Community Counseling : Empowerment Strategies for a Diverse Society

by LEWIS/LEWIS

• ISBN13: 9780534258542
• ISBN10: 0534258549
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 1997-07-24
• Publisher: Brooks Cole

Summary

This respected book offers effective guidelines for planning and implementing productive community counseling programs and provides examples of outstanding community counseling programs now in operation. In this extensively revised and updated book, authors Judy A. Daniels and Michael J. D'Andrea join Judith A. Lewis and Michael D. Lewis in a fresh examination of how counselors can develop a new vision of their professional roles. This reexamination of roles is essential in the quest to better meet the needs of clients living in a rapidly changing, culturally-diverse, and technological society.

Table of Contents

FOREWORD	xiii	(3)
PREFACE	xvi
CHAPTER 1 THE COMMUNITY COUNSELING MODEL	1	(44)
The Search for More Effective Counseling Paradigms	1	(6)
The Traditional Counseling Paradigm	2	(1)
Shifting Paradigms	3	(2)
Community Counseling Defined	5	(1)
Building Community: The Challenge of the 21st Century	5	(2)
The Community Counseling Model	7	(10)
Overview	7	(1)
Basic Assumptions	8	(9)
The Role of the Community Counselor	17	(3)
The Individual and the Environment	17	(1)
A Multifaceted Approach Within a Multicultural Society	18	(1)
Promoting Prevention	19	(1)
From Model Concept to Model Program	20	(6)
Direct Community Services: Prevention Education	22	(1)
Direct Client Services: Outreach and Counseling for Vulnerable Populations	22	(1)
Indirect Community Services: Systemic Changes and Public Policy	23	(1)
Indirect Client Services: Advocacy and Consultation	24	(2)
A Unified Approach	26	(1)
The Community Counseling Model in Action	26	(11)
Aunt Martha's Youth Service Center	26	(5)
The Community Counseling Model in Action: The "I Have a Future" Program	31	(6)
Summary	37	(2)
Supplemental Activities	39	(1)
References	39	(6)
CHAPTER 2 PREVENTIVE EDUCATION	45	(41)
A Rationale for Prevention	45	(4)
The Limitations of Individual Counseling	45	(1)
Resistance to Prevention	46	(1)
Incorporating Prevention Strategies in Counseling Practice	47	(1)
Multicultural Considerations	47	(2)
Stress: An Overview	49	(4)
Theories of Stress	50	(1)
The Cultural Specificity of Stress Reactions	51	(1)
The Universality of Stress Reactions	52	(1)
Stress-Management Interventions	53	(7)
Controlling the Environment	53	(2)
Altering Mental Processes	55	(1)
Changing Lifestyles	56	(1)
Altering Physiological Responses to Stress	57	(2)
The Stress-Management Workshop	59	(1)
Health-Promotion Programs	60	(6)
Overview: A Holistic Approach	60	(2)
Health Promotion in an Urban Setting: A Health Center for At-Risk Youth	62	(4)
Health Promotion in a Rural Setting: The Madison County Health Project	66	(3)
Life-Skills Training: Promoting Personal Competence	69	(9)
Definition and Importance of Life Skills	69	(1)
Effectiveness of Life-Skills Training Programs	70	(1)
Promoting Intrapersonal and Interpersonal Competencies	71	(1)
Gazda's Life-Skills Training Model	72	(2)
The Prepare Curriculum: Goldstein's Problem-Solving Program	74	(2)
School-Based Preventive Life-Skills Programs	76	(1)
Violence Prevention and Conflict Resolution	77	(1)
Summary	78	(1)
Supplemental Activities	79	(1)
References	80	(6)
CHAPTER 3 OUTREACH TO VULNERABLE POPULATIONS	86	(36)
Defining Vulnerable Populations	86	(7)
An Equation for Psychological Health	87	(2)
Helping Clients Learn New Coping Strategies	89	(4)
Model Outreach Programs	93	(11)
Helping People Cope with Marital Disruption	94	(5)
The Family Development Project: Helping Pregnant Adolescents	99	(5)
Addressing the Mental Health Needs of Latinos/Latinas: The Inquilinos Boricuas en Accion (IBA)	104	(7)
Promoting the Wellness of Battered Women	107	(4)
Crisis Intervention and Suicide Prevention	111	(6)
Definition of Crisis	111	(1)
The Phases of Crisis	112	(2)
Suicide Prevention	114	(3)
Summary	117	(1)
Supplemental Activities	118	(1)
References	118	(4)
CHAPTER 4 COMMUNITY COUNSELING AND THE COUNSELING PROCESS	122	(49)
The Role of Direct Counseling Services	123	(3)
Four Models of Responsibility	123	(1)
Understanding and Nurturing Hope	124	(2)
Promoting Personal Responsibility	126	(15)
Self-Efficacy	127	(1)
Self-Managed Behavior Change	127	(2)
Social Responsibility	129	(2)
Developmental Stages	131	(6)
Multicultural Counseling and Therapy (MCT)	137	(4)
Systems Theory and Environmental Influences	141	(9)
Family Counseling	142	(1)
Postmodernism and Family Counseling	143	(2)
Contextualism	145	(1)
Counseling for Personal Liberation	146	(4)
Practical Applications of Community Counseling	150	(15)
Assessment	150	(2)
Individual and Environmental Change	152	(13)
Summary	165	(1)
Supplemental Activities	166	(1)
References	166	(5)
CHAPTER 5 CLIENT ADVOCACY	171	(44)
Introduction	171	(2)
Limitations of Direct Counseling	171	(1)
Distinguishing Client Advocacy from Counseling	172	(1)
Stigmatization	173	(3)
Labeling Resulting from Disability of Impairment	173	(1)
Racial/Cultural Stereotyping	174	(1)
The Counselor's Role	174	(2)
Empowerment Through Self-Help Groups	176	(14)
The "Helper-Therapy" Principle	178	(2)
The Ideology of Self-Help Groups	180	(2)
Mutual Support in Self-Help Groups	182	(3)
Self-Help and Political Action: Disability Rights	185	(3)
Self-Help and Volunteerism	188	(2)
Fostering a Responsive Helping Network	190	(19)
Class Advocacy	191	(2)
Advocacy in a Multicultural Society	193	(1)
Coalition Building	194	(4)
Community-Based Planning	198	(3)
Consultation	201	(8)
Summary	209	(1)
Supplemental Activities	210	(1)
References	211	(4)
CHAPTER 6 THE COMMUNITY COUNSELOR AS SOCIAL CHANGE AGENT	215	(35)
The Role of Social Change Agent	216	(5)
Barriers and Challenges	216	(3)
Promoting Clients' Empowerment Through Social Activism	219	(2)
Ecological Considerations in Counseling Practices	221	(21)
Using an Ecological Approach with Culturally Diverse Clients	223	(5)
Microsystems: School-Based Programs	228	(3)
Mesosystems: Projects for School Development	231	(3)
Exosystems: Neighborhood Organizations	234	(6)
Macrosystems: Shaping and Changing Society	240	(2)
Indirect Community Programs as Empowerment Strategies	242	(3)
Summary	245	(1)
Supplemental Activities	246	(1)
References	246	(4)
CHAPTER 7 APPLICATIONS OF THE COMMUNITY COUNSELING MODEL	250	(38)
Review of the Community Counseling Model	250	(1)
Mental Health Agencies	251	(5)
Direct Community Services	251	(3)
Direct Client Services	254	(1)
Indirect Community Services	255	(1)
Indirect Client Services	256	(1)
Career Development Agencies	256	(4)
Direct Community Services	257	(1)
Direct Client Services	258	(1)
Indirect Community Services	259	(1)
Indirect Client Services	259	(1)
Specialized Agencies	260	(4)
Direct Community Services	260	(2)
Direct Client Services	262	(1)
Indirect Community Services	263	(1)
Indirect Client Services	263	(1)
Business and Industry	264	(4)
Direct Community Services	264	(1)
Direct Client Services	265	(1)
Indirect Community Services	266	(1)
Indirect Client Services	267	(1)
Educational Settings	268	(15)
Elementary and Secondary Schools	269	(6)
Colleges and Universities	275	(8)
Summary	283	(1)
Supplemental Activities	284	(1)
References	284	(4)
CHAPTER 8 MANAGING THE COMMUNITY COUNSELING PROGRAM	288	(33)
Planning	289	(5)
Needs Assessment	289	(3)
Goal Setting	292	(1)
Decision Making	293	(1)
Planning for Implementation	293	(1)
Budgeting	294	(3)
Sources of Revenue	295	(2)
Organizing	297	(4)
Contrasting Two Organizational Models	297	(3)
Future Organizational Challenges	300	(1)
Leadership and Supervision	301	(11)
Leadership Style	301	(2)
The Five Components of Effective Leadership	303	(1)
The Supervisory Relationship	304	(4)
Multicultural Supervision	308	(4)
Evaluation	312	(3)
Process Evaluation	313	(1)
Outcome Evaluation	314	(1)
Unique Managerial Challenges	315	(1)
Summary	316	(1)
Supplemental Activities	317	(1)
References	317	(4)
NAME INDEX	321	(4)
SUBJECT INDEX	325