Provides an extensive overview of the methods used to study these questions, and the emerging interface between neurobiological and psychological perspectives in the study of typical and atypical cognitive development.

List of contributors

ix

Acknowledgements

xi

Introduction

xv

Mechanisms and theories of brain development

1

(18)

Michelle de Haan

Mark H. Johnson

Introduction

1

(1)

Basics of brain development

1

(4)

Differentiation of the cerebral cortex

5

(3)

How can extrinsic factors influence cortical development?

8

(3)

Response to injury

11

(3)

Conclusions

14

(1)

References

15

(4)

Methods for imaging the developing brain

19

(24)

K.M. Thomas

B.J. Casey

Introduction

19

(1)

Electrophysiological techniques

20

(7)

Structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques

27

(4)

Functional magnetic resonance imaging techniques

31

(5)

Conclusions and future directions

36

(1)

References

37

(6)

Neurobiological models of normal and abnormal visual development

43

(30)

Janette Atkinson

Oliver Braddick

Introduction

43

(1)

Neurobiological models of visual development

44

(7)

Functional onset of specific cortical modules

51

(6)

Development of integration (``binding'') and segmentation processes

57

(1)

Integration of subcortical orienting systems with cortical systems for attentional control of eye and head movements

57

(1)

Development of reaching and grasping action modules

58

(3)

Abnormal development of dorsal and ventral streams

61

(3)

Conclusions

64

(1)

Acknowledgements

64

(1)

References

64

(9)

The development of visual attention and the brain

73

(26)

John E. Richards

Introduction

73

(1)

Neurodevelopmental models of visual attention

74

(5)

Arousal/attention system and recognition memory

79

(5)

Covert orienting and attention

84

(4)

Saccade planning

88

(4)

Conclusions

92

(1)

Acknowledgements

93

(1)

References

93

(6)

A cognitive neuroscience perspective on early memory development

99

(28)

Charles A. Nelson

Sara J. Webb

Introduction

99

(1)

History of the study of brain-behaviour relations

100

(1)

Contemporary views of memory

101

(1)

The development of memory systems: A precis

102

(2)

The development and neural bases of pre-explicit and explicit memory

104

(3)

The role of the prefrontal cortex in the development of explicit memory

107

(3)

The development and neural bases of implicit memory

110

(7)

Plasticity in memory systems

117

(1)

Conclusions

118

(1)

Acknowledgements

119

(1)

References

119

(8)

Neural substrate of speech and language development

127

(30)

Christiana M. Leonard

Introduction

127

(3)

Early language development

130

(3)

Cortical anatomy

133

(5)

Cortical organization

138

(4)

Cortical development

142

(5)

Summary

147

(1)

Acknowledgements

148

(1)

References

148

(9)

The neural and functional development of human prefrontal cortex

157

(24)

Monica Luciana

Introduction

157

(1)

Overview of prefrontal development

158

(5)

Behavioural development of frontal lobe functions

163

(2)

Emergence of prefrontal function in infancy

165

(2)

Continuity of development in early-to-middle childhood

167

(1)

Maturation of frontal lobe function in adolescence

168

(5)

Conclusions

173

(1)

References

174

(7)

Emotion, cognition, and the hypothalamic--pituitary--adrenocortical axis: a developmental perspective

181

(26)

Elysia Poggi Davis

Susan Whitmore Parker

Nim Tottenham

Megan R. Gunnar

Introduction

181

(1)

The neurobiology of the HPA system

182

(3)

Early experience and the LHPA axis

185

(2)

Cognition and the LHPA axis

187

(4)

The LHPA axis and emotion

191

(2)

The LHPA axis and development

193

(3)

Conclusions

196

(3)

References

199

(8)

Neuroendocrinology: Cognitive effects of sex hormones

207

(30)

Sheri A. Berenbaum

Scott Moffat

Amy Wisniewski

Susan Resnick

Introduction

207

(1)

Why and how might hormones affect cognition?

207

(4)

Evidence for cognitive effects of organizational hormones: Studies in clinical conditions and normal samples

211

(6)

Evidence for cognitive effects of activational hormones: cognition is associated with hormonal variations in adults

217

(9)

Summary

226

(1)

Acknowledgements

227

(1)

References

227

(10)

Developmental disorders of genetic origin

237

(26)

Helen Tager-Flusberg

Introduction

237

(1)

Historical background

237

(1)

Genetics of developmental disorders

238

(4)

Neurobiology of developmental disorders

242

(2)

Neuropsychology and cognitive science of developmental disorders

244

(1)

Phenylketonuria

245

(1)

Fragile X syndrome

246

(2)

Turner's syndrome

248

(2)

Williams syndrome

250

(2)

Autism

252

(2)

Conclusions

254

(1)

Acknowledgements

254

(1)

References

255

(8)

Glossary

263

(4)

Author index

267

(26)

Subject index

293

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