Cognitive Neuroscience of Aging Linking Cognitive and Cerebral Aging

by Cabeza, Roberto; Nyberg, Lars; Park, Denise

• ISBN13: 9780195156744
• ISBN10: 0195156749
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2004-11-18
• Publisher: Oxford University Press

Summary

Until very recently, our knowledge about the neural basis of cognitive aging was based on two disciplines that had very little contact with each other. Whereas the neuroscience of aging investigated the effects of aging on the brain independently of age-related changes in cognition, thecognitive psychology of aging investigated the effects of aging on cognition independently of age-related changes in the brain. The lack of communication between these two disciplines is currently being addressed by an increasing number of studies that focus on the relationships between cognitiveaging and cerebral aging. This rapidly growing body of research has come to constitute a new discipline, which may be called cognitive neuroscience of aging. The goal of Cognitive Neuroscience of Aging is to introduce the reader to this new discipline at a level that is useful to both professionalsand students in the domains of cognitive neuroscience, cognitive psychology, neuroscience, neuropsychology, neurology, and other, related areas. This book is divided into four main sections. The first section describes noninvasive measures of cerebral aging, including structural (e.g., volumetric MRI), chemical (e.g., dopamine PET), electrophysiological (e.g., ERPs), and hemodynamic (e.g., fMRI), and discusses how they can be linked tobehavioral measures of cognitive aging. The second section reviews evidence for the effects of aging on neural activity during different cognitive functions, including perception and attention, imagery, working memory, long-term memory, and prospective memory. The third section focuses on clinicaland applied topics, such as the distinction between healthy aging and Alzheimers disease and the use of cognitive training to ameliorate age-related cognitive decline. The last section describes theories that relate cognitive and cerebral aging, including models accounting for functionalneuroimaging evidence and models supported by computer simulations. Taken together, the chapters in this volume provide the first unified and comprehensive overview of the new discipline of cognitive neuroscience of aging.

Table of Contents

Contributors	vii
1Cognitive Neuroscience of Aging: Emergence of a New Discipline
Roberto Cabeza, Lars Nyberg, and Denise C. Park	3	(16)
I Imaging Measures
2 The Aging Brain Observed in Vivo: Differential Changes and Their Modifiers
Naftali Raz	19	(39)
3 The Role of Dopamine Systems in Cognitive Aging
Lars Bäckman and Lars Farde	58	(27)
4 Flectrophysiological and Optical Measures of Cognitive Aging
Monica Fabiani and Gabriele Gratton	85	(22)
5 BOLD Functional MRI and Cognitive Aging
Adam H. Gazzaley and Mark D 'Esposito	107	(25)
6 The Relationship Between Brain Activity, Cognitive Performance, and Aging: The Case of Memory
Michael D. Rugg and Alexa M. Morcom	132	(25)
II Basic Cognitive Processes
7 Age-Related Changes in Neural Activity During Visual Perception and Attention
David J. Madden, Wythe L. Whiting, and Scott A. Huettel	157	(29)
8 The Cognitive Neuroscience of Working Memory and Aging
Patricia A. Reuter-Lorenz and Ching-Yune C. Sylvester	186	(32)
9 Long-Term Memory and Aging: A Cognitive Neuroscience Perspective
Denise C. Park and Angela H. Gutchess	218	(28)
10 The Neural Basis of Age-Related Declines in Prospective Memory
Robert West	246	(21)
III Clinical and Applied Issues
11 Three Principles for Cognitive Aging Research: Multiple Causes and Sequelae, Variance in Expression and Response, and the Need for Integrative Theory
Randy L. Buckner	267	(19)
12 Functional Connectivity During Memory Tasks in Healthy Aging and Dementia
Cheryl L. Grady	286	(23)
13 Cognitive Training in Healthy Aging: A Cognitive Neuroscience Perspective
Lars Nyberg	309	(16)
IV Models in Cognitive Neuroscience of Aging
14 Age-Related Changes in Hemispheric Organization
Sander Daselaar and Roberto Cabeza	325	(29)
15 Neurocomputational Perspectives Linking Neuromodulation, Processing Noise, Representational Distinctiveness, and Cognitive Aging
Shu-Chen Li	354	(27)
Author Index	381	(14)
Subject Index	395