Collaborative Enterprise Architecture

by Bente, Stefan; Bombosch, Uwe; Langade, Shailendra

• ISBN13: 9780124159341
• ISBN10: 0124159346
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2012-08-29
• Publisher: Morgan Kaufmann Pub

Summary

Rapid advances in information technologies and ever-changing business needs have prompted large companies to embark on enterprise-wide transformations. Today, businesses must be "hyper-connected" if they are to thrive, with information readily accessible to partners, suppliers, customers, and employees. At the same time, digitization, cloud computing, agile software development, and Web 2.0, among other developments, demand fundamental changes in business practice. These changes have a drastic effect not only on IT and business, but on processes, principles, and people. Traditional Enterprise Architecture has been unable to accommodate these trends, with 80% of initiatives failing. To better align their IT assets and business operations, companies need innovative EA strategies that are agile and responsive to changing business requirements. Enterprise Architecture Management provides the practical solutions they require, informed by real-world case studies and experts' insights. A hands-on guide to implementing EAM, this book merges top-down and pragmatic, bottom-up approaches to create successful architecture focused on business value, collaboration, innovation, and digitized business networks. Covers the latest emerging technologies affecting business practice, including digitization, cloud computing, agile software development, and Web 2.0 Focuses on the practical implementation of EAM rather than theory, with recommendations based on real-world case studies Addresses changing business demands and practices, including Enterprise 2.0, open source, global sourcing, and more Takes an innovative approach to EAM, merging standard top-down and pragmatic, bottom-up strategies, offering real solutions to businesses undergoing enterprise-wide changes

Author Biography

Stefan Bente, Management Consultant, Cassini Consulting, Germany Uwe Bombosch, Chief IT Architect, Platinion, Germany Shailendra Langade, EA Practice Lead, Corporate Technology Excellence Group, Tata Consultancy Services, India

Table of Contents

Acknowledgments	p. xi
Why Collaborative Enterprise Architecture?	p. 1
Reasons for This Book	p. 1
Goals and Benefits of Enterprise Architecture	p. 4
Controlling IT Complexity	p. 6
Aligning Business and IT	p. 9
The Gray Reality: Enterprise Architecture Failures	p. 11
Between Success and Disappointment	p. 12
Perspective: Between Bird's-Eye View and Nitty-Gritty on the Ground	p. 14
Governance: A Host of Directives, but No One Follows Them	p. 19
Strategy: Marathaon or 100 m Run?	p. 21
Transformation: Between Standstill and Continuous Revolution	p. 23
Enriching EA by Lean, Agile, and Enterprise 2.0 Practices	p. 25
How This Book Is Structured	p. 28
What is Enterprise Architecture?	p. 31
The Meaning of Architecture	p. 31
Applying Architecture to an Enterprise	p. 34
EA Applicability and Use	p. 36
What Enterprise Architects Do: Core Activities of EA	p. 39
Defining the IT Strategy (EA-1)	p. 41
Defining the Goals	p. 42
Stipulating the Rules	p. 43
The Gartner Grid	p. 46
Identifying the Initiatives	p. 48
The Role of an Enterprise Architect	p. 49
Modeling the Architectures (EA-2)	p. 49
Models and Views of Various Architectures	p. 49
Visualizing Cross-Relations and Transformations	p. 51
Modeling Standards	p. 52
Evolving the IT Landscape (EA-3)	p. 58
Application Rationalization	p. 58
General IT Transformations	p. 66
SOA Transformations	p. 67
Assessing and Building Capabilities (EA-4)	p. 69
Competence Development for Enterprise Architects	p. 69
Formalizing Enterprise Architecture	p. 74
EA Team Position in the Organization Structure	p. 76
Developing and Enforcing Standards and Guidelines (EA-5)	p. 78
Standardizing on Technology Usage	p. 79
Enforcing Standards and Guidelines	p. 83
Monitoring the Project Portfolio (EA-6)	p. 86
Building the Project Portfolio	p. 87
Auditing the Portfolio	p. 93
Leading or Coaching Projects (EA-7)	p. 98
Managing Risks Involved in IT (EA-8)	p. 100
EA Frameworks	p. 105
What is an EA Framework?	p. 106
The Zachman Framework for Enterprise Architecture	p. 108
The Open Group Architecture Framework (TOGAF)	p. 110
TOGAF Architecture Development Methodology (ADM)	p. 111
TOGAF Architecture Content Framework	p. 114
TOGAF Architecture Capability Framework	p. 115
Gartner Methodology (Formerly META Framework)	p. 118
The Role and Use of EA frameworks	p. 121
EA Maturity Models	p. 123
Applying Maturity Model to EA	p. 124
What is a Maturity Model?	p. 124
Relevance of Maturity Models in EA	p. 126
A Rule of Thumb for the Architectural Maturity of an Enterprise	p. 126
OMB EA Assessment Framework	p. 127
Architecture Capability Maturity Model of the US Department of Commerce	p. 130
EA Maturity Model by MIT Center for Information System Research	p. 132
Experiences with the Maturity Models	p. 134
Foundations of Collaborative EA	p. 137
Reflections on Complexity	p. 139
Beyond Threshing Machines	p. 139
Structure and Behavior of Complex Phenomena	p. 140
Principles of Managing Complexity	p. 141
Management Capabilities of Hierarchies and Networks	p. 146
The EA Dashboard as a Yardstic for EA Effectiveness	p. 152
Toward Pragmatism: Learn and Agila EA	p. 159
The Architecture Factory: Applying Lean and Agile Methods to EA	p. 160
Lean and Agile Principles as Facilitators for the Architecture Factory	p. 162
Definition of a Lean and Agile EA	p. 163
Lean and Agile Principles	p. 165
Team-driven and Flexible: Agile Software Development	p. 165
Learning from Mass Production: Lean Software Development	p. 174
Lean and Agile: Parallels and Differences	p. 180
Building Block 1	p. 182
The Seven Wastes of EA	p. 183
Value Stream Analysis Tools for EA	p. 193
Transition to a Lean and Agile EA Organization	p. 203
Summing It Up: Assessment by the EA Dashboard	p. 205
Building Block 2: Involve all Stakeholders by Interlocking Architecture Scrums	p. 205
An Agile EA Project	p. 206
Scrum Patterns for EA	p. 209
Summing It Up: Assessment by the EA Dashboard	p. 215
Building Block 3: Practice Iteractive Architecture Through EA Kanban	p. 216
Agile EA Requirements Management	p. 217
An EA Kanban Board using TOGAF ADM	p. 222
Synchronization with Implementation Projects	p. 230
Summing It Up: Assessment by the EA Dashboard	p. 233
Inviting to Participation: EAM 2.0	p. 235
A Primer on Enterprise 2.0	p. 237
Building Block 4: Participation in Knowledge	p. 246
The Strategy Blog	p. 247
Collaborative Data Modeling: The ObjectPedia	p. 249
Weak Ties and a Self-Organizing Application Landscape	p. 251
Summing It Up: Assessment by the EA Dashboard	p. 256
Building Block 5: Participation in Decisions	p. 258
The Diagnostic Process Landscape	p. 259
The Bazaar of IT Opportunities	p. 261
Summing It Up: Assessment by the EA Dashboard	p. 264
Building Block 6: Participation in Transformation	p. 265
Mashing Up the Architecture Continuum	p. 265
The Change Management Microblog	p. 270
Summing It Up: Assessment by the EA Dashboard	p. 277
The Bottom Line: Inviting to Explore	p. 278
The Next Steps: Taking Collaborative EA Forward	p. 279
A Summary	p. 279
Getting Started with Collaborative EA	p. 283
Interpreting the Organizational Attitude Toward Change	p. 283
Motivate the Elephant	p. 286
Direct the Rider	p. 288
Shape the Path	p. 290
Looking Ahead	p. 293
Appendix: The Bank4Us Staff	p. 295
References	p. 297
Index	p. 303
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