Colorectal Cancer

by Cassidy; Jim

• ISBN13: 9780824728359
• ISBN10: 0824728351
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2006-09-11
• Publisher: CRC Press

Summary

Written by world authorities on the subject, this reference comprehensively covers every aspect of colorectal cancer. Addressing the molecular mechanisms, genetics, identification, and therapy of disease, this guide covers new pharmaceutical developments, current screening protocols, and modern methods of disease management by specialists at renowned institutions such as the Royal Marsden Hospital, the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, and the Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center.

Table of Contents

Preface	v
Contributors	xiii
1. Genetic Susceptibility to Colorectal Cancer	1	(42)
Rebecca A. Barnetson and Malcolm G. Dunlop
Introduction	1	(1)
Autosomal Dominant Disorders	2	(13)
Familial Adenomatous Polyposis	15	(5)
Other Defined Dominant Colorectal Cancer Susceptibility Syndromes	20	(1)
Autosomal Recessive Disorders	21	(3)
Low Penetrance Variants	24	(6)
Conclusions	30	(1)
References	31	(12)
2. Epidemiology of Colorectal Cancer	43	(34)
Julian Little and Linda Sharp
Introduction	43	(1)
Descriptive Epidemiology of Colorectal Cancer	43	(3)
Groups at Increased Risk of Colorectal Cancer	46	(1)
Risk Factors for Colorectal Neoplasia	47	(12)
Conclusion	59	(1)
References	60	(17)
3. Colorectal Cancer Screening	77	(26)
Robert J.C. Steele
Introduction	77	(1)
Principles of Screening	78	(2)
Colorectal Cancer as a Suitable Target for Screening	80	(2)
Fecal Occult Blood Screening	82	(3)
Flexible Sigmoidoscopy	85	(1)
Colonoscopy	86	(2)
Radiology	88	(1)
Comparative Studies	88	(1)
Harm Caused by Screening	89	(2)
Economics of Screening	91	(2)
Novel Approaches to Screening	93	(4)
Conclusions	97	(1)
References	97	(6)
4. Pathology	103	(22)
Christian Wittekind
Introduction	103	(1)
Definition	103	(1)
Site Distribution	104	(1)
Gross Morphology	104	(1)
Histomorphology	105	(2)
Special Clinical Types of Colorectal Cancer	107	(3)
Classification of Anatomical Extent Before Treatment	110	(3)
Classification of Anatomical Extent After Treatment	113	(1)
Histological Grading of Tumor Regression	114	(1)
Prognostic Factors	114	(1)
The Histopathological Report	114	(2)
Quality Management Within Pathology Departments	116	(1)
Pathology Findings in Resection Specimens Indicative of Oncological Quality of Surgery	116	(3)
Quality Assurance of Clinical Trials on Adjuvant and Neoadjuvant Therapy: The Surgical Pathologist's Point of View	119	(1)
Malignant Tumors Other than Carcinomas	120	(1)
References	121	(4)
5. Familial Cancer Management	125	(26)
Sabine Tejpar
Introduction	125	(2)
Main Hereditary Colorectal Cancer Syndromes	127	(12)
Peutz—Jeghers Syndrome	139	(2)
Juvenile Polyposis	141	(2)
Cowden Syndrome or PTEN Hamartoma Syndrome	143	(1)
Familial Gastric Cancer	144	(1)
Familial Pancreatic Cancer	144	(1)
Hereditary Mixed Polyposis	144	(1)
Familial Colorectal Cancer	145	(1)
Aspects of Genetic Testing for GI Cancer Susceptibility	146	(2)
References	148	(3)
6. The Surgical Principles of Managing Colorectal Cancer	151	(12)
Ian R. Daniels and Richard J. Heald
Introduction	151	(1)
The "Embryological Approach" to Rectal Cancer	152	(1)
The Multidisciplinary Approach	152	(1)
The Principles of Rectal Cancer Excision: Total Mesorectal Excision	152	(4)
Recurrence and Survival	156	(2)
Applying the Principles of Total Mesorectal Excision to Colonic Cancer	158	(1)
Conclusion	159	(1)
References	159	(4)
7. Adjuvant Therapy for Colorectal Cancer	163	(32)
Geoff Chong and David Cunningham
Introduction	163	(1)
Adjuvant Therapy for Stage III Colorectal Cancer	164	(9)
Adjuvant Therapy for Stage II Colorectal Cancer	173	(3)
Newer Agents for Adjuvant Therapy	176	(7)
Prognostic Factors and Adjuvant Therapy	183	(2)
Recommendations for Adjuvant Therapy	185	(1)
Conclusions	186	(1)
References	187	(8)
8. The Role of Radiotherapy in the Treatment of Rectal Cancer	195	(34)
Rob Glynne-Jones and Rob Hughes
Background	195	(2)
Indications for Adjuvant Radiotherapy	197	(1)
Risk Factors for Local Recurrence	198	(3)
The Evidence Base for Adjuvant Radiotherapy in Resectable Rectal Cancer	201	(2)
The Rationale for Short Course Preoperative Radiotherapy	203	(1)
Short Course Preoperative Radiotherapy vs. Surgery Alone or Postoperative Radiotherapy	204	(1)
More Recent Trials Performed with Chemoradiation	205	(3)
Fixed/Unresectable Rectal Cancer	208	(1)
Intraoperative Radiotherapy	209	(1)
Early Rectal Cancer	209	(2)
Pretreatment Clinical Assessment	211	(1)
Radiotherapy Planning Techniques	212	(2)
Acute Toxicity and Supportive Care During Radiotherapy	214	(1)
Timing of Surgery Following Preoperative Radiotherapy	215	(1)
Surgical Complications	216	(1)
Late Effects	216	(1)
Conclusion	217	(2)
References	219	(10)
9. The Treatment of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer	229	(24)
Eric Van Cutsem and Leonard Saltz
Introduction	229	(1)
Cytotoxic Agents in Metastatic CRC	230	(6)
Targeted Therapies for Metastatic CRC	236	(8)
References	244	(9)
10. Hepatic Directed Therapy	253	(34)
Gregory D. Leonard and Nancy E. Kemeny
Introduction	253	(1)
Hepatic Arterial Infusion Chemotherapy	254	(17)
Portal Vein Infusion Chemotherapy	271	(1)
Isolated Hepatic Perfusion Chemotherapy	272	(2)
Conclusion	274	(1)
References	275	(12)
11. Pharmacogenomics of Colorectal Cancer	287	(30)
Patrick Johnston, Wendy L. Allen, and Howard L. McLeod
Introduction	287	(1)
Loss of Heterozygosity	288	(1)
Microsatellite Instability	289	(1)
TGF β II Mutation	290	(1)
5-Fluorouracil	291	(5)
Oxaliplatin	296	(2)
Irinotecan	298	(1)
Novel Therapies	299	(2)
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor	301	(1)
New Technologies	302	(4)
Conclusions	306	(1)
References	306	(11)
12. Drug Development for Advanced Colorectal Cancer in the United States	317	(20)
Igor Puzanov and Mace L. Rothenberg
Introduction	317	(1)
Development of 5-FU and 5-FU/LV as First-Line Chemotherapy	318	(1)
Development of Capecitabine as an Oral Alternative to 5-FU	319	(1)
Development of Irinotecan as Second-Line Therapy	320	(1)
Integration of Irinotecan into Front-Line Chemotherapy	321	(1)
Oxaliplatin: Initial Data on Front-Line Therapy	322	(1)
Oxaliplatin: Demonstration of Second-Line Efficacy	323	(1)
N9741: Comparison of First-Line Combination Regimens	324	(1)
Bevacizumab	325	(2)
Cetuximab	327	(1)
Regulatory Considerations of the U.S. FDA in the Approval of New Drugs for Treatment of Advanced Colorectal Cancer	328	(1)
Endpoints for New Drug Approval for Colorectal Cancer in the United States	329	(2)
How Will New Drugs be Developed for Colorectal Cancer in the Future?	331	(2)
References	333	(4)
Index	337