Communicating : A Social and Career Focus

by Berko, Roy M.; Wolvin, Andrew; Wolvin, Darlyn

• ISBN13: 9780618693870
• ISBN10: 0618693874
• Edition: 10th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2006-03-31
• Publisher: Houghton Mifflin College Div

Summary

The hallmark features ofCommunicating: A Social and Career Focushave made it a mainstay among introductory communication instructors: strong academic integrity, integration of diversity and culture, and a student-friendly tone. The text covers group and interpersonal communication and public speaking in a concise format. The Instructor's Resource Manual is especially valued by instructors and adjunct professors for it's accessibility, range of easy-to-implement small group exercises, and engaging content that appeals to students of diverse backgrounds. New!The online Hybrid Eduspace Course, powered by Blackboard, includes video clips of interpersonal, group, and public speaking scenarios, exercises, and self-assessments, a PowerPoint tutorial, and self-directed speech outliner tool. New!Chapter 6 includes sections on gender communication, sexual harassment and bullying, and expanded coverage of electronic and computer-mediated interpersonal communication. New!Updated marginal activities and end-of-chapter exercises are easy for instructors to administer and require little preparation. New!AMulticultural Activities Workbookprovides instructors with additional exercise ideas designed for a diverse student body. Learn By Doingexercises provide individual and group activities that require little or no preparation on the part of instructors.

Table of Contents

Preface	xii
part one FOUNDATIONS OF COMMUNICATION	1	(112)
The Human Communication Process	2	(32)
Communication Defined	4	(1)
The Components of Human Communication	5	(8)
Communicator Perceptions	7	(1)
The Source and the Message	8	(1)
The Channel	8	(1)
The Receiver and the Message	9	(1)
Feedback	9	(1)
Noise	10	(2)
Dealing with Noise	12	(1)
The Context	13	(1)
Communication as a System	13	(2)
Models of Human Communication	15	(5)
Linear Model of Communication	15	(2)
Interactional Model of Communication	17	(1)
Transactional Model of Communication	18	(1)
The Models Compared	19	(1)
The Media as Communicator	20	(1)
Communication and Culture	21	(6)
Intercultural and Intracultural Communication	21	(2)
Multiculturalism	23	(1)
Ethnocentrism	24	(3)
First Amendment Speech	27	(2)
Ethics	29	(5)
Communication Ethics	29	(1)
Ethical Communicators	30	(1)
Ethical Business Communicators	31	(3)
Foundations of Verbal Language	34	(22)
Origins of Human Language	35	(10)
Selecting Symbols	36	(1)
Processing Symbols	36	(2)
Learning Symbols	38	(2)
The Concept of Meaning	40	(2)
The Functions of Language	42	(2)
Language Distortion	44	(1)
The Languages We Use	45	(7)
Standard American English	46	(1)
Slang	47	(2)
Nonstandard English Dialects	49	(3)
Using Verbal Language	52	(4)
Nonverbal Communication	56	(28)
Sources of Nonverbal Signs	58	(3)
Neurological Programs	58	(2)
Cultural and Intercultural Behavior	60	(1)
Emotional Influences on Nonverbal Communication	61	(1)
Verbal and Nonverbal Relationships	62	(3)
Substituting Relationship	62	(1)
Complementing Relationship	63	(1)
Conflicting Relationship	63	(1)
Accenting Relationship	64	(1)
Categories of Nonverbal Communication	65	(16)
Kinesics: Body Communication	65	(7)
Physical Characteristics	72	(2)
Proxemics: Spatial Communication	74	(3)
Paravocalics: Vocal Communication	77	(1)
Chronemics: Time as Communication	78	(1)
Olfactics: Smell as Communication	79	(1)
Aesthetics: Mood and Beauty as Communication	80	(1)
Gustorics: Taste as Communication	80	(1)
Using Nonverbal Communication	81	(3)
Listening	84	(29)
The Importance of Listening	85	(1)
The Listening Process	86	(12)
Reception	86	(2)
Attention	88	(2)
Perception	90	(1)
Assignment of Meaning	91	(4)
Response	95	(2)
Listening Influencers	97	(1)
Purposes of Listening	98	(5)
Discriminative Listening	99	(1)
Comprehension Listening	99	(2)
Therapeutic Listening	101	(1)
Critical Listening	102	(1)
Appreciative Listening	103	(1)
Listening Apprehension	103	(1)
Improving Your Listening	104	(9)
part two INTRAPERSONAL COMMUNICATION	113	(24)
Intrapersonal Communication	114	(23)
Self-Talk	115	(4)
Self-Concept	117	(2)
Self-Love	119	(1)
Cognitive Processing	119	(1)
The Self	120	(1)
Understanding Yourself	121	(5)
Need Drives Affecting Communication	126	(3)
Survival	127	(1)
Pleasure Seeking	127	(1)
Security	127	(1)
Territoriality	128	(1)
Anxiety: Communication Apprehension	129	(8)
Communication Anxiety Defined	131	(1)
The Effects of Communication Anxiety	132	(1)
The Causes of Communication Apprehension	132	(1)
Help for Communication Apprehension	133	(4)
part three INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION	137	(160)
The Concepts of Interpersonal Communication	138	(40)
Basic Concepts of Interpersonal Communication	139	(3)
Self-Disclosure	142	(1)
The Self and Others	142	(2)
Seeking Approval	144	(1)
Gaining Compliance	145	(1)
Emotions	146	(1)
Power	147	(2)
Male/Masculine-Female/Feminine Communication	149	(5)
Sex and Gender	149	(2)
How Men and Women Communicate Differently	151	(3)
Gender Communication in the Workplace	154	(1)
Sexual Harassment and Bullying	154	(3)
Responding to Sexual Harassment	155	(2)
Bullying	157	(1)
Relationships and Their Development	157	(7)
Development of a Relationship	157	(2)
Continuing a Relationship	159	(1)
Positive Relationships	160	(2)
Communication in Relationship	162	(1)
Relational Conflict	163	(1)
Ending Relationships	163	(1)
Electronic and Computer-Mediated Interpersonal Communication	164	(14)
Interpersonal Uses of the Internet	165	(1)
Positive Aspects of Internet Use	165	(1)
Negative Aspects of Internet Use	166	(3)
Blogging	169	(2)
Ways to Be a Better Interpersonal On-line Communicator	171	(2)
Cell Phones	173	(5)
Interpersonal Skills	178	(36)
Participating in Conversations	179	(3)
Conversational Presentation Skills	179	(2)
Conversational Listening Skills	181	(1)
Conversational Nonverbal Skills	182	(1)
Giving Directions	182	(1)
Giving Details	182	(1)
Organizing Ideas	182	(1)
Using Understandable Terms	183	(1)
Requesting	183	(2)
Requesting Information	184	(1)
Asking Questions	184	(1)
Dealing with Interpersonal Conflict	185	(12)
Conflict Defined	186	(1)
Causes of Conflict	187	(1)
Levels of Conflict	188	(2)
Role of Personal Anger in Conflict	190	(2)
Dealing with Another Person's Anger in Conflict	192	(1)
Fair Fighting	193	(1)
Individual Approaches to Dealing with Conflict	194	(3)
Apologizing	197	(2)
Communication Approaches to Managing Conflict	199	(10)
Assertive Communication	199	(4)
Negotiation	203	(1)
The Principles of Negotiation	204	(1)
Negotiating Styles	205	(1)
Arbitration	206	(1)
Litigation	207	(1)
Mediation	207	(2)
Handling Criticism	209	(5)
The Interview	214	(31)
Interviewing Roles	215	(1)
Role of the Interviewer	215	(1)
Role of the Interviewee	215	(1)
Interview Format	216	(4)
Opening of the Interview	216	(1)
Body of the Interview	216	(2)
Sequence of Interview Questions	218	(1)
Answering Interview Questions	219	(1)
Closing the Interview	220	(1)
Types of Interviews	220	(25)
Employment Interview	220	(9)
Information-Gathering Interview	229	(2)
Problem-Solving Interview	231	(1)
Oral History Interview	231	(2)
Counseling Interview	233	(1)
Persuasive Interview	234	(2)
Appraisal Interview	236	(2)
Reprimanding Interview	238	(1)
Interrogation Interview	239	(2)
Media Interview	241	(4)
The Concepts of Groups	245	(28)
Groups Defined	246
Group Versus Individual Actions	146	(103)
Advantages of Groups	246	(1)
Disadvantages of Groups	247	(2)
Types of Groups	249	(5)
Work Teams	249	(1)
Study Groups	249	(1)
Support Groups	249	(1)
Committees	250	(2)
Focus Groups	252	(1)
The Family as a Group	252	(1)
Public Meetings	253	(1)
Town Meetings	254	(1)
Group Operations	254	(4)
Group Norming	254	(1)
Group Storming	255	(2)
Group Conforming	257	(1)
Group Performing	257	(1)
Group Adjourning	258	(1)
Making Group Decisions	258	(9)
Formulating an Agenda	258	(2)
Voting	260	(1)
Decision-Making Techniques	261	(3)
Group Setting	264	(1)
Seating Choice	264	(2)
Table Configuration	266	(1)
Effect of the Physical Environment	266	(1)
Mediated Meetings	267	(6)
Types of Mediated Meetings	267	(1)
Positive and Negative Aspects of Mediated Meetings	268	(2)
How to Make Mediated Meetings Work	270	(3)
Participating in Groups	273	(24)
Cultural Differences in Groups	274	(4)
Cultures and Groups	274	(1)
Contrasts in Cultural Group Decision Making	275	(2)
Cultural Contrast of the Role of Information for Groups	277	(1)
Male and Female Roles in Groups	278	(1)
The Group Participant	278	(10)
Responsibilities of Group Members	279	(2)
Communicating as a Group Member	281	(2)
Roles of Group Members	283	(1)
Communication Networks	284	(2)
Dealing with Difficult Group Members	286	(2)
The Group Leader and Group Leadership	288	(9)
Types of Leaders	290	(1)
Patterns of Leader/Leadership Emergence	290	(1)
Why People Desire to Be Leaders	291	(1)
Leader/Leadership: Communicative Perspective	291	(1)
Effective Leader Questioning	292	(1)
Responsibilities of Leaders	293	(4)
part four COMMUNICATING IN PUBLIC	297	(129)
Public Speaking: Planning and Presenting the Message	298	(35)
The Listenable Speech	299	(1)
Preparing a Speech: An Overview	300	(1)
Parameters of Public Speaking	300	(1)
The Ethics of Public Speaking	300	(2)
Plagiarism	301	(1)
Fabrication	302	(1)
Prior to the Speech Analysis	302	(7)
Demographics	302	(2)
Psychographics	304	(1)
Rhetorographics	304	(1)
Applying the Prior Analysis	305	(4)
Process of the Speech Analysis	309	(1)
Postspeech Analysis	310	(1)
Presenting the Message	310	(1)
Modes of Presentation	311	(10)
Impromptu or Ad Lib Mode	311	(1)
Extemporaneous Mode	312	(6)
Manuscript Mode	318	(2)
Memorized Mode	320	(1)
Oral and Physical Presentation	321	(5)
Vocal Delivery	321	(1)
Vocal Variety	321	(1)
Pronunciation	321	(1)
Physical Elements	322	(2)
Using PowerPoint	324	(2)
Public Speaking Anxiety	326	(3)
Conquering Public Speaking Anxiety	326	(3)
Rehearsing the Speech	329	(1)
Dealing with Difficulties During a Speech	330	(3)
Public Speaking: Developing the Speech	333	(25)
Sources of Information	334	(4)
Books	336	(1)
Magazines	336	(1)
Newspapers	336	(1)
Journals	337	(1)
Indexes	337	(1)
Government Pamphlets	337	(1)
Special-Interest Group Publications	337	(1)
Nonprint Media	337	(1)
Interviews	337	(1)
Computer Searches	337	(1)
Computer Based Retrieval Systems	338	(4)
Conducting a Computer Search	338	(1)
Use of the Internet	338	(2)
Selecting Sources	340	(2)
Analyzing Sources	342	(1)
Recording Your Research	343	(2)
Supporting Material	345	(4)
Stories	345	(1)
Specific Instances	346	(1)
Exposition	346	(1)
Statistics	347	(1)
Analogies	348	(1)
Testimony	348	(1)
Vehicles for Presenting Supporting Material	349	(9)
Internal Summaries	349	(1)
Forecasting	349	(1)
Signposting	349	(1)
Supplementary Aids	349	(3)
Computerized Graphics	352	(6)
Public Speaking: Structuring the Message	358	(24)
The Basic Elements of a Speech	359	(1)
The Introduction	359	(6)
Attention Material	359	(4)
Orienting Material	363	(2)
The Central Idea	365	(1)
The Body	365	(7)
Role of Culture on Speech Structure	365	(2)
Methods of Issue Arrangement	367	(5)
The Conclusion	372	(2)
Summary	372	(1)
Clincher	373	(1)
Transition into the Question-and-Answer Session	373	(1)
Methods for Formatting a Speech	374	(8)
Partitioning Method	374	(2)
Unfolding Method	376	(2)
Case Method	378	(4)
Informative Public Speaking	382	(19)
Role of Informative Speaking	383	(1)
Concept of Informative Speaking	384	(1)
Characteristics of Informative Speaking	385	(1)
Classifications of Informative Speaking	385	(10)
Speeches About Objects	385	(2)
Speeches About Processes	387	(1)
Speeches About Events	387	(1)
Speeches About Concepts	387	(1)
Informative Briefings	387	(1)
Team Briefings	388	(1)
One-On-One Briefings	388	(1)
Technical Reports	388	(1)
Professional Papers	389	(1)
Lectures	390	(2)
Question-and-Answer Sessions	392	(2)
Speeches of Introduction	394	(1)
Developing the Informative Speech	395	(2)
The Informative Process in Action	397	(4)
Persuasive Public Speaking	401	(25)
Persuasive Speaking	402	(1)
Process of Persuasion	402	(2)
Persuasive Strategies	404	(1)
Role of Influence in Persuasion	405	(1)
Components of Persuasive Message	406	(14)
Speaker Credibility	407	(2)
Logical Arguments	409	(4)
Organizing the Persuasive Speech	413	(3)
Psychological Appeals	416	(4)
The Structure of the Persuasive Message	420	(1)
The Persuasive Process in Action	421	(5)
Appendix: The Resume	426	(5)
Finding a Job	426	(1)
20 Seconds Is All You Get!	426	(1)
The Importance of Premium Paper	427	(1)
Accomplishment Statements: Selling the Sizzle!	427	(1)
The Dos and Don'ts of Resume Preparation	427	(1)
Action Verbs Make a Difference	428	(1)
Electronic Screening of Resumes	428	(1)
Skills-Based Functional Resume Format	429	(1)
Chronological Resume: Action Verbs Make a Difference	430	(1)
Notes	431	(16)
Glossary	447	(12)
Photo Credits	459	(1)
Index	460	(4)
Basic Rules for APA Style	464