Concept and Necessity of a Common Tax Base - an academic introduction | p. 1 |
Introduction | p. 1 |
Company Taxation in the European Union | p. 2 |
Country Practice | p. 2 |
Corporate Tax Rates | p. 2 |
Corporate Tax Bases | p. 3 |
Starting Point: Relationship between Financial Accounting and Tax Accounting | p. 3 |
Depreciation on Plant and Equipment | p. 5 |
Recognition of Provisions | p. 6 |
Inter-company Dividends | p. 6 |
Capital Gains | p. 7 |
Loss Compensation | p. 8 |
Foreign Income | p. 9 |
Group Taxation | p. 12 |
Corporation Tax Systems | p. 13 |
Local Taxes | p. 15 |
Effective Tax Burdens | p. 16 |
Purpose of the Survey and Outline of the Model | p. 16 |
Domestic Investments | p. 18 |
Cross-border Investments | p. 20 |
Evaluation | p. 23 |
Criteria | p. 23 |
Economic Perspective of the Common Market: Efficiency and Neutrality | p. 23 |
Perspective of Businesses: Obstacles to Cross-border Activities within the EU | p. 24 |
Perspective of Member States Tax Administrations: Enforcement of Taxes and Protection of Tax Bases | p. 24 |
Is Harmonisation of Nominal Tax Rates a Way Out? | p. 25 |
Common Tax Base | p. 26 |
Principles | p. 26 |
Advantages | p. 28 |
Implementation issues | p. 30 |
Determination of Taxable Income | p. 30 |
Determination of Group Income | p. 31 |
Group Definition | p. 31 |
Taxable Unit | p. 31 |
Nexus | p. 33 |
Personal Scope | p. 33 |
Consolidation | p. 35 |
Starting Point | p. 35 |
Intra-group Loss Relief | p. 35 |
Intra-group Transactions | p. 37 |
Scope of Income Qualifying for Consolidation | p. 38 |
Treatment of EU Outbound and Inbound Investments | p. 39 |
Entry and Exit Rules | p. 40 |
Apportionment of Group Income | p. 41 |
Related Issues | p. 43 |
Legal Obligation | p. 43 |
Local Profit Taxes, Non-profit Taxes and Social Security Contributions | p. 44 |
In Favour of a Minimum Corporate Tax Rate | p. 45 |
Conclusion | p. 46 |
Perspektiven der Konzernbesteuerung | p. 49 |
Einleitung | p. 49 |
Ansprüche an eine Konzernbesteuerung | p. 50 |
Rechtliche Ansprüche | p. 50 |
Vorgaben des Grundgesetzes | p. 50 |
Vorgaben des EG-Vertrages | p. 52 |
Politische und ökonomische Ansprüche | p. 53 |
Politische Zielsetzungen im Konzernsteuerrecht | p. 53 |
Entscheidungsneutralität und Ressourcenallokation | p. 53 |
Konzernneutralität als Zielsetzung des Unternehmenssteuerrechts | p. 54 |
Sollbruchstellen im Konzernsteuerrecht | p. 55 |
Die Mehrfachbesteuerung von Gewinnen | p. 55 |
Klassisches Körperschaftsteuersystem und Integrationsverfahren | p. 55 |
Der Abzug von Beteiligungsaufwand | p. 57 |
Die Verrechnung von Verlusten | p. 58 |
Die Kontrolle von Schuldverhältnissen | p. 59 |
Die zentrale Rolle von Finanzierungen | p. 61 |
Die Vermeidung von Gewinnrealisierungen | p. 62 |
Zum Verhältnis Betriebsstätten / Tochtergesellschaften | p. 63 |
Das Konzept einer einheitlichen Konzernsteuerbemessungsgrundlage | p. 64 |
Grundzüge und Stand des Konzepts | p. 64 |
Optionslösung oder Zwangsvereinheitlichung? | p. 66 |
Internationale und nationale Konzerne | p. 67 |
Die Definition der Unternehmensgruppe | p. 68 |
Beteiligungsschwelle | p. 69 |
Wirtschaftliche Integration der Tochtergesellschaft | p. 70 |
Die Definition des steuerpflichtigen Einkommens | p. 71 |
Die Technik der Konsolidierung | p. 74 |
Die Behandlung von Drittstaaten | p. 75 |
Die Anwendung von Zuordnungsfaktoren | p. 78 |
Institutionelle Fragen | p. 83 |
Schlusswort | p. 84 |
Taxable Corporate Income - Common Structural Elements | p. 85 |
CCCTB: Der steuerpflichtige Unternehmensgewinn - gemeinsame Strukturelemente | p. 85 |
Einleitung | p. 85 |
Problemstellung | p. 85 |
Ausgangssituation | p. 87 |
Besteuerungsgrundsätze | p. 87 |
Realisationsprinzip | p. 87 |
Imparitätsprinzip | p. 88 |
Zurechnung von Wirtschaftsgütern und Leasing | p. 89 |
Einzel- oder Gruppenabschreibung? | p. 89 |
Rückstellungen | p. 90 |
Betriebsausgaben | p. 91 |
Eigene Steuerbilanz? | p. 91 |
Ergebnis und Ausblick | p. 92 |
An optional and competitive CCCTB - a comprehensive approach to reach the Lisbon objectives | p. 94 |
Aims of the CCCTB | p. 94 |
Underlying tax principles | p. 95 |
Important features of the CCCTB | p. 96 |
Conclusion | p. 100 |
Panel Statements | p. 101 |
Martina Baumgärtel | p. 101 |
Christian Comolet-Tirman | p. 104 |
Peter Essers | p. 107 |
Malcolm Gammie | p. 109 |
Consolidation, Allocation and International Aspects | p. 113 |
Evaluating the Common Consolidated Corporate Tax Base | p. 113 |
Introduction | p. 113 |
The Commission's Proposal: Formula Apportionment and Source Based Taxation | p. 114 |
Consolidation and Apportionment | p. 114 |
Investment Decisions | p. 114 |
Tax Revenue Effects | p. 116 |
Third Country-Tax Policy | p. 118 |
An Alternative to the Commission's Proposal: Separate Entity Accounting and Residence Based Taxation | p. 120 |
Separate Entity Accounting | p. 120 |
Investment Decisions | p. 121 |
Tax Revenue Effects | p. 121 |
Third Country-Tax Policy | p. 123 |
The Way to European Group Taxation | p. 123 |
Common Corporate Income Tax Policy? | p. 123 |
Single-Stage Solution or Step-by-Step Solutions? | p. 124 |
Summary | p. 127 |
Europe Slowly Lurches to a Common Consolidated Corporate Tax Base: Issues at Stake | p. 128 |
Introduction | p. 128 |
What's it all about? | p. 128 |
What are the Issues? | p. 130 |
The Tax Unit and Base | p. 130 |
Consolidation | p. 131 |
The Formula | p. 132 |
Non-Business Income | p. 134 |
Inbound and Outbound Investment | p. 135 |
Conclusions | p. 135 |
Panel Statements | p. 139 |
Mary Bennett | p. 139 |
Bruno Gibert | p. 141 |
Michael Lang | p. 144 |
Ivar Nordland | p. 148 |
Lessons of US Subnational Experience for EU CCCTB Iniative | p. 150 |
Historical lessons | p. 150 |
Political lessons | p. 151 |
Technical lessons | p. 153 |
Conclusion | p. 154 |
Administrative Aspects | p. 155 |
Administrative Aspekte einer Gemeinsamen Konsolidierten Körperschaftsteuerlichen Bemessungsgrundlage in der EU | p. 155 |
Einleitung | p. 155 |
Derzeitige Situation | p. 156 |
Angestrebte Situation | p. 156 |
Verwaltungsstrukturen und Abläufe | p. 156 |
Bestehende Verfahren | p. 157 |
Amtshilferichtlinie | p. 157 |
Beitreibungsrichtlinie | p. 158 |
Entscheidungsmechanismen | p. 158 |
Anforderungen an ein Verwaltungssystem für die GKKB | p. 159 |
Grundsätzliche Möglichkeiten für eine Verwaltungsstruktur zur GKKB | p. 159 |
Nationale Ebene | p. 159 |
Zentrale Ebene | p. 160 |
Kombination | p. 160 |
Idealtypische Verwaltungsstruktur | p. 160 |
Idealtypisches Verwaltungsverfahren | p. 161 |
Erfassung/Registrierung | p. 161 |
Steuererklärung | p. 162 |
Veranlagungsverfahren | p. 162 |
Betriebsprüfung | p. 162 |
Neufestsetzung | p. 163 |
Sicherstellung der gleichmäßigen Auslegung | p. 163 |
Ständiger Ausschuss | p. 163 |
Verfahren und Entscheidungsfindung | p. 164 |
Mechanismus zur Anpassung der Regeln | p. 164 |
Rechtsbehelfsverfahren | p. 164 |
Außergerichtliches Verfahren | p. 164 |
Gerichtliches Verfahren | p. 165 |
Fazit | p. 166 |
Administrative Aspects of the CCCTB - a Business Perpective | p. 167 |
Panel Statements | p. 173 |
María Teresa Soler Roch | p. 173 |
Miklós Kok | p. 175 |
Matthias Mors | p. 179 |
Philip Baker | p. 181 |
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