Preface | p. xii |
Foundations of Communication | p. 1 |
The Human Communication Process | p. 2 |
Communication Defined | p. 4 |
The Components of Human Communication | p. 5 |
Communicator Perceptions | p. 7 |
The Source and the Message | p. 8 |
The Channel | p. 8 |
The Receiver and the Message | p. 9 |
Feedback | p. 9 |
Noise | p. 10 |
Dealing with Noise | p. 12 |
The Context | p. 13 |
Communication as a System | p. 13 |
Models of Human Communication | p. 15 |
Linear Model of Communication | p. 15 |
Interactional Model of Communication | p. 17 |
Transactional Model of Communication | p. 18 |
The Models Compared | p. 19 |
The Media as Communicator | p. 20 |
Communication and Culture | p. 21 |
Intercultural and Intracultural Communication | p. 21 |
Multiculturalism | p. 23 |
Ethnocentrism | p. 24 |
First Amendment Speech | p. 27 |
Ethics | p. 29 |
Communication Ethics | p. 29 |
Ethical Communicators | p. 30 |
Ethical Business Communicators | p. 31 |
Foundations of Verbal Language | p. 34 |
Origins of Human Language | p. 35 |
Selecting Symbols | p. 36 |
Processing Symbols | p. 36 |
Learning Symbols | p. 38 |
The Concept of Meaning | p. 40 |
The Functions of Language | p. 42 |
Language Distortion | p. 44 |
The Languages We Use | p. 45 |
Standard American English | p. 46 |
Slang | p. 47 |
Nonstandard English Dialects | p. 49 |
Using Verbal Language | p. 52 |
Nonverbal Communication | p. 56 |
Sources of Nonverbal Signs | p. 58 |
Neurological Programs | p. 58 |
Cultural and Intercultural Behavior | p. 60 |
Emotional Influences on Nonverbal Communication | p. 61 |
Verbal and Nonverbal Relationships | p. 62 |
Substituting Relationship | p. 62 |
Complementing Relationship | p. 63 |
Conflicting Relationship | p. 63 |
Accenting Relationship | p. 64 |
Categories of Nonverbal Communication | p. 65 |
Kinesics: Body Communication | p. 65 |
Physical Characteristics | p. 72 |
Proxemics: Spatial Communication | p. 74 |
Paravocalics: Vocal Communication | p. 77 |
Chronemics: Time as Communication | p. 78 |
Olfactics: Smell as Communication | p. 79 |
Aesthetics: Mood and Beauty as Communication | p. 80 |
Gustorics: Taste as Communication | p. 80 |
Using Nonverbal Communication | p. 81 |
Listening | p. 84 |
The Importance of Listening | p. 85 |
The Listening Process | p. 86 |
Reception | p. 86 |
Attention | p. 88 |
Perception | p. 90 |
Assignment of Meaning | p. 91 |
Response | p. 95 |
Listening Influencers | p. 97 |
Purposes of Listening | p. 98 |
Discriminative Listening | p. 99 |
Comprehension Listening | p. 99 |
Therapeutic Listening | p. 101 |
Critical Listening | p. 102 |
Appreciative Listening | p. 103 |
Listening Apprehension | p. 103 |
Improving Your Listening | p. 104 |
Intrapersonal Communication | p. 113 |
Intrapersonal Communication | p. 114 |
Self-Talk | p. 115 |
Self-Concept | p. 117 |
Self-Love | p. 119 |
Cognitive Processing | p. 119 |
The Self | p. 120 |
Understanding Yourself | p. 121 |
Need Drives Affecting Communication | p. 126 |
Survival | p. 127 |
Pleasure Seeking | p. 127 |
Security | p. 127 |
Territoriality | p. 128 |
Anxiety: Communication Apprehension | p. 129 |
Communication Anxiety Defined | p. 131 |
The Effects of Communication Anxiety | p. 132 |
The Causes of Communication Apprehension | p. 132 |
Help for Communication Apprehension | p. 133 |
Interpersonal Communication | p. 137 |
The Concepts of Interpersonal Communication | p. 138 |
Basic Concepts of Interpersonal Communication | p. 139 |
Self-Disclosure | p. 142 |
The Self and Others | p. 142 |
Seeking Approval | p. 144 |
Gaining Compliance | p. 145 |
Emotions | p. 146 |
Power | p. 147 |
Male/Masculine-Female/Feminine Communication | p. 149 |
Sex and Gender | p. 149 |
How Men and Women Communicate Differently | p. 151 |
Gender Communication in the Workplace | p. 154 |
Sexual Harassment and Bullying | p. 154 |
Responding to Sexual Harassment | p. 155 |
Bullying | p. 157 |
Relationships and Their Development | p. 157 |
Development of a Relationship | p. 157 |
Continuing a Relationship | p. 159 |
Positive Relationships | p. 160 |
Communication in Relationships | p. 162 |
Relational Conflict | p. 163 |
Ending Relationships | p. 163 |
Electronic and Computer-Mediated Interpersonal Communication | p. 164 |
Interpersonal Uses of the Internet | p. 165 |
Positive Aspects of Internet Use | p. 165 |
Negative Aspects of Internet Use | p. 166 |
Blogging | p. 169 |
Ways to Be a Better Interpersonal On-line Communicator | p. 171 |
Cell Phones | p. 173 |
Interpersonal Skills | p. 178 |
Participating in Conversations | p. 179 |
Conversational Presentation Skills | p. 179 |
Conversational Listening Skills | p. 181 |
Conversational Nonverbal Skills | p. 182 |
Giving Directions | p. 182 |
Giving Details | p. 182 |
Organizing Ideas | p. 182 |
Using Understandable Terms | p. 183 |
Requesting | p. 183 |
Requesting Information | p. 184 |
Asking Questions | p. 184 |
Dealing with Interpersonal Conflict | p. 185 |
Conflict Defined | p. 186 |
Causes of Conflict | p. 187 |
Levels of Conflict | p. 188 |
Role of Personal Anger in Conflict | p. 190 |
Dealing with Another Person's Anger in Conflict | p. 192 |
Fair Fighting | p. 193 |
Individual Approaches to Dealing with Conflict | p. 194 |
Apologizing | p. 197 |
Communication Approaches to Managing Conflict | p. 199 |
Assertive Communication | p. 199 |
Negotiation | p. 203 |
The Principles of Negotiation | p. 204 |
Negotiating Styles | p. 205 |
Arbitration | p. 206 |
Litigation | p. 207 |
Mediation | p. 207 |
Handling Criticism | p. 209 |
The Interview | p. 214 |
Interviewing Roles | p. 215 |
Role of the Interviewer | p. 215 |
Role of the Interviewee | p. 215 |
Interview Format | p. 216 |
Opening of the Interview | p. 216 |
Body of the Interview | p. 216 |
Sequence of Interview Questions | p. 218 |
Answering Interview Questions | p. 219 |
Closing the Interview | p. 220 |
Types of Interviews | p. 220 |
Employment Interview | p. 220 |
Information-Gathering Interview | p. 229 |
Problem-Solving Interview | p. 231 |
Oral History Interview | p. 231 |
Counseling Interview | p. 233 |
Persuasive Interview | p. 234 |
Appraisal Interview | p. 236 |
Reprimanding Interview | p. 238 |
Interrogation Interview | p. 239 |
Media Interview | p. 241 |
The Concepts of Groups | p. 245 |
Groups Defined | p. 246 |
Group Versus Individual Actions | p. 146 |
Advantages of Groups | p. 246 |
Disadvantages of Groups | p. 247 |
Types of Groups | p. 249 |
Work Teams | p. 249 |
Study Groups | p. 249 |
Support Groups | p. 249 |
Committees | p. 250 |
Focus Groups | p. 252 |
The Family as a Group | p. 252 |
Public Meetings | p. 253 |
Town Meetings | p. 254 |
Group Operations | p. 254 |
Group Norming | p. 254 |
Group Storming | p. 255 |
Group Conforming | p. 257 |
Group Performing | p. 257 |
Group Adjourning | p. 258 |
Making Group Decisions | p. 258 |
Formulating an Agenda | p. 258 |
Voting | p. 260 |
Decision-Making Techniques | p. 261 |
Group Setting | p. 264 |
Seating Choice | p. 264 |
Table Configuration | p. 266 |
Effect of the Physical Environment | p. 266 |
Mediated Meetings | p. 267 |
Types of Mediated Meetings | p. 267 |
Positive and Negative Aspects of Mediated Meetings | p. 268 |
How to Make Mediated Meetings Work | p. 270 |
Participating in Groups | p. 273 |
Cultural Differences in Groups | p. 274 |
Cultures and Groups | p. 274 |
Contrasts in Cultural Group Decision Making | p. 275 |
Cultural Contrast of the Role of Information for Groups | p. 277 |
Male and Female Roles in Groups | p. 278 |
The Group Participant | p. 278 |
Responsibilities of Group Members | p. 279 |
Communicating as a Group Member | p. 281 |
Roles of Group Members | p. 283 |
Communication Networks | p. 284 |
Dealing with Difficult Group Members | p. 286 |
The Group Leader and Group Leadership | p. 288 |
Types of Leaders | p. 290 |
Patterns of Leader/Leadership Emergence | p. 290 |
Why People Desire to Be Leaders | p. 291 |
Leader/Leadership: Communicative Perspective | p. 291 |
Effective Leader Questioning | p. 292 |
Responsibilities of Leaders | p. 293 |
Communicating in Public | p. 297 |
Public Speaking: Planning and Presenting the Message | p. 298 |
The Listenable Speech | p. 299 |
Preparing a Speech: An Overview | p. 300 |
Parameters of Public Speaking | p. 300 |
The Ethics of Public Speaking | p. 300 |
Plagiarism | p. 301 |
Fabrication | p. 302 |
Prior to the Speech Analysis | p. 302 |
Demographics | p. 302 |
Psychographics | p. 304 |
Rhetorographics | p. 304 |
Applying the Prior Analysis | p. 305 |
Process of the Speech Analysis | p. 309 |
Postspeech Analysis | p. 310 |
Presenting the Message | p. 310 |
Modes of Presentation | p. 311 |
Impromptu or Ad Lib Mode | p. 311 |
Extemporaneous Mode | p. 312 |
Manuscript Mode | p. 318 |
Memorized Mode | p. 320 |
Oral and Physical Presentation | p. 321 |
Vocal Delivery | p. 321 |
Vocal Variety | p. 321 |
Pronunciation | p. 321 |
Physical Elements | p. 322 |
Using PowerPoint | p. 324 |
Public Speaking Anxiety | p. 326 |
Conquering Public Speaking Anxiety | p. 326 |
Rehearsing the Speech | p. 329 |
Dealing with Difficulties During a Speech | p. 330 |
Public Speaking: Developing the Speech | p. 333 |
Sources of Information | p. 334 |
Books | p. 336 |
Magazines | p. 336 |
Newspapers | p. 336 |
Journals | p. 337 |
Indexes | p. 337 |
Government Pamphlets | p. 337 |
Special-Interest Group Publications | p. 337 |
Nonprint Media | p. 337 |
Interviews | p. 337 |
Computer Searches | p. 337 |
Computer-Based Retrieval Systems | p. 338 |
Conducting a Computer Search | p. 338 |
Use of the Internet | p. 338 |
Selecting Sources | p. 340 |
Analyzing Sources | p. 342 |
Recording Your Research | p. 343 |
Supporting Material | p. 345 |
Stories | p. 345 |
Specific Instances | p. 346 |
Exposition | p. 346 |
Statistics | p. 347 |
Analogies | p. 348 |
Testimony | p. 348 |
Vehicles for Presenting Supporting Material | p. 349 |
Internal Summaries | p. 349 |
Forecasting | p. 349 |
Signposting | p. 349 |
Supplementary Aids | p. 349 |
Computerized Graphics | p. 352 |
Public Speaking: Structuring the Message | p. 358 |
The Basic Elements of a Speech | p. 359 |
The Introduction | p. 359 |
Attention Material | p. 359 |
Orienting Material | p. 363 |
The Central Idea | p. 365 |
The Body | p. 365 |
Role of Culture on Speech Structure | p. 365 |
Methods of Issue Arrangement | p. 367 |
The Conclusion | p. 372 |
Summary | p. 372 |
Clincher | p. 373 |
Transition into the Question-and-Answer Session | p. 373 |
Methods for Formatting a Speech | p. 374 |
Partitioning Method | p. 374 |
Unfolding Method | p. 376 |
Case Method | p. 378 |
Informative Public Speaking | p. 382 |
Role of Informative Speaking | p. 383 |
Concept of Informative Speaking | p. 384 |
Characteristics of Informative Speaking | p. 385 |
Classifications of Informative Speaking | p. 385 |
Speeches About Objects | p. 385 |
Speeches About Processes | p. 387 |
Speeches About Events | p. 387 |
Speeches About Concepts | p. 387 |
Informative Briefings | p. 387 |
Team Briefings | p. 388 |
One-On-One Briefings | p. 388 |
Technical Reports | p. 388 |
Professional Papers | p. 389 |
Lectures | p. 390 |
Question-and-Answer Sessions | p. 392 |
Speeches of Introduction | p. 394 |
Developing the Informative Speech | p. 395 |
The Informative Process in Action | p. 397 |
Persuasive Public Speaking | p. 401 |
Persuasive Speaking | p. 402 |
Process of Persuasion | p. 402 |
Persuasive Strategies | p. 404 |
Role of Influence in Persuasion | p. 405 |
Components of Persuasive Message | p. 406 |
Speaker Credibility | p. 407 |
Logical Arguments | p. 409 |
Organizing the Persuasive Speech | p. 413 |
Psychological Appeals | p. 416 |
The Structure of the Persuasive Message | p. 420 |
The Persuasive Process in Action | p. 421 |
The Resume | p. 426 |
Finding a Job | p. 426 |
20 Seconds Is All You Get! | p. 426 |
The Importance of Premium Paper | p. 427 |
Accomplishment Statements: Selling the Sizzle! | p. 427 |
The Dos and Don'ts of Resume Preparation | p. 427 |
Action Verbs Make a Difference | p. 428 |
Electronic Screening of Resumes | p. 428 |
Skills-Based Functional Resume Format | p. 429 |
Chronological Resume: Action Verbs Make a Difference | p. 430 |
Notes | p. 431 |
Glossary | p. 447 |
Photo Credits | p. 459 |
Index | p. 460 |
Basic Rules for APA Style | p. 464 |
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