Communication Mosaics : An Introduction to the Field of Communication

by Wood,Julia T.

• ISBN13: 9780534646868
• ISBN10: 0534646867
• Edition: 4th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2005-02-03
• Publisher: Wadsworth Publishing

Summary

Part I: COMMUNICATION FOUNDATIONS AND CAREERS. Introduction to Communication Mosaics. 1. A First Look at Communication. 2. The Field of Communication in Historical and Contemporary Perspective. Part II: COMMUNICATION PROCESSES AND SKILLS. 3. Perceiving and Understanding. 4. Engaging in Verbal Communication. 5. Engaging in Nonverbal Communication. 6. Listening and Responding to Others. 7. Creating Communication Climates. 8. Adapting Communication to Cultures and Social Communities. Part III: CONTEXTS OF COMMUNICATION. 9. Communication and Self Concept. 10. Communication in Personal Relationships. 11. Communication in Groups and Teams. 12. Communication in Organizations. 13. Public Communication. 14. Mass Communication. 15. Communication Technologies. Closing. Appendix: Communication in Interviews. Glossary.

Table of Contents

Preface	xxi
Part I: Communication Careers and Foundations
A First Look at Communication	2	(20)
Introduction to the Author	4	(1)
Introduction to Communication Mosaics	5	(1)
The Values of Studying Communication	6	(6)
Personal Life	7	(1)
FYI Ghadya Ka Bacha	8	(1)
Personal Relationships	8	(1)
FYI Communication and Marriage	9	(1)
Professional Life	9	(2)
Civic Life	11	(1)
FYI U.S. Demographics in the Twenty-First Century	12	(1)
Defining Communication	12	(1)
Features of Communication	12	(5)
SYS Noticing Levels of Meaning in Communication	14	(1)
Models of Communication	14	(1)
Linear Models	14	(1)
Interactive Models	14	(1)
Transactional Models	15	(2)
Careers in Communication	17	(2)
Research	17	(1)
Education	17	(1)
Mass Communication: Journalism, Broadcasting, Public Relations, and Advertising	18	(1)
Training and Consulting	19	(1)
Human Relations and Management	19	(1)
FYI Careers in Communication	19	(1)
Summary	19	(1)
Communication Mosaics Online	20	(2)
Key Concepts	20	(1)
For Further Reflection and Discussion	20	(1)
Recommended Resources	20	(1)
Experience Communication Case Study: The New Employee	20	(2)
The Field of Communication in Historical and Contemporary Perspective	22	(22)
The History of the Communication Field	23	(5)
Classical Roots: Rhetoric and Democratic Life	23	(1)
Liberal Education	24	(1)
FYI Wisdom from Ancient Teachers	25	(1)
Broadening the Field	25	(1)
Communication, Power, and Empowerment	26	(2)
Conducting Research in Communication	28	(2)
Quantitative Research	28	(1)
Qualitative Research	29	(1)
Critical Research	29	(1)
The Breadth of the Communication Field	30	(8)
Intrapersonal Communication	31	(1)
SYS Analyze Your Self-Talk	31	(1)
Interpersonal Communication	32	(1)
Performance Studies	32	(1)
Group and Team Communication	32	(1)
Public Communication	33	(1)
Organizational Communication	34	(1)
Mass Communication	35	(1)
Technologies of Communication	35	(1)
SYS Your Mediated World	36	(1)
Intercultural Communication	36	(1)
FYI Learning about Intercultural Communication	36	(1)
Ethics and Communication	37	(1)
Blurring the Lines	38	(1)
Unifying Themes and Processes in the Communication Field	38	(2)
Unifying Themes	38	(2)
Summary	40	(1)
Communication Mosaics Online	40	(4)
Key Concepts	41	(1)
For Further Reflection and Discussion	41	(1)
Recommended Resources	41	(1)
Experience Communication Case Study: Communication Ethics	41	(3)
Part II: Communication Processes and Skills
Perceiving and Understanding	44	(22)
The Perception Process	45	(7)
Selection	45	(1)
Organization	46	(3)
The Census Bureau's Dilemma	49	(1)
Sizing Up Others	50	(1)
Interpretation	50	(2)
FYI It's Never Our Fault!	52	(1)
Influence on Perception	52	(6)
Physiological Factors	53	(1)
Expectations	53	(2)
SYS Visualizing Positive Communication	55	(1)
Cognitive Abilities	55	(3)
Social Roles	58	(1)
Membership in Cultures and Social Communities	58	(1)
Guidelines for Improving Skill in Perceiving	58	(5)
SYS Noticing Individualism	59	(1)
Avoid Mind Reading	59	(1)
Check Perceptions with Others	59	(1)
Perception Checking	60	(1)
Distinguish Facts from Inferences and Judgments	60	(1)
SYS Distinguishing Facts from Inferences and Judgments	61	(1)
Monitor the Self-Serving Bias	62	(1)
Using Tentative Language	62	(1)
Attribution Patterns and Relationship Satisfaction	62	(1)
Summary	63	(1)
Communication Mosaics Online	63	(3)
Key Concepts	64	(1)
For Further Reflection and Discussion	64	(1)
Recommended Resources	64	(1)
Experience Communication Case Study: College Success	64	(2)
Engaging in Verbal Communication	66	(24)
Language and Meaning	67	(9)
Language Creates Reality	67	(1)
Features of Language	67	(4)
The Languages of Race and Ethnicity	71	(1)
Communicating Clearly	72	(1)
Principles of Communication	72	(1)
Communication Rules	73	(3)
Symbolic Abilities	76	(8)
Language Defines Phenomena	76	(1)
Punctuating Interaction	77	(1)
Language Evaluates Phenomena	78	(1)
Language Organizes Experiences	79	(1)
Language Allows Hypothetical Thought	80	(1)
Language Allows Self-Reflection	81	(1)
Language Defines Relationships and Interaction	82	(2)
Guidelines for Effective Verbal Communication	84	(3)
Engage in Person-Centered Communication	84	(1)
Be Conscious of Levels of Abstraction	84	(1)
Qualify Language	85	(1)
Own Your Feelings and Thoughts	85	(2)
Summary	87	(1)
Communication Mosaics Online	87	(3)
Key Concepts	87	(1)
For Further Reflection and Discussion	88	(1)
Recommended Resources	88	(1)
Experience Communication Case Study: The Roommates	88	(2)
Engaging in Nonverbal Communication	90	(22)
Principles of Nonverbal Communication	92	(4)
Nonverbal Communication Is Ambiguous	92	(1)
Nonverbal Behaviors Interact with Verbal Communication	93	(1)
Nonverbal Communication Regulates Interaction	93	(1)
Nonverbal Communication Establishes Relationship-Level Meanings	93	(2)
SYS Noticing Spatial Clues to Power Relations	95	(1)
Nonverbal Communication Reflects Cultural Values	95	(1)
Types of Nonverbal Behaviors	96	(10)
Kinesics	97	(1)
Haptics	98	(1)
Physical Appearance	98	(1)
Artifacts	99	(1)
FYI Cultural Rules for Gift Giving	100	(1)
Proxemics and Personal Space	101	(1)
SYS Increasing Awareness of Environmental Influences	102	(1)
Environmental Factors	102	(1)
FYI Feng Shui	103	(1)
Chronemics	103	(1)
Paralanguage	104	(1)
Silence	105	(1)
Guidelines for Effective Nonverbal Communication	106	(2)
Monitor Your Nonverbal Communication	106	(1)
Interpret Others' Nonverbal Communication Tentatively	106	(2)
Summary	108	(1)
Communication Mosaics Online	108	(4)
Key Concepts	108	(1)
For Further Reflection and Discussion	108	(1)
Recommended Resources	109	(1)
Experience Communication Case Study: Teamwork	109	(3)
Listening and Responding to Others	112	(22)
FYI Who Listens?	114	(1)
The Listening Process	114	(5)
Being Mindful	114	(1)
Developing Mindfulness	115	(1)
Physically Receiving Communication	115	(1)
Selecting and Organizing Communication	116	(1)
Interpreting Communication	117	(1)
Responding	117	(1)
Remembering	118	(1)
The Power of Responsive Listening	118	(1)
Obstacles to Effective Listening	119	(5)
Situational Obstacles	119	(1)
Internal Obstacles	120	(2)
Forms of Ineffective Listening	122	(2)
Guidelines for Effective Listening	124	(6)
Develop Skills for Informational and Critical Listening	124	(2)
Improving Recall	126	(1)
Develop Skills for Relationship Listening	127	(2)
Practicing Paraphrasing	129	(1)
Develop Skills for Other Listening Goals	130	(1)
Summary	130	(1)
Communication Mosaics Online	131	(3)
Key Concepts	131	(1)
For Further Reflection and Discussion	131	(1)
Recommended Resources	132	(1)
Experience Communication Case Study: Family Hour	132	(2)
Creating Communication Climates	134	(22)
Levels of Confirmation and Disconfirmation	135	(3)
Recognition	136	(1)
Acknowledgment	136	(1)
Endorsement	137	(1)
Confirmation and Disconfirmation in Online Communication	137	(1)
Defensive and Supportive Climates	138	(4)
Evaluation versus Description	138	(1)
Certainty versus Provisionalism	139	(1)
Using Descriptive Language	139	(1)
Strategy versus Spontaneity	140	(1)
Control versus Problem Orientation	140	(1)
Neutrality versus Empathy	141	(1)
Superiority versus Equality	142	(1)
SYS Assessing Communication Climates	142	(1)
Conflict and Communication	142	(5)
FYI Crisis and Opportunity	143	(1)
Conflict Can Be Overt or Covert	143	(1)
Conflict Can Be Managed Well or Poorly	143	(4)
Guidelines for Creating and Sustaining Healthy Communication Climates	147	(5)
Communicate in Ways That Confirm Others	147	(1)
Communicate in Ways That Confirm Yourself	148	(1)
Respect Diversity among People	149	(1)
FYI Guidelines for Communicating with People with Disabilities	150	(1)
Time Conflict Effectively	151	(1)
Show Grace When Appropriate	151	(1)
Summary	152	(1)
Communication Mosaics Online	153	(3)
Key Concepts	153	(1)
For Further Reflection and Discussion	153	(1)
Recommended Resources	154	(1)
Experience Communication Case Study: Cloudy Climate	154	(2)
Adapting Communication to Cultures and Social Communities	156	(48)
Communication Occurs in Cultural Systems	157	(2)
All Parts of a System Are Interrelated	157	(1)
Systems Are Organized Wholes	158	(1)
Systems Are More Than the Sums of Their Parts	158	(1)
Systems Strive for but Cannot Sustain Equilibrium	159	(1)
Relationships between Culture and Communication	159	(10)
We Learn Culture in the Process of Communicating	160	(1)
FYI Code Talkers	161	(1)
Language Is a Primary Indicator of Culture	161	(1)
FYI Learning Togetherness	162	(1)
Communicating Culture	163	(1)
Multiple Social Communities May Coexist in a Single Culture	163	(3)
Your Gendered Standpoint	166	(2)
FYI Proverbs Express Cultural Values	168	(1)
Communication Expresses and Sustains Cultures	168	(1)
Communication Is a Source of Cultural Change	168	(1)
Guidelines for Adapting Communication to Diverse Cultures and Social Communities	169	(6)
Engage in Person-Centered Communication	170	(1)
Respect What Others Present as Their Feelings and Ideas	170	(2)
Resist Ethnocentric Bias	172	(1)
Recognize That Adapting to Cultural Diversity Is a Process	172	(3)
Summary	175	(1)
Communication Mosaics Online	176	(4)
Key Concepts	176	(1)
For Further Reflection and Discussion	176	(1)
Recommended Resources	177	(1)
Experience Communication Case Study: The Job Interview	177	(3)
Part III: Contexts of Communication
Communication and Self-Concept	180	(15)
Communication and Personal Identity	181	(1)
The Self Arises in Communication with Others	181	(1)
FYI A Positive Prophecy	182	(2)
SYS Identifying Social Values in Media	184	(1)
Communication with Family Members	184	(2)
SYS Reflecting on Your Identity Scripts	186	(2)
Communication with Peers	188	(3)
Communication with Society	191	(4)
Challenges in Communicating with Ourselves	195	(5)
Reflect Critically on Social Perspectives	195	(1)
Seek Personal Growth as a Communicator	196	(2)
Create a Supportive Climate for Change	198	(1)
Uppers, Downers, and Vultures	199	(1)
Summary	200	(1)
Communication Mosaics Online	201	(3)
Key Concepts	201	(1)
For Further Reflection and Discussion	201	(1)
Recommended Resources	201	(1)
Experience Communication Case Study: Parental Teachings	202	(2)
Communication in Personal Relationships	204	(24)
Understanding Personal Relationships	205	(15)
Features of Personal Relationships	205	(3)
SYS Rules of Friendship	208	(2)
The Evolutionary Course of Personal Relationships	210	(2)
FYI Friends of the Heart and Friends of the Road	212	(2)
FYI Love Online	214	(1)
FYI Styles of Loving	215	(2)
FYI Stages in the Escalation of Interracial Relationships	217	(2)
SYS Your Romance	219	(1)
Challenges in Personal Relationships	220	(5)
Dealing with Distance	220	(1)
FYI Coping with Geographic Separation	221	(1)
Managing Dual-Career Relationships	221	(2)
Avoiding Intimate Partner Violence	223	(1)
Negotiating Safer Sex	224	(1)
Summary	225	(1)
Communication Mosaics Online	225	(3)
Key Concepts	225	(1)
For Further Reflection and Discussion	226	(1)
Recommended Resources	226	(1)
Experience Communication Case Study: Abuse	226	(2)
Communication in Groups and Teams	228	(24)
Understanding Communication in Groups and Teams	230	(5)
Defining Groups and Teams	231	(1)
The Rise of Groups and Teams	232	(3)
Potential Limitations and Strengths of Groups	235	(2)
Potential Limitations of Groups	235	(1)
Potential Strengths of Groups	236	(1)
Aspects of Small Groups	237	(5)
Cohesion	238	(1)
Group Size	238	(1)
Power Structure	239	(1)
Interaction Patterns	240	(1)
FYI Five Bases of Power	240	(1)
Group Norms	241	(1)
Challenges of Communicating in Groups and Teams	242	(5)
Participating Constructively	242	(2)
SYS Noticing Communication in Groups	244	(1)
Providing Leadership	244	(2)
Managing Conflict Constructively	246	(1)
Summary	247	(1)
Communication Mosaics Online	248	(4)
Key Concepts	248	(1)
For Further Reflection and Discussion	248	(1)
Recommended Resources	249	(1)
Experience Communication Case Study: Group Communication	249	(3)
Communication in Organizations	252	(20)
Key Features of Organizational Communication	253	(2)
Structure	254	(1)
Communication Networks	254	(1)
Links to External Environments	255	(1)
Organizational Culture	255	(9)
Vocabulary	256	(1)
Stories	257	(2)
SYS Noticing Stories and the Work They Do	259	(1)
Rites and Rituals	259	(2)
Structures	261	(1)
SYS Noticing Rituals in Your Organization	261	(2)
Organizations and Ethics---Or Lack Thereof	263	(1)
Challenges for Communicating in Organizations	264	(4)
Adapting to Diverse Needs, Situations, and People	264	(1)
FYI Tomorrow's Organizations	265	(1)
Moving In and Out of Teams	266	(1)
FYI Employee Mistreatment in Culturally Diverse Organizations	266	(1)
Managing Personal Relationships on the Job	267	(1)
Summary	268	(1)
Communication Mosaics Online	269	(3)
Key Concepts	269	(1)
For Further Reflection and Discussion	269	(1)
Recommended Resources	270	(1)
Experience Communication Case Study: Ed Misses the Banquet	270	(2)
Public Communication	272	(26)
FYI The First Amendment	273	(1)
Public Speaking as Enlarged Conversation	273	(4)
Purposes of Public Speeches	274	(1)
Noticing Conversational Speaking Style	275	(1)
Distinctive Features of Public Communication	276	(1)
FYI Moved to Speak	277	(1)
Planning and Presenting Public Speeches	277	(9)
Earning Credibility	278	(1)
Planning Public Speeches	278	(1)
Researching and Supporting Public Speeches	279	(1)
Organizing Speeches	280	(4)
Developing Effective Delivery	284	(1)
SYS Noticing Oral Style	285	(1)
Challenges in Public Speaking	286	(4)
Understanding and Controlling Speaking Anxiety	287	(2)
Adapting to Audiences	289	(1)
Listening Critically	290	(1)
Summary	290	(2)
FYI Common Fallacies in Reasoning	291	(1)
Communication Mosaics Online	292	(6)
Key Concepts	292	(1)
For Further Reflection and Discussion	292	(1)
Recommended Resources	293	(1)
Experience Communication Case Study: Graduated Licensing	293	(5)
Mass Communication	298	(22)
The Evolution of Mass Communication	299	(4)
FYI The Medium Is the Message/Massage	300	(1)
The Tribal Epoch	300	(1)
The Literate Epoch	301	(1)
The Print Epoch	301	(1)
The Electronic Epoch	302	(1)
Theories of Mass Communication	303	(10)
The Hypodermic Needle Model	303	(1)
Uses and Gratification	303	(1)
Agenda Setting	304	(2)
Cultivation Theory	306	(1)
FYI Media-Created Body Images	307	(1)
SYS Testing the Mean World Syndrome	308	(1)
Cultural Studies Theories of Mass Communication	309	(2)
FYI Constructing the News	311	(1)
SYS Detecting Dominant Values in Media	312	(1)
FYI Race on Television and in Real Life	312	(1)
Challenges for Interacting with Mass Communication	313	(3)
Developing Media Literacy	313	(2)
FYI Puffery: The Best of Its Kind!	315	(1)
Respond Actively	315	(1)
Summary	316	(1)
Responding Actively	316	(1)
Communication Mosaics Online	317	(3)
Key Concepts	317	(1)
For Further Reflection and Discussion	318	(1)
Recommended Resources	318	(1)
Experience Communication Case Study: The Power Zapper	318	(2)
Communication Technologies	320	(42)
A History of Communication Technologies	321	(6)
Written Communication	322	(1)
Telephone Communication	322	(2)
Computer-Mediated Communication	324	(1)
SYS Cell-Etiquette	324	(1)
Electronic Conferencing	325	(1)
SYS Netiquette (E-Mail Etiquette)	326	(1)
Interconnected Communication Technologies	327	(1)
Controversies about Communication Technologies	327	(10)
FYI The PC-Plus Era	328	(1)
The Impact on Our Thinking	328	(4)
Changing What Community Means	332	(1)
The Impact of Online Identities	333	(1)
FYI Cyberhate	333	(2)
Influencing Productivity	335	(2)
Challenges of Living with Communication Technologies	337	(5)
Managing Information Flow and Overload	337	(1)
Ensuring Democratic Access	338	(1)
FYI The Digital Divide	339	(1)
Regulating Cyberspace	340	(2)
Summary	342	(1)
Communication Mosaics Online	342	(5)
Key Concepts	342	(1)
For Further Reflection and Discussion	343	(1)
Recommended Resources	343	(1)
Experience Communication Case Study: Online Dating	343	(4)
Epilogue	347	(1)
Appendix: Communication in Interviews	348	(1)
Understanding Communication in Interviews	348	(9)
Purposes of Interviews	349	(3)
The Basic Structure of Interviews	352	(1)
Styles of Interviewing	353	(2)
Forms of Questions in Interviews	355	(1)
SYS Responding to Hypothetical Questions	356	(1)
Challenges of Communicating in Interviews	357	(3)
Prepare to Interview Effectively	357	(2)
FYI Cultural Diversity in Interviews	359	(1)
Managing Illegal Questions in Interviews	359	(1)
FYI Delivery Matters in Interviews	360	(1)
Summary	360	(2)
Key Concepts	361	(1)
For Further Reflection and Discussion	361	(1)
Glossary	362	(8)
References	370	(24)
Credits	394	(1)
Index	395