Communication Between Cultures (with InfoTrac)

by Samovar, Larry A.; Porter, Richard E.

• ISBN13: 9780534569297
• ISBN10: 0534569293
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2003-08-01
• Publisher: Wadsworth Publishing

Summary

Part I: COMMUNICATION AND CULTURE. 1. The Challenge of Intercultural Communication: Interaction in a Diverse World. 2. Understanding Culture: Alternative Views of Reality. 3. The Deep Structure: Roots of Reality. Part II: EXCHANGING INTERCULTURAL MESSAGES. 4. Language and Culture: Words and Meanings. 5. Nonverbal Communication: The Messages of Action, Space, Time, and Silence. Part III: THE ROLE OF CONTEXT IN INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION. 6. Cultural Influences on Context: The Business Setting. 7. Cultural Influences on Context: The Educational Setting. 8. Cultural Influences on Context: The Health Care Setting. Part IV: KNOWLEDGE IN ACTION. 9. Intercultural Challenges: Recognizing and Dealing with Differences. 10. Becoming Competent: A Point of View. Notes. Index.

Table of Contents

Preface	viii
Part 1 Communication and Culture	1	(136)
The Challenge of Intercultural Communication: Interaction in a Diverse World	2	(26)
The Challenge of Intercultural Communication	2	(2)
Intercultural Contact	4	(11)
International Interaction	5	(4)
Domestic Interaction	9	(6)
Definition of Intercultural Communication	15	(1)
Essentials of Human Communication	15	(8)
Communication Defined	15	(1)
Principles of Communication	15	(8)
Studying Intercultural Communication	23	(2)
Individual Uniqueness	24	(1)
Objectivity	24	(1)
Preview of the Book	25	(1)
Summary	26	(1)
InfoTrac College Edition Exercises	26	(1)
Activities	27	(1)
Discussion Ideas	27	(1)
Understanding Culture: Alternative Views of Reality	28	(53)
Understanding Culture	28	(17)
The Basic Functions of Culture	30	(1)
The Elements of Culture	31	(1)
Definitions of Culture	32	(1)
Characteristics of Culture	33	(12)
Perception	45	(3)
Defining Perception	45	(1)
Perception and Culture	46	(2)
Beliefs	48	(1)
Values	48	(2)
Studying Cultural Patterns	50	(3)
Obstacles in Studying Cultural Patterns	50	(2)
Selecting Cultural Patterns	52	(1)
Dominant American Cultural Patterns	53	(5)
Individualism	54	(1)
Equality	55	(1)
Materialism	56	(1)
Science and Technology	56	(1)
Progress and Change	56	(1)
Work and Leisure	57	(1)
Competition	58	(1)
Diverse Cultural Patterns	58	(20)
Hofstede's Value Dimensions	59	(9)
Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck's Value Orientations	68	(8)
Hall's High-Context and Low-Context Orientation	76	(2)
Summary	78	(1)
InfoTrac College Edition Exercises	79	(1)
Activities	80	(1)
Discussion Ideas	80	(1)
The Deep Structure of Our Culture: Roots of Reality	81	(56)
The Deep Structure of Culture	82	(3)
Deep Structure Institutions Carry a Culture's Most Important Beliefs	83	(1)
Deep Structure Institutions and Their Messages Endure	83	(1)
Deep Structure Institutions and Their Messages Are Deeply Felt	83	(1)
Deep Structure Institutions Supply Much of Our Identity	84	(1)
World View	85	(2)
Religion as a World View	87	(5)
Importance of Religion	87	(1)
Selecting Religious Traditions for Study	88	(1)
Religious Similarities	89	(3)
Six Religious Traditions	92	(21)
Christianity	92	(3)
Judaism	95	(3)
Islam	98	(6)
Hinduism	104	(2)
Buddhism	106	(4)
Confucianism	110	(3)
Family	113	(10)
The Importance of Family	113	(1)
The Functions of Family	114	(1)
Types of Families	115	(1)
Communication, Culture, and Family	115	(8)
History	123	(12)
United States History	124	(2)
African American History	126	(2)
Russian History	128	(1)
Chinese History	129	(2)
Japanese History	131	(2)
Mexican History	133	(2)
Summary	135	(1)
InfoTrac College Edition Exercises	135	(1)
Activities	136	(1)
Discussion Ideas	136	(1)
Part 2 Exchanging Intercultural Messages	137	(64)
Language and Culture: Words and Meaning	138	(28)
Language and Intercultural Communication	138	(3)
The Importance of Language	138	(1)
The Functions of Language	139	(1)
Conversation	140	(1)
Language and Culture	141	(11)
Verbal Processes	142	(1)
Patterns of Thought	143	(1)
Contextualization	144	(1)
Culture and Meaning	145	(1)
Culture and the Use of Language	146	(2)
Social Customs and Relationships	148	(1)
Expression of Emotion	149	(1)
The Value of ``Talk''	150	(2)
Language Diversity in the United States	152	(5)
Co-Cultures and Language Use	153	(4)
Alternative Languages	157	(3)
Types of Alternative Languages	158	(1)
Functions of Alternative Languages	158	(2)
Foreign Language and Translation	160	(4)
Problems of Translation and Equivalence	161	(3)
Summary	164	(1)
InfoTrac College Edition Exercises	165	(1)
Activities	165	(1)
Discussion Ideas	165	(1)
Nonverbal Communication: The Messages of Action, Space, Time, and Silence	166	(35)
The Importance of Nonverbal Communication	167	(2)
Judging Internal States	168	(1)
Creating Impressions	168	(1)
Managing Interaction	168	(1)
Defining Nonverbal Communication	169	(1)
Functions of Nonverbal Communication	170	(1)
Repeating	170	(1)
Complementing	170	(1)
Substituting	170	(1)
Regulating	171	(1)
Contradicting	171	(1)
Studying Nonverbal Communication: Guidelines and Limitations	171	(1)
Nonverbal Communication Is Often Ambiguous	171	(1)
We Are More Than Our Culture	172	(1)
Nonverbal Communication Seldom Operates in Isolation	172	(1)
Nonverbal Communication and Culture	172	(1)
Classifications of Nonverbal Communication	173	(26)
Body Behavior	173	(4)
Body Movement: Kinesics	177	(12)
Space and Distance	189	(3)
Time	192	(5)
Silence	197	(2)
Summary	199	(1)
InfoTrac College Edition Exercises	200	(1)
Activities	200	(1)
Discussion Ideas	200	(1)
Part 3 The Role of Context in Intercultural Communication	201	(78)
Cultural Influences on Context: The Business Setting	202	(30)
Culture and Context	202	(1)
Communication and Context	203	(1)
Communication Is Rule Governed	203	(1)
Context Specifies Communication Rules	204	(1)
Communication Rules Are Culturally Diverse	204	(1)
Assessing the Context	204	(5)
Informality and Formality	204	(2)
Formality	206	(1)
Assertiveness and Interpersonal Harmony	207	(2)
Intercultural Communication and the Business Context	209	(2)
The Multinational Business Context	211	(14)
Cultural Views Toward Management	211	(4)
International Business Practices	215	(10)
The Domestic Business Context	225	(5)
Diversity in Advertising	226	(1)
Cultural Conflicts in the Workforce	227	(2)
Gender and Sexual Harassment and Discrimination	229	(1)
Summary	230	(1)
InfoTrac College Edition Exercises	230	(1)
Activities	231	(1)
Discussion Ideas	231	(1)
Cultural Influences on Context: The Educational Setting	232	(24)
Globalism, Multiculturalism, and Education	232	(1)
Education in a Cuturally Diverse Society	233	(2)
Cultural Differences in Education	235	(4)
What Cultures Teach	235	(2)
How Cultures Teach	237	(2)
Multicultural Education in the United States	239	(11)
Goals of Multicultural Education	240	(2)
Approaches to Multicultural Education	242	(8)
Improving Communication in the Multicultural Classroom	250	(4)
Multicultural Teaching Perspective	250	(2)
Multicultural Teaching Competencies	252	(2)
Summary	254	(1)
InfoTrac College Edition Exercises	255	(1)
Activities	255	(1)
Discussion Ideas	255	(1)
Cultural Influences on Context: The Health Care Setting	256	(23)
Culture, Health Care, and Communication	256	(2)
Worldview and Health Care	258	(2)
Dualistic and Holistic World Views	258	(1)
Mechanistic and Nonmechanistic World Views	259	(1)
Health Care Belief Systems	260	(1)
Biomedical System	260	(1)
Personalistic System	260	(1)
Naturalistic System	260	(1)
Cultural Diversity in the Causes of Illness	261	(1)
Cultural Diversity in the Treatment of Illness	262	(2)
Biomedical Treatments	262	(1)
Personalistic Treatments	262	(1)
Naturalistic Treatments	263	(1)
Cultural Diversity in the Prevention of Illness	264	(2)
Religion, Spirituality, and Health Care	266	(1)
Health Care for a Diverse Population	267	(9)
Family Roles	268	(3)
Self-Disclosure	271	(1)
Language Barriers	272	(1)
Nonverbal Messages	273	(1)
Formality	274	(2)
Improving Multicultural Health Care	276	(2)
Recognizing Diverse Medical Systems	276	(1)
Recognizing Ethnocentrism	277	(1)
Summary	278	(1)
InfoTrac College Edition Exercises	278	(1)
Activities	278	(1)
Discussion Ideas	278	(1)
Part 4 Knowledge into Action	279	(60)
Intercultural Challenges: Recognizing and Dealing with Difference	280	(21)
A Philosophy of Change	281	(2)
The Brain Is an Open System	281	(2)
We Have Free Choice	283	(1)
Communication Has a Consequence	283	(1)
Potential Problems in Intercultural Communication	283	(17)
Seeking Similarities	284	(1)
Uncertainty Reduction	285	(1)
Withdrawal	285	(1)
Stereotyping	286	(2)
Prejudice	288	(3)
Racism	291	(1)
Power	292	(2)
Culture Shock	294	(3)
Ethnocentrism	297	(3)
Summary	300	(1)
InfoTrac College Edition Exercises	300	(1)
Discussion Ideas	300	(1)
Becoming Competent: A Point of View	301	(38)
Becoming Competent	301	(4)
Defining Intercultural Competence	302	(1)
Basic Components of Communication Competence	303	(1)
Approaches to the Study of Intercultural Competence	304	(1)
Improving Intercultural Communication	305	(22)
Know Yourself	306	(2)
Consider the Physical and Human Settings	308	(3)
Seek to Understand Diverse Message Systems	311	(4)
Develop Empathy	315	(3)
Be Aware of Cultural Differences in Listening	318	(1)
Encourage Feedback	319	(2)
Develop Communication Flexibility	321	(1)
Learn to Tolerate Ambiguity	321	(1)
Learn to Manage Conflict	322	(3)
Learn About Cultural Adaptation	325	(2)
Ethical Considerations	327	(3)
A Definition of Ethics	328	(1)
Relativism	328	(1)
Universalism	329	(1)
Guidelines for an Intercultural Ethic	330	(1)
Be Mindful That Communication Produces a Response	330	(4)
Respect the Worth of the Individual	330	(2)
Seek Commonalties Among People and Cultures	332	(1)
Recognize the Validity of Differences	333	(1)
Take Individual Responsibility for Your Actions	333	(1)
The Future of Intercultural Communication	334	(3)
Future Contacts	334	(1)
Cultural Diversity	334	(1)
International Problems	335	(1)
Global Culture	336	(1)
Ethnic and Cultural Identity	336	(1)
Summary	337	(1)
InfoTrac College Edition Exercises	338	(1)
Activities	338	(1)
Discussion Ideas	338	(1)
Notes	339	(26)
Index	365