Collaborative Product Design and Manufacturing Methodologies and Applications

by Li, W. D.; Ong, S. K.; Nee, Andrew Y. C.; McMahon, Chris

• ISBN13: 9781846288012
• ISBN10: 1846288010
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2007-04-30
• Publisher: Springer Verlag

Summary

Recently, there have been major innovations and paradigm shifts in product design methodologies and systems. The current R&D trend is the development of collaborative design and manufacturing methodologies and systems. Using a collaborative product development system, designers can participate in global design chains and collaborate with each other and overseas partners to pursue competitive advantages. It also allows designers to work closely with suppliers, manufacturing partners and customers across enterprise firewalls to obtain valuable inputs for their designs. Collaborative Product Design and Manufacturing Methodologies and Applications is an introduction to a wide spectrum of collaborative engineering issues in design and manufacturing. It contains state-of-the-art chapters written by international experts from academia and industry and reflects the most up-to-date R&D work and applications, especially those from the last three to five years. Collaborative Product Design and Manufacturing Methodologies and Applications is an essential reference for academics, upper-level undergraduate and graduate students and practitioners specialising in collaborative design and manufacturing issues, concurrent engineering, Internet-based/intelligent design and manufacturing, CAD/PDM/CAPP/CAM, Internet applications, product lifecycle management, supply chain, etc.

Author Biography

W.D. Li is a research fellow at the IMRC (Innovative Manufacturing Research Centre) at the University of Bath, UK. His research interests include collaborative product design and manufacturing, application of intelligent technologies in product design and manufacturing. CAD/CAPP/CAM, 3D geometric and feature-based modeling and applications, and design methodologies. In these areas, he has led various research and industrial projects as principal investigator or co-principal investigator.S.K. Ong is an associate professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at the National University of Singapore. Her research interests are intelligent and distributed manufacturing systems, computer-aided set-up planning, life cycle engineering, environment impact assessment, and virtual and augmented reality applications in manufacturing. In 2004, she received the M. Eugene Merchant Outstanding Young Manufacturing Engineer Award from the Society of Manufacturing Engineers. She was also a recipient of the 2004 Singapore Youth Award in the Science and Technology category.Andrew Y.C. Nee is a professor of manufacturing engineering in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at the National University of Singapore (NUS), and the Director of the Office of Research at the NUS. His research interests are computer applications for tool, die, fixture design and planning; intelligent and distributed manufacturing systems; and, virtual and augmented reality applications in manufacturing. He is an active member of CIRP and an elected Fellow of the Society of Manufacturing Engineers.Chris McMahon is a professor of engineering design in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at the University of Bath, UK, where he is an active teacher and researcher in engineering design and manufacture. He is also Director of the Bath Engineering Innovative Manufacturing Research Centre (IMRC), a center of excellence for research in design and manufacture funded by the UK's Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, and comprising some 35 researchers working in a variety of research topics in design technologies, design information and knowledge management, and manufacturing processes and systems. His research interests include computer-aided design, engineering information management, risk and uncertainty in design, design process improvement, design for remanufacturing, and design for fatigue.

Table of Contents

An Adaptable Service-based Framework for Distributed Product Realization	p. 1
Introduction	p. 2
Need for an Adaptable Framework	p. 3
An Open Engineering Systems Approach	p. 3
Requirements and Features of an Adaptable Framework	p. 4
Review of Capabilities Provided by Existing Frameworks	p. 8
Web-based Systems	p. 8
Agent-based Systems	p. 10
Distributed Object-based Modeling and Evaluation (DOME)	p. 13
NetBuilder	p. 13
Web-DPR	p. 14
Federated Intelligent Product EnviRonment (FIPER)	p. 14
Motivating Example: Design of Linear Cellular Alloys (LCAs)	p. 15
X-DPR (eXtensible Distributed Product Realization) Environment	p. 17
Overview of X-DPR	p. 17
Elements of the Framework	p. 18
Data Repository	p. 20
Process Diagram Tool	p. 21
Dynamic UI Generation	p. 23
Interface Mapping Tool	p. 24
Messaging and Agent Description in X-DPR	p. 26
Publishing a Service	p. 26
Asset Search Service	p. 26
Using the X-DPR framework for LCAs design	p. 27
X-DPR as an Adaptable Framework	p. 28
Conclusions	p. 30
Acknowledgments	p. 32
References	p. 32
A Web-based Intelligent Collaborative System for Engineering Design	p. 37
Introduction	p. 37
Related Work	p. 38
Current State-of-the-art on Computer-aided Collaborative Engineering Design Systems	p. 38
Current State-of-the-art on Argumentation-based Conflict Resolution	p. 39
A Web-based Intelligent Collaborative Engineering Design Environment and Its Application Scenarios	p. 40
Argumentation-based Conflict Resolution in the Collaborative Engineering Design Environment	p. 40
Structured Argumentation Through Dialog Graph	p. 42
Argument Reduction Through Fuzzy Inference	p. 43
Linguistic Variable Through Fuzzy Membership Functions	p. 45
Fuzzy Inference Rules	p. 46
Fuzzy System and Defuzzification	p. 47
Structured Argumentation Through Dialog Graph	p. 49
Design and Implementation	p. 49
An Application Example	p. 50
Conclusions	p. 56
Acknowledgements	p. 56
References	p. 57
A Shared VE for Collaborative Product Development in Manufacturing Enterprises	p. 59
Introduction	p. 59
Background	p. 60
Building the Shared VE	p. 61
Virtual Environment Functionality	p. 63
Virtual Prototyping Function	p. 63
Behavioral Simulation Function	p. 63
Assembly Support Function	p. 64
Collision Detection Function	p. 65
Pilot Application	p. 65
Conclusions and Future Research	p. 67
Acknowledgements	p. 68
References	p. 68
A `Plug-and-Play' Computing Environment for an Extended Enterprise	p. 71
Introduction	p. 71
Related Research	p. 72
Application Develoment Framework	p. 75
Geometric Modeling Middleware Services	p. 77
Modeling Functions	p. 77
Geometric Data XML File	p. 79
Application Relationship Manager (ARM)	p. 80
Process Data Exchange Middleware Services	p. 83
Reusable Application Classes	p. 84
Illustrative Case Study	p. 84
Conclusions	p. 89
References	p. 90
Cooperative Design in Building Construction	p. 93
Introduction	p. 93
System Architecture and Components	p. 95
The Cooperative 3D Editor	p. 96
The Cooperative Support Platform	p. 98
The Integrated Design Project Database	p. 98
Considerations and Implementation for Collaborative Design	p. 99
Interoperative and Multi-disciplinary	p. 99
The On-line Cooperative Working	p. 101
Design Error Detection During Integration	p. 102
System Evaluation	p. 103
Conclusions	p. 106
Acknowledgements	p. 107
References	p. 107
A Fine-grain and Feature-oriented Product Database for Collaborative Engineering	p. 109
Introduction	p. 109
Generic Feature Model	p. 112
Feature Shape Representation	p. 113
Constraint Definition	p. 113
Other Feature Properties	p. 114
Member Functions	p. 115
Application-specific Feature Model	p. 116
Mapping Mechanisms	p. 116
Mapping from Extended EXPRESS Model to ACIS Workform Format	p. 117
Geometry Mapping	p. 117
Generic Feature Definition Under ACIS Framework	p. 118
Database Representation Schema	p. 119
The Integration of Solid Modeler and Database	p. 119
Feature Model Re-evaluation and Constraint Solving	p. 120
Save Algorithm	p. 121
Restore Algorithm	p. 122
Feature Model Re-evaluation	p. 122
Problems of Historical-dependent System	p. 122
Dynamically Maintaining Feature Precedence Order	p. 124
History-independent Feature Model Re-evaluation	p. 125
Adding a New Feature Instance	p. 125
Deleting a Feature Instance	p. 126
Modifying a Feature Instance	p. 130
B-rep Evaluation	p. 130
A Case Study	p. 130
Conclusions	p. 133
Acknowledgements	p. 134
References	p. 134
A Web-based Framework for Distributed and Collaborative Manufacturing	p. 137
Introduction	p. 137
Distributed and Collaborative Manufacturing	p. 139
Proposed Framework and Implementation	p. 140
A Case Study	p. 142
Conclusions	p. 148
References	p. 148
Wise-ShopFloor: A Portal toward Collaborative Manufacturing	p. 151
Introduction	p. 151
Enabling Technologies	p. 152
Wise-ShopFloor Framework	p. 153
Adaptive Process Planning and Scheduling	p. 155
Architecture Design	p. 155
Machining Process Sequencing	p. 156
Function Block Design And Utilization	p. 158
Shop Floor Integration	p. 163
Web-based Real-time Monitoring and Control	p. 164
System Configuration	p. 164
Sensor Data Collection for Real-Time Monitoring	p. 165
Data Packet Format	p. 167
Java 3D Enabled Visualization	p. 167
Web-based Remote CNC Control	p. 169
A Case Study	p. 169
Conclusions	p. 172
Acronyms	p. 173
References	p. 174
Real Time Distributed Shop Floor Scheduling: An Agent-Based Service-Oriented Framework	p. 175
Introduction	p. 175
Scheduling Problems in Multiple Workcell Shop Floor	p. 176
Workcell Scheduling Problem	p. 177
Dynamic Scheduling Problem	p. 179
Distributed Scheduling Problem	p. 180
Scheduling Algorithms for Multiple Workcell Shop Floor	p. 181
Workcell Scheduling Algorithm	p. 182
Dynamic Scheduling Algorithm	p. 183
Distributed Scheduling Algorithm	p. 185
Agent-Based Service-Oriented System Integration	p. 187
System Overview	p. 188
Dynamic Scheduling Algorithm	p. 189
Scheduler Agent Design	p. 190
Coordination between Scheduler Agent and Real Time Controller Agent	p. 191
Coordination between Scheduling Services	p. 192
System Implementation	p. 194
A Case Study	p. 194
Conclusions	p. 195
References	p. 197
Leveraging Design Process Related Intellectual Capital - A Key to Enhancing Enterprise Agility	p. 201
Design Processes - An Enterprise's Fundamental Intellectual Capital	p. 202
Examples of Design Process Scenarios	p. 204
Description of LCAs design problem	p. 205
LCAs design process strategies	p. 206
Strategy 1: Sequential Design - Thermal First	p. 206
Strategy 2: Sequential Design - Structural First	p. 207
Strategy 3: Set-based Design	p. 207
Strategy 4: Use of Surrogate Models	p. 207
Strategy 5: Parallel Iterative Design	p. 208
Requirements and Critical Issues for Leveraging Design Process Related Intellectual Capital	p. 209
Support for Design Information Transformations	p. 209
Support for Design Decision-making	p. 210
Modeling and Representation of Design Processes	p. 210
Analyzing Design Processes	p. 211
Synthesizing Design Processes	p. 211
Research Issues and Strategies for Designing Design Processes	p. 212
Modeling Design Processes	p. 214
Research Issue	p. 214
Previous Work	p. 214
Research Questions	p. 214
Strategy: a Decision-centric Approach	p. 214
Computational Representations for Design Processes	p. 216
Research Issue	p. 216
Previous Work	p. 216
Research Questions	p. 217
Strategy: Separating Declarative Information from Procedural Information	p. 217
Storage of Design Information	p. 218
Research Issue	p. 218
Previous Work	p. 218
Research Questions	p. 219
Strategy: Process Templates	p. 219
Developing metrics for assessing design processes	p. 220
Research Issue	p. 220
Previous Work	p. 221
Research Questions	p. 221
Strategy: Process Templates	p. 221
Configuring Design Processes	p. 222
Research Issue	p. 222
Previous Work	p. 222
Research Questions	p. 222
Strategy: Process Families	p. 223
Configuring Design Processes	p. 223
Research Issue	p. 223
Previous Work	p. 224
Research Questions	p. 224
Strategy: Identifying Process Decisions	p. 224
Integrating Design Processes with Other Processes in PLM	p. 225
Research Issue	p. 225
Previous Work	p. 225
Research Questions	p. 226
Strategy: a Decision-centric Approach	p. 226
Conclusions	p. 227
Acknowledgments	p. 228
References	p. 228
Manufacturing Information Organization in Product Lifecycle Management	p. 235
Introduction	p. 235
Information and Knowledge Infrastructures for Manufacture	p. 236
Context Awareness: Its Significance for Information Organization	p. 239
Product Context	p. 239
Life Cycle Context	p. 241
Context Relationships	p. 242
Exploiting Manufacturing Standards	p. 246
STEP for Manufacturing	p. 246
Mandate - Resource, Time And Flow Models	p. 247
Process Specification Language	p. 248
Exploiting Product and Process Knowledge in Future	p. 249
Conclusions	p. 251
References	p. 252
Semantic Interoperability to Support Collaborative Product Development	p. 255
Introduction	p. 255
Semantic Interoperability Concepts and Technologies	p. 257
Data-driven Interoperability Standard	p. 258
Ontologies	p. 258
Product Models	p. 260
Product Semantics Capturing and STEP Extension Modeling	p. 263
Representing Semantics in Supplementary Information Models	p. 263
Embedding Supplementary Information in CAD Models	p. 264
Modeling STEP Extensions	p. 265
Capturing Semantics in STEP-compliant Product Models	p. 266
Taxonomy and Ontology	p. 267
Vocabulary Taxonomy	p. 267
OWL Ontology	p. 268
Semantics-driven Schema Mapping	p. 270
Software Prototype Development	p. 272
Software System Architecture	p. 272
Client Toolkits	p. 273
Collaboration Server Components and Services	p. 276
Collaboration Scenarios	p. 278
Support of Collaborative Design Process	p. 278
Design Objects Modeling and Semantics Capturing	p. 279
Semantics Sharing with Heterogeneous Systems	p. 281
Conclusions	p. 283
Acknowledgements	p. 284
Acronyms	p. 284
References	p. 284
A Proposal of Distributed Virtual Factory for Collaborative Production Management	p. 287
Introduction	p. 287
Distributed Virtual Factory	p. 288
Concept	p. 288
Structure	p. 289
Time Bucket Mechanism	p. 289
Cost Analysis	p. 291
Cost Analysis In Manufacturing Systems	p. 291
Activity Based Costing (ABC)	p. 291
DVF and ABC	p. 292
Manufacturing Model	p. 292
Formulations for Cost	p. 292
Experimental Results	p. 297
Simulation Model	p. 297
Total Factory Management in DVF	p. 297
Cost Analysys	p. 300
Conclusions	p. 301
References	p. 303
Index	p. 305
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