Cognition: Exploring the Science of the Mind

by Reisberg, Daniel

• ISBN13: 9780393976229
• ISBN10: 039397622X
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2001-01-01
• Publisher: W W Norton & Co Inc

Summary

Daniel Reisberg's Cognition: Exploring the Science of the Mind presents current topics and issues in clear, lively prose that is accessible to students. With Cognition, students see where ideas originate, how they are evaluated, and how theories evolve through experimentation.The new Second Edition has been completely redesigned and includes new pedagogy to make the book even more student friendly. Over 600 new citations, as well as revisions to every chapter, bring the text to the forefront of its field. Major updates include a new chapter on the brain and cognition, an expanded emphasis on visual perception, a completely reconceived chapter on memory errors and gaps, and a thorough updating of the chapters on judgment, decision making, and reasoning.

Table of Contents

Preface	ix
PART ONE Foundations of Cognitive Psychology	1	(50)
The Science of the Mind	3	(18)
The Psychology of the Ordinary	4	(4)
A Brief History	8	(5)
Research in Cognitive Psychology --- An Example	13	(7)
Chapter Summary	20	(1)
The Neural Basis for Cognition	21	(30)
Capgras Syndrome: An Initial Example	22	(3)
The Principal Structures of the Brain	25	(10)
The Visual System	35	(14)
Chapter Summary	49	(2)
PART TWO Learning about the World Around Us	51	(76)
Recognizing Objects in the World	53	(40)
Visual Perception	54	(6)
Object Recognition	60	(6)
Word Recognition	66	(4)
Feature Nets and Word Recognition	70	(10)
Descendants of the Feature Net	80	(5)
Different Objects, Different Recognition Systems?	85	(4)
Top-down Influences on Object Recognition	89	(2)
Chapter Summary	91	(2)
Paying Attention	93	(34)
Selective Listening	94	(1)
Perceiving and the Limits on Cognitive Capacity	95	(13)
Divided Attention	108	(8)
Practice	116	(8)
Chapter Summary	124	(3)
PART THREE Memory	127	(104)
The Acquisition of Memories and the Working-Memory System	131	(32)
The Route into Memory	132	(7)
A Closer Look at Working Memory	139	(9)
Entering Long-Term Storage: The Role of the Intent to Learn	148	(5)
The Role of Meaning and Memory Connections	153	(1)
Organizing and Memorizing	154	(6)
The Study of ``Memory Acquisition''	160	(2)
Chapter Summary	162	(1)
Interconnections between Acquisition and Retrieval	163	(32)
Retrieval Hints and Cues	164	(5)
Encoding Specificity	169	(2)
Different Forms of Memory Testing	171	(4)
Implicit Memory	175	(6)
Theoretical Treatments of Implicit Memory	181	(8)
Amnesia	189	(3)
Chapter Summary	192	(3)
Memory Errors, Memory Gaps	195	(36)
Memory Errors: Some Initial Examples	196	(1)
The Potential Sources of Memory Error	196	(14)
Evaluating Human Memory	210	(10)
Autobiographical Memory	220	(8)
Chapter Summary	228	(3)
PART FOUR Knowledge	231	(142)
Associative Theories of Long-Term Memory	235	(36)
The Network Notion	236	(2)
Evidence Favoring the Network Approach	238	(3)
More Direct Tests of the Network Claims	241	(7)
Retrieving Information from a Network	248	(4)
Unpacking the Nodes	252	(3)
Evaluating Network Models	255	(7)
The Newest Chapter: Connectionism	262	(7)
Chapter Summary	269	(2)
Concepts and Generic Knowledge	271	(30)
Definitions: What Do We Know When We Know What a Dog Is?	272	(2)
Prototypes and ``Typicality'' Effects	274	(5)
Exemplars	279	(9)
The Difficulties with Categorizing via Resemblance	288	(6)
Concepts as ``Implicit Theories''	294	(4)
Chapter Summary	298	(3)
Language	301	(36)
Phonology	302	(8)
Words	310	(5)
Syntax	315	(9)
Sentence Parsing	324	(7)
The Biology of Language	331	(4)
Chapter Summary	335	(2)
Visual Knowledge	337	(36)
Visual Imagery	338	(19)
Long-Term Visual Memory	357	(12)
The Diversity of Knowledge	369	(1)
Chapter Summary	370	(3)
PART FIVE Thinking	373
Judgment: Drawing Conclusions from Evidence	377	(34)
Availability	378	(5)
Representativeness	383	(3)
Support Theory	386	(1)
Detecting Covariation	387	(6)
Base Rates	393	(5)
Assessing the Damage	398	(10)
Chapter Summary	408	(3)
Reasoning: Thinking through the Implications of What You Know	411	(36)
Confirmation and Disconfirmation	412	(3)
Logic	415	(13)
Mental Models	428	(2)
Decision-Making	430	(15)
Chapter Summary	445	(2)
Solving Problems	447	(40)
General Problem-Solving Methods	448	(10)
Relying on Past Knowledge	458	(10)
Defining the Problem	468	(7)
Creativity	475	(9)
Chapter Summary	484	(3)
Conscious Thought, Unconscious Thought	487
The Cognitive Unconscious	488	(8)
The Disadvantages of Unconscious Processing	496	(2)
The Function of Consciousness	498	(3)
Consciousness: What Is Left Unsaid	501	(1)
Chapter Summary	501
Glossary	A1
References	A15
Credits	A64
Index	A65