Collaborative Design and Planning for Digital Manufacturing

by Wang, Lihui; Nee, Andrew Y. C.

• ISBN13: 9781848822863
• ISBN10: 1848822863
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2009-03-30
• Publisher: Springer Verlag

Summary

Collaborative design has attracted much attention in the research community in recent years. With increasingly decentralized manufacturing systems and processes, more collaborative approaches and systems are needed to support distributed manufacturing operations. "Collaborative Design and Planning for Digital Manufacturing" presents a focused collection of quality chapters on the state-of-the-art research efforts in the area of collaborative design and planning, as well as their practical applications towards digital manufacturing."Collaborative Design and Planning for Digital Manufacturing" provides both a broad-based review of the key areas of research in digital manufacturing, and an in-depth treatment of particular methodologies and systems, from collaborative design to distributed planning, monitoring and control. Recent development and innovations in this area provide a pool of focused research efforts, relevant to a wide readership from academic researchers to practicing engineers.

Author Biography

Lihui Wang is a Senior Research Officer at the Integrated Manufacturing Technologies Institute, National Research Council of Canada, and an Adjunct Professor in the Department of Mechanical and Material Engineering at the University of Western Ontario.His research interests and responsibilities are in Web-Based and Sensor-Driven Real-Time Monitoring and Control, Distributed Machining Process Planning, New Architecture Design and System Development, and Development of Wise-ShopFloor and DPP Systems.Andrew Y.C. Nee is a professor of manufacturing engineering in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at the National University of Singapore (NUS), and the Director of the Office of Research at the NUS. His research interests are computer applications for tool, die, fixture design and planning; intelligent and distributed manufacturing systems; and, virtual and augmented reality applications in manufacturing. He is an active member of CIRP and an elected Fellow of the Society of Manufacturing Engineers.

Table of Contents

List of Contributors	p. xvii
Informatics Platform for Designing and Deploying e-Manufacturing Systems	p. 1
Introduction	p. 1
Systematic Methodology in Prognostics Design for e-Manufacturing	p. 5
Overview of 5S Methodology	p. 5
The 1st S - Streamline	p. 8
The 2nd S - Smart Processing	p. 10
The 3rd S - Synchronise	p. 11
The 4th S - Standardise	p. 13
The 5th S - Sustain	p. 13
Informatics Platform for Implementing e-Manufacturing Applications	p. 14
Modularised Prognostics Toolbox-Watchdog Agent Toolbox	p. 15
Automatic Tool Selection	p. 17
Decision Support Tools for the System Level	p. 19
Implementation of the Informatics Platform	p. 21
Industrial Case Studies	p. 23
Case Study 1 - Chiller Predictive Maintenance	p. 23
Case Study 2 - Spindle Bearing Health Assessment	p. 26
Case Study 3 - Smart Machine Predictive Maintenance	p. 29
Conclusions and Future Work	p. 33
References	p. 34
A Framework for Integrated Design of Mechatronic Systems	p. 37
Introduction	p. 37
State of the Art and Research Gaps	p. 40
Product Data Management	p. 40
Formats for Standardised Data Exchange	p. 41
The NIST Core Product Model	p. 42
Multi-representation Architecture	p. 43
Constraint-based Techniques	p. 44
Active Semantic Networks	p. 45
Summary and Research Gap Analysis	p. 46
An Approach to Integrated Design of Mechatronic Products	p. 48
Modelling Mechatronic Systems	p. 48
Constraint Classification in Mechanical Domain	p. 49
Constraint Classification in Electrical Domain	p. 52
Illustrative Example: a Robot Arm	p. 53
Overview of the Robot Arm	p. 53
Modelling Constraints for SG5-UT	p. 55
Requirements for a Computational Framework for Integrated Mechatronic Systems Design	p. 59
Electrical Design	p. 59
Mechanical and Electronic Design	p. 64
Integrated Design	p. 64
Conclusions	p. 68
References	p. 68
Fine Grain Feature Associations in Collaborative Design and Manufacturing - A Unified Approach	p. 71
Introduction	p. 71
Literature Review	p. 72
Geometric Relations	p. 72
Non-geometric Relations	p. 73
Unified Feature	p. 74
Fields	p. 76
Methods	p. 77
Entity Associations	p. 78
Implementing the Constraint-based Associations	p. 80
Implementing the Sharing Associations	p. 80
Evaluation of Validity and Integrity of Unified Feature Model	p. 82
Algorithms for Change Propagation	p. 82
Multiple View Consistency	p. 85
Cellular Model	p. 85
Using Cellular Topology in Feature-based Solid Modelling	p. 85
Extended Use of Cellular Model	p. 88
Characteristics of the Unified Cellular Model	p. 89
Two-dimensional Features and Their Characteristics	p. 91
Relation Hierarchy in the Unified Cellular Model	p. 92
Conclusions	p. 94
References	p. 95
Collaborative Supplier Integration for Product Design and Development	p. 99
Introduction	p. 99
Different Ways of Supplier Integration	p. 101
Know-how Sharing for Supplier Integration	p. 104
Collaboration Tools for Supplier Integration	p. 105
System Development	p. 108
Conclusions	p. 115
Acknowledgement	p. 115
References	p. 115
Reconfigurable Manufacturing Systems Design for a Contract Manufacturer Using a Co-operative Co-evolutionary Multi-agent Approach	p. 117
Introduction	p. 117
Related Research	p. 118
Co-operative Co-evolutionary Multi-agent Approach to Reconfigurable Manufacturing Systems Design	p. 120
Application of Approach to Reconfigurable Milling Machines	p. 122
Solution Representation	p. 122
Solution Evaluation	p. 123
Synthesising Machine Architecture Using an Evolutionary Algorithm	p. 129
Case Example	p. 131
Conclusions	p. 134
References	p. 135
A Web and Virtual Reality-based Platform for Collaborative Product Review and Customisation	p. 137
Introduction	p. 137
Collaborative Manufacturing Environment Framework	p. 139
Collaborative Product Reviewer	p. 141
Platform Design	p. 142
Platform Architecture	p. 142
Communication	p. 143
Platform Implementation and Functionality	p. 143
Collaboration Platform	p. 145
Virtual Reality Viewer	p. 146
Augmented Reality Viewer	p. 147
A Textiles Industry Use Case	p. 147
Conclusions	p. 150
Acknowledgement	p. 151
References	p. 151
Managing Collaborative Process Planning Activities through Extended Enterprise	p. 153
Introduction	p. 153
Review of Collaborative and Distributed Process Planning	p. 156
ICT Functionalities for Collaboration	p. 158
Basic Requirements for Knowledge, Information and Data Management	p. 159
Basic Requirements for Workflow Management	p. 161
Product Lifecycle Management Tools for Collaboration	p. 164
Reference Model for Collaborative Process Planning	p. 165
Collaborative Process Planning Activities Modelling	p. 167
Use Cases Modelling	p. 168
Sequence Diagrams Modelling	p. 170
Workflow Modelling	p. 171
Implementation of ICT References Architecture	p. 175
Case Study	p. 177
Setup of a Collaborative Environment	p. 177
Creation of Lifecycle Phases in a Manufacturing Process Plan	p. 179
Implementation of Required Workflow	p. 179
Results and Discussions	p. 179
Conclusions	p. 182
Acknowledgement	p. 183
References	p. 183
Adaptive Setup Planning for Job Shop Operations under Uncertainty	p. 187
Introduction	p. 187
Literature Review	p. 188
Adaptive Setup Planning	p. 190
Research Background	p. 190
Generic Setup Planning	p. 191
Setup Merging on a Single Machine	p. 192
Adaptive Setup Merging across Machines	p. 198
Implementation and Case Study	p. 206
Prototype Implementation	p. 206
A Case Study	p. 206
Optimisation Results	p. 209
Discussion	p. 213
Conclusions	p. 214
Acknowledgement	p. 215
References	p. 215
Auction-based Heuristic in Digitised Manufacturing Environment for Part Type Selection and Operation Allocation	p. 217
Introduction	p. 217
Overview of Agent Technology	p. 221
Definition of an Agent and its Properties	p. 221
Heterarchical Control Framework	p. 222
Contract-net Protocol (CNP)	p. 222
Overview of Auction Mechanism	p. 223
Problem Definition	p. 224
Proposed Framework	p. 225
Agent Architecture	p. 225
Framework with Agent Architecture	p. 227
Framework of Auction Mechanism	p. 229
Communications among Agents	p. 231
Task Decomposition/Distribution Pattern	p. 231
Heuristic Rules for Sequencing and Part Selection	p. 232
Case Study	p. 234
Winner Determination	p. 234
Analysis of the Best Sequence	p. 236
Results and Discussion	p. 236
Conclusions	p. 240
Acknowledgement	p. 241
References	p. 241
A Web-based Rapid Prototyping Manufacturing System for Rapid Product Development	p. 245
Introduction	p. 245
Web-based RP&M Systems: a Comprehensive Review	p. 246
Various Architectures for Web-based RP&M Systems	p. 246
Key Issues in Developing Web-based RP&M Systems	p. 248
An Integrated Manufacturing System for Rapid Product Development Based on RP&M	p. 251
Workflow of a Web-based RP&M System	p. 253
Architecture of a Web-based RP&M System	p. 254
Development of a Web-based RP&M System	p. 258
Case Study	p. 259
Conclusions	p. 261
Acknowledgement	p. 262
References	p. 262
Agent-based Control for Desktop Assembly Factories	p. 265
Introduction	p. 265
Agent-based Manufacturing Control	p. 267
Collaborative Industrial Automation	p. 268
Agent-based Control: the State of the Art	p. 269
Further Work Required	p. 271
Actor-based Assembly Systems Architecture	p. 272
Architecture Overview	p. 273
Intelligent Physical Agents: Actors	p. 274
Agent Societies: ABAS Systems	p. 276
Actor Contact Features	p. 279
ABAS Engineering Framework	p. 282
ABAS WorkBench	p. 283
ABAS Viewer	p. 284
Actor Blueprint	p. 285
Case Studies	p. 286
Experimental Development of Actor Prototypes	p. 286
Experimental Results and Future Directions	p. 287
Conclusions	p. 289
References	p. 289
Information Sharing in Digital Manufacturing Based on STEP and XML	p. 293
Introduction	p. 293
STEP as a Neutral Product Data Format	p. 294
Components of STEP	p. 295
XML as the "Information Carrier"	p. 298
Development and Application Domain of XML	p. 299
Express-XML DTD Binding Methods	p. 299
A Digital Manufacturing Support System	p. 300
System Architecture	p. 301
Overview of the System	p. 301
System Functionality	p. 302
Converter	p. 306
Late Binding Rules	p. 307
System Interface	p. 307
Conclusions	p. 309
References	p. 311
Appendix	p. 312
Pulling the Value Streams of a Virtual Enterprise with a Web-based Kanban System	p. 317
Introduction	p. 317
Lean Systems and Virtual Enterprises	p. 319
Lean Manufacturing Systems	p. 319
Lean Supply Chain	p. 320
Agile Virtual Enterprise	p. 321
From Kanban Cards to Web-based Kanban	p. 322
Kanban Systems: The Enabler of Just-in-Time	p. 322
Weakness of Conventional Kanban Systems	p. 323
Web-based Technology and e-Kanban	p. 324
Building a Web-based Kanban System	p. 325
Infrastructure and Functionality of a Web-based Kanban System	p. 326
An Experimental System Using PHP+MySQL	p. 328
Pulling the Value Streams of a Virtual Enterprise	p. 331
Web-based Kanban for Virtual Cells	p. 331
Cyber-enabled Agile Virtual Enterprise	p. 333
Challenges and Future Research	p. 335
Challenges of Web-based Kanban in an Agile Virtual Enterprise	p. 336
Conclusions and Future Research	p. 337
Acknowledgement	p. 337
References	p. 338
Agent-based Workflow Management for RFID-enabled Real-time Reconfigurable Manufacturing	p. 341
Introduction	p. 342
Overview of Real-time Reconfigurable Manufacturing	p. 345
Overview of Shop-floor Gateway	p. 347
Workflow Management	p. 347
Manufacturing Services UDDI	p. 348
Agents-based Manufacturing Services	p. 349
Overview of Work-cell Gateway	p. 350
Agent-based Workflow Management for RTM	p. 351
Workflow Model	p. 351
Workflow Definition	p. 353
Workflow Execution	p. 354
Case Study	p. 355
Re-engineering Manufacturing Job Shops	p. 355
Definition of Agents and Workflow	p. 357
Facilities for Operators and Supervisors	p. 359
WIP Logistics Process	p. 360
Conclusions	p. 362
Acknowledgements	p. 362
References	p. 363
Web-based Production Management and Control in a Distributed Manufacturing Environment	p. 365
Introduction	p. 366
Overview	p. 367
ERP Systems	p. 367
Electronic Manufacturing (e-Mfg)	p. 368
WebMachining Methodology	p. 368
CyberCut	p. 369
Promme Methodology	p. 369
Distributed Shop Floor	p. 369
ERP Manufacturing	p. 370
System Modelling	p. 373
IDEF0	p. 373
UML	p. 375
Web-based Shop Floor Controller	p. 376
Communication within the Flexible Manufacturing Cell	p. 376
Web-based Shop Floor Controller Implementation	p. 376
Results	p. 382
Conclusions	p. 385
References	p. 387
Flexibility Measures for Distributed Manufacturing Systems	p. 389
Introduction	p. 389
Routing Flexibility	p. 390
Numerical Examples	p. 394
Network Flexibility	p. 398
Numerical Examples	p. 400
Conclusions	p. 404
References	p. 404
Index	p. 407
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