Cognitive Modeling

by Thad A. Polk and Colleen M. Seifert (Eds.)

• ISBN13: 9780262661164
• ISBN10: 0262661160
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2002-08-15
• Publisher: Bradford Books

Summary

Computational modeling plays a central role in cognitive science. This book provides a comprehensive introduction to computational models of human cognition. It covers major approaches and architectures, both neural network and symbolic; major theoretical issues; and specific computational models of a variety of cognitive processes, ranging from low-level (e.g., attention and memory) to higher-level (e.g., language and reasoning). The articles included in the book provide original descriptions of developments in the field. The emphasis is on implemented computational models rather than on mathematical or nonformal approaches, and on modeling empirical data from human subjects.

Table of Contents

Preface	xi
Sources	xix
Part I Architectures and Approaches	1	(334)
Symbolic Models	3	(1)
Construction Integration	4	(1)
The Role of Knowledge in Discourse Comprehension: A Construction--Integration Model	5	(44)
Walter A. Kintsch
ACT	48	(1)
ACT: A Simple Theory of Complex Cognition	49	(22)
John R. Anderson
Soar	69	(2)
A Preliminary Analysis of the Soar Architecture as a Basis for General Intelligence	71	(30)
Paul S. Rosenbloom
John E. Laird
Allen Newell
Robert McCarl
EPIC	99	(2)
Adaptive Executive Control: Flexible Multiple-Task Performance without Pervasive Immutable Response-Selection Bottlenecks	101	(30)
David E. Meyer
David E. Kieras
Erick Lauber
Eric H. Schumacher
Jennifer Glass
Eileen Zurbriggen
Leon Gmeindl
Dana Apfelblat
CAPS	129	(2)
A Capacity Theory of Comprehension: Individual Differences in Working Memory	131	(50)
Marcel A. Just
Patricia A. Carpenter
Neural Network Models	179	(1)
Neural Networks	180	(1)
How Neural Networks Learn from Experience	181	(16)
Geoffrey E. Hinton
Hopfield Networks	196	(1)
The Hopfield Model	197	(16)
John Hertz
Anders Krogh
Richard G. Palmer
Back Propagation	212	(1)
Learning Representations by Back-Propagating Errors	213	(10)
David E. Rumelhart
Geoffrey E. Hinton
Ronald J. Williams
Supervised Learning	221	(2)
Forward Models: Supervised Learning with a Distal Teacher	223	(34)
Michael I. Jordan
David E. Rumelhart
Recurrent Networks	256	(1)
Finding Structure in Time	257	(32)
Jeffrey L. Elman
Adaptive Resonance Theory	288	(1)
A Self-Organizing Neural Network for Supervised Learning, Recognition, and Prediction	289	(28)
Gail A. Carpenter
Stephen Grossberg
Optimality Theory	315	(2)
Optimality: From Neural Networks to Universal Grammar	317	(18)
Alan Prince
Paul Smolensky
Part II Case Studies in Cognitive Modeling	335	(780)
Perceptual Recognition	336	(1)
Dynamic Binding in a Neural Network for Shape Recognition	337	(40)
John E. Hummel
Irving Biederman
Executive Processes	375	(2)
Context, Cortex, and Dopamine: A Connectionist Approach to Behavior and Biology in Schizophrenia	377	(46)
Jonathan D. Cohen
David Servan-Schreiber
Attentional Neglect	422	(1)
The End of the Line for a Brain-Damaged Model of Unilateral Neglect	423	(40)
Michael C. Mozer
Peter W. Halligan
John C. Marshall
List Memory	461	(2)
An Integrated Theory of List Memory	463	(36)
John R. Anderson
Dan Bothell
Christian Lebiere
Michael Matessa
Memory and Learning	497	(2)
Why There Are Complementary Learning Systems in the Hippocampus and Neocortex: Insights from the Successes and Failures of Connectionist Models of Learning and Memory	499	(38)
James L. McClelland
Bruce L. McNaughton
Randall C. O'Reilly
Category Learning	535	(2)
ALCOVE: An Exemplar-Based Connectionist Model of Category Learning	537	(86)
John K. Kruschke
Procedural Learning	576	(45)
How People Learn to Skip Steps	577
Stephen B. Blessing
John R. Anderson
Conceptual Learning	621	(2)
Acquisition of Children's Addition Strategies: A Model of Impasse-Free, Knowledge-Level Learning	623	(26)
Randolph M. Jones
Kurt VanLehn
Language Learning	647	(2)
Learning from a Connectionist Model of the Acquisition of the English Past Tense	649	(12)
Kim Plunkett
Virginia A. Marchman
Learning Words	660	(1)
Acquiring the Mapping from Meaning to Sounds	661	(30)
Garrison W. Cottrell
Kim Plunkett
Reading Words	690	(1)
Understanding Normal and Impaired Word Reading: Computational Principles in Quasi-Regular Domains	691	(58)
David C. Plaut
James L. McClelland
Mark S. Seidenberg
Karalyn Patterson
Producing Language	747	(2)
Language Production and Serial Order: A Functional Analysis and a Model	749	(48)
Gary S. Dell
Lisa K. Burger
William R. Svec
Understanding Language	795	(2)
Interference in Short-Term Memory: The Magical Number Two (or Three) in Sentence Processing	797	(20)
Richard L. Lewis
Processing Similarity	815	(2)
Similarity, Interactive Activation, and Mapping: An Overview	817	(32)
Robert L. Goldstone
Douglas L. Medin
Mapping Analogies	848	(1)
Analogical Mapping by Constraint Satisfaction	849	(62)
Keith J. Holyoak
Paul Thagard
Retrieving Analogies	910	(1)
MAC/FAC: A Model of Similarity-Based Retrieval	911	(32)
Kenneth D. Forbus
Dedre Gentner
Keith Law
Representing Structure	941	(2)
Distributed Representations of Structure: A Theory of Analogical Access and Mapping	943	(44)
John E. Hummel
Keith J. Holyoak
Retrieving Structure	986	(1)
Case-Based Learning: Predictive Features in Indexing	987	(22)
Colleen M. Seifert
Kristian J. Hammond
Hollyn M. Johnson
Timothy M. Converse
Thomas F. McDougal
Scott W. VanderStoep
Inductive Reasoning	1008	(1)
Feature-Based Induction	1009	(36)
Steven A. Sloman
Deductive Reasoning	1043	(2)
Deduction as Verbal Reasoning	1045	(40)
Thad A. Polk
Allen Newell
Task Performance	1083	(2)
Project Ernestine: Validating a GOMS Analysis for Predicting and Explaining Real-World Task Performance	1085	(30)
Wayne D. Gray
Bonnie E. John
Michael E. Atwood
Part III Issues in Cognitive Modeling	1115	(146)
Connectionist vs. Symbolic Models	1116	(1)
Connectionism and the Problem of Systematicity (Continued): Why Smolensky's Solution Still Doesn't Work	1117	(14)
Jerry Fodor
Theory vs. Modeling	1129	(2)
Networks and Theories: The Place of Connectionism in Cognitive Science	1131	(18)
Michael McCloskey
Computation in the Brain	1147	(2)
Neuropsychological Inference with an Interactive Brain: A Critique of the ``Locality'' Assumption	1149	(44)
Martha J. Farah
Mind vs. World	1191	(2)
Is Human Cognition Adaptive?	1193	(38)
John. R. Anderson
Generality vs. Specificity of Models	1229	(2)
Precis of Unified Theories of Cognition	1231	(30)
Allen Newell
Contributors	1261	(6)
Index	1267