	(1)
If	106	(3)
The Else Clause	106	(1)
Identation	106	(3)
Evaluate	109	(1)
Arithmetic Statements	109	(9)
The Rounded Clause	109	(1)
The Size Error Clause	110	(1)
Compute	110	(2)
Add	112	(1)
Subtract	112	(2)
Multiply	114	(1)
Divide	115	(1)
Programming Tip: Use the Compute Statement for Multiple Arithmetic Operations	116	(1)
Assumed Decimal Point	117	(1)
The Tuition Billing Program	118	(10)
Test Data	127	(1)
Hierarchy Chart	127	(1)
COBOL Program Skeleton	128	(1)
Limitations of COBOL-74	128	(2)
Summary	130	(9)
Fill-in	131	(1)
True/False	132	(1)
Problems	133	(6)
Debugging	139	(30)
Overview	140	(1)
Errors in Compilation	140	(11)
Common Compilation Errors	149	(2)
Errors in Execution	151	(8)
Run Time Error	156	(2)
Logic Errors	158	(1)
Tips for Debugging	159	(3)
Display Statement	161	(1)
The Structured Walkthrough	162	(1)
Summary	163	(6)
Fill-in	164	(1)
True/False	165	(1)
Problems	165	(4)
Editing and Coding Standards	169	(26)
Overview	170	(1)
Editing	170	(6)
The Decimal Point	172	(1)
Zero Suppression	172	(2)
Dollar Signs	174	(1)
Comma	174	(1)
Asterisks for Check Protection	175	(1)
Insertion Characters	175	(1)
Synopsis	175	(1)
Signed Numbers	176	(1)
CR and DB	176	(1)
Plus and Minus Signs	177	(1)
Blank When Zero Clause	177	(1)
The Tuition Billing Program Revisited	178	(1)
Coding Standards	179	(5)
Data Division	179	(1)
Programming Tip: Avoid Literals	180	(1)
Procedure Division	181	(1)
Programming Tip: Use Scope Terminators	182	(1)
Both Divisions	183	(1)
A Well-Written Program	184	(5)
Summary	189	(6)
Fill-in	190	(1)
True/False	191	(1)
Problems	191	(4)
Data Validation	195	(34)
Overview	196	(1)
System Concepts: Data Validation	196	(1)
The IF Statement	197	(9)
Relational Condition	198	(1)
Class Test	199	(1)
Sign Test	200	(1)
Condition-Name Test	200	(1)
Compound Test	200	(1)
Hierarchy of Operations	201	(2)
Implied Conditions	203	(1)
Nested IFs	203	(2)
Next Sentence	205	(1)
Accept Statement	206	(1)
Calculations Involving Dates	206	(1)
The Stand-Alone Edit Program	207	(14)
Programming Specifications	208	(3)
Error Messages	211	(1)
Pseudocode	211	(1)
Hierarchy Chart	212	(8)
The Completed Program	220	(1)
Limitations of COBOL-74	221	(2)
Summary	223	(6)
Fill-in	224	(1)
True/False	224	(1)
Problems	225	(4)
More About the Procedure Division	229	(36)
Overview	230	(1)
Perform	231	(3)
Test Before/Test After	231	(1)
In-line Perform	232	(1)
Performing Sections	232	(1)
Perform Thru	233	(1)
Programming Tip: Perform Paragraphs, Not Sections	233	(1)
Read	234	(2)
False-Condition Branch	235	(1)
Read Into	235	(1)
Write From	236	(1)
Initialize	236	(1)
String Processing	237	(5)
Inspect	237	(1)
String	238	(2)
Unstring	240	(1)
Reference Modification	240	(2)
Accept	242	(1)
Duplicate Data Names	243	(3)
Qualification	244	(1)
Move Corresponding	245	(1)
The Car Billing Program	246	(12)
Programming Specifications	246	(2)
Program Design	248	(1)
The Completed Program	249	(9)
Limitations of COBOL-74	258	(1)
Summary	258	(7)
Fill-in	259	(1)
True/False	260	(1)
Problems	260	(5)
Screen I-O	265	(36)
Overview	266	(1)
Accept	266	(3)
Programming Tip: Special Names Section and Symbolic Constants to Specify Color Names	267	(2)
Display	269	(1)
The Tuition Billing Program Revisited	270	(8)
Programming Specifications	270	(1)
Hierarchy Chart	271	(1)
Pseudocode	271	(2)
The Completed Program	273	(1)
Programming Tip: Advanced Use of Evaluate	274	(4)
Car Validation and Billing Program	278	(19)
Programming Specifications	279	(1)
The Screen Section	280	(4)
Hierarchy Chart	284	(1)
Pseudocode	284	(3)
The Completed Program	287	(10)
Limitations of COBOL-74	297	(1)
Summary	297	(4)
Fill-in	298	(1)
True/False	299	(1)
Problems	299	(2)
Introduction to Tables	301	(30)
Overview	302	(1)
Introduction to Tables	302	(4)
Occurs Clause	303	(1)
Processing a Table	304	(1)
Perform Varying	304	(2)
A Second Example	306	(5)
Problems with the Occurs Clause	308	(1)
Rules for Subscripts	308	(1)
Relative Subscripting	308	(1)
Usage Clause	309	(1)
Occurs Depending on	310	(1)
The Student Transcript Program	311	(10)
Programming Specifications	311	(2)
Program Design	313	(1)
The Completed Program	314	(7)
Indexes versus Subscripts	321	(1)
The SET Statement	322	(1)
Limitations of COBOL-74	322	(3)
Summary	325	(6)
Fill-in	326	(1)
True/False	326	(1)
Problems	327	(4)
Table Lookups	331	(32)
Overview	332	(1)
System Concepts	332	(4)
Types of Codes	333	(1)
Characteristics of Codes	333	(1)
Sequential Table Lookup	334	(1)
Binary Table Lookup	335	(1)
Positional Organization and Direct Lookups	336	(1)
Initializing a Table	336	(3)
Hard Coding	336	(2)
Input-Loaded Tables	338	(1)
Table Lookups	339	(8)
Perform Varying Statement	340	(1)
Search Statement	340	(2)
Programming Tip---Restrict Subscripts and Switches to a Single Use	342	(2)
Search All Statement	344	(1)
Direct Lookup	344	(1)
Range-Step Tables	345	(2)
A Complete Example	347	(10)
Programming Specifications	347	(2)
Program Design	349	(1)
The Completed Program	350	(7)
Limitations of COBOL-74	357	(1)
Summary	357	(6)
Fill-in	358	(1)
True/False	359	(1)
Problems	360	(3)
Multilevel Tables	363	(40)
Overview	364	(1)
System Concepts	364	(2)
COBOL Implementation	366	(1)
One-Level Tables	366	(2)
Perform Varying	366	(2)
Two-Level Tables	368	(5)
Errors in Compilation	369	(1)
Perform Varying	370	(3)
A Sample Program	373	(7)
Programming Specifications	373	(2)
Program Design	375	(1)
The Completed Program	375	(5)
Three-Level Tables	380	(4)
Perform Varying	382	(2)
A Sample Program	384	(6)
Programming Specifications	384	(2)
The Completed Program	386	(4)
Table Lookups	390	(2)
A Calorie Counter's Delight	392	(6)
Programming Specifications	392	(1)
Range-Step Tables	392	(2)
The Completed Program	394	(4)
Limitations of COBOL-74	398	(1)
Summary	398	(5)
Fill-in	399	(1)
True/False	399	(1)
Problems	400	(3)
Sorting	403	(32)
Overview	404	(1)
System Concepts	405	(1)
Collating Sequence	405	(3)
Embedded Sign	406	(2)
COBOL Implementation	408	(6)
Sort Statement	409	(1)
SD (Sort Description)	410	(1)
Release and Return	410	(1)
Programming Specifications	411	(3)
Using/Giving Option	414	(5)
Input Procedure/Output Procedure Option	419	(7)
Comparing Options	426	(1)
Merge Statement	426	(2)
Limitations of COBOL-74	428	(1)
Summary	428	(7)
Fill-in	429	(1)
True/False	430	(1)
Problems	431	(4)
Control Breaks	435	(40)
Overview	436	(1)
System Concepts	436	(7)
Running versus Rolling Totals	440	(3)
One-Level Control Breaks	443	(8)
Programming Specifications	443	(1)
Hierarchy Chart	444	(2)
Pseudocode	446	(1)
The Completed Program	446	(5)
Two-Level Control Breaks	451	(9)
Hierarchy Chart	451	(1)
Pseudocode	452	(2)
The Completed Program	454	(6)
Three-Level Control Breaks	460	(11)
Hierarchy Chart	460	(2)
Pseudocode	462	(1)
The Completed Program	463	(8)
Programming Tip: How to Write a Control Break Program	471	(1)
Limitations of COBOL-74	471	(1)
Summary	472	(3)
Fill-in	472	(1)
True/False	473	(1)
Problems	473	(2)
Subprograms	475	(40)
Overview	476	(1)
Subprograms	477	(5)
Called and Calling Programs	477	(2)
Copy Statement	479	(1)
Calling by Content and by Reference	480	(1)
Programming Tip: Use Copy to Pass Parameters	481	(1)
Initial Clause	482	(1)
A System for Physical Fitness	482	(4)
Programming Specifications	482	(3)
Hierarchy Chart	485	(1)
Pseudocode	485	(1)
The Completed Programs	486	(18)
Main Program (Fitness)	486	(4)
Input Program (Inputsub)	490	(4)
Weight-Range Program (WGTSUB)	494	(4)
Training Program (Trainsub)	498	(1)
Display Program (DSPLYSUB)	498	(5)
Time Program (TIMESUB)	503	(1)
The Linkage Editor	504	(2)
Problems with the Linkage Editor	505	(1)
Limitations of COBOL-74	506	(2)
Summary	508	(7)
Fill-in	509	(1)
True/False	509	(1)
Problems	510	(5)
Sequential File Maintenance	515	(34)
Overview	516	(1)
System Concepts	516	(3)
Sequential versus Nonsequential Processing	518	(1)
Periodic Maintenance	518	(1)
Data Validation	519	(9)
Programming Specifications	520	(3)
Designing the Program	523	(1)
The Completed Program	524	(4)
Sequential File Maintenance	528	(7)
Programming Specifications	528	(1)
The Balance Line Algorithm	529	(2)
Designing the Hierarchy Chart	531	(4)
Top-Down Testing	535	(10)
The Stubs Program	535	(5)
The Completed Program	540	(5)
Summary	545	(4)
Fill-in	546	(1)
True/False	546	(1)
Problems	547	(2)
Indexed Files	549	(34)
Overview	550	(1)
System Concepts	550	(4)
COBOL Implementation	554	(2)
Creating an Indexed File	556	(3)
Programming Specifications	556	(1)
Pseudocode	557	(1)
The Completed Program	557	(2)
Additional COBOL Elements	559	(4)
Open	559	(2)
Read	561	(1)
Write	562	(1)
Rewrite	562	(1)
Delete	562	(1)
Maintaining an Indexed File	563	(7)
Programming Specifications	563	(2)
Hierarchy Chart	565	(1)
Pseudocode	566	(1)
The Completed Program	566	(4)
Alternate Record Key	570	(3)
Programming Specifications	570	(3)
Concatenated Key	573	(1)
The Start Statement	574	(1)
Limitations of COBOL-74	574	(2)
Summary	576	(7)
Fill-in	577	(1)
True/False	578	(1)
Problems	578	(5)
The Year 2000 Problem	583	(20)
Overview	584	(1)
The Year 2000 Problem	584	(6)
Date Arithmetic	590	(4)
COBOL Intrinsic Calendar Functions	591	(3)
Leap-Year Problem	594	(1)
Retirement Program Revisited	594	(5)
Summary	599	(4)
Fill-in	600	(1)
True/False	600	(1)
Problems	601	(2)
Object-Oriented COBOL Programming	603	(40)
Overview	604	(1)
The Next Generation of COBOL	605	(5)
The Development of Structured Programming	606	(1)
Terminology	607	(1)
The Object-Oriented versus Structured Paradigm	608	(2)
The Student-Look-Up System	610	(4)
Programming Specifications	610	(2)
Student-Look-Up Program	612	(1)
Programming Specifications	613	(1)
Programming Tip: Object-Oriented Coding Conventions	614	(2)
The Registrar Class	616	(23)
Programming Specifications	616	(3)
Classes and Inheritance	619	(1)
ProcessRequests Method	619	(2)
Programming Tip: Memory Leakage	621	(1)
The StudentDM Class	621	(1)
Programming Specifications	622	(3)
The StudentDM Instance Definition	625	(2)
The Student Class	627	(1)
Programming Specifications	627	(3)
The Person Class	630	(1)
Programming Specifications	630	(3)
The Student UI Class	633	(1)
Programming Specifications	633	(2)
The Student PRT Class	635	(4)
Conclusion	639	(1)
Summary	640	(3)
Fill-in	641	(1)
True/False	641	(1)
Problems	642	(1)
Appendix A: Getting Started	643	(50)
Appendix B: Connecting COBOL97 and Visual Basic	693	(18)
Appendix C: Reserved Words	711	(2)
Appendix D: COBOL-85 Reference Summary	713	(26)
Appendix E: COBOL in the New Millennium	739	(8)
Appendix F: Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises	747	(8)
Appendix G: Projects	755	(142)
Index	897