Community Policing

by Trojanowicz, Robert C.; Kappeler, Victor E.; Gaines, Larry K.

• ISBN13: 9781583605271
• ISBN10: 1583605274
• Edition: 3rd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2001-07-01
• Publisher: Anderson Pub Co

Table of Contents

In Memory	iii
Robert C. Trojanowicz
Acknowledgments	v
Preface	vii
The Idea of Community Policing	1	(34)
The Community Policing Revolution	1	(3)
The Philosphical and Structural Aspects of Community Policing	4	(14)
The Philosophical Dimension	4	(1)
Broad Police Function and Community Focus	4	(2)
Citizen Input	6	(1)
Working Together	7	(1)
Developing Trust	7	(1)
Sharing Power	8	(1)
Creativity	9	(1)
Neighborhood Variation	10	(1)
The Organizational and Personnel Dimension	10	(2)
The Strategic Dimension	12	(1)
Geographic Focus and Ownership	12	(2)
Direct, Daily, Face-to-Face Contact	14	(1)
Prevention Focus	14	(1)
The Programmatic Dimension	15	(1)
Reoriented Police Operations	15	(1)
Problem-Solving and Situational Crime Prevention	16	(1)
Community Engagement	17	(1)
What Community Policing Does Not Constitute	18	(9)
Reconciling Law Enforcement with Community Policing	27	(3)
Summary	30	(1)
References	31	(4)
A History of Community Policing	35	(34)
The Lessons of History	35	(1)
Policing's British Roots	36	(3)
Colonial Law Enforcement in Cities and Towns	39	(1)
The Rise of Municipal Police	40	(5)
Frontier Justice	45	(1)
Vigilantism	46	(2)
Twentieth-Century Policing	48	(2)
Police Reform in the 1930s	50	(4)
The Police and Minorities	54	(2)
Initial Attempts to Reach the Community	56	(3)
The Challenge of the Late 1960s	59	(4)
The Birth of Community Policing	63	(1)
A Summary of the Lessons Learned and Mistakes Not to Be Repeated	64	(2)
References	66	(3)
The Changing Meaning of Community	69	(22)
The Importance of Definitions	69	(1)
A History of the Meaning of Community	70	(5)
Assaults on Community	75	(3)
The Technological and Corporate Divide	78	(6)
How Community Policing Can Build a Sense of Community	84	(4)
Summary	88	(1)
References	88	(3)
Managing Community Policing	91	(1)
Organizing the Police	91	(1)
Principles of Organization and Police Administration	92	(1)
Classical Organization Principles	93	(1)
Types of Organizations	94	(3)
Total Quality Management	97	(7)
Organizational Culture	98	(2)
Customer Service	100	(1)
Counting Crime	101	(3)
Implementing Community Policing as Change	104	(4)
Goals and Strategy	105	(1)
People	106	(1)
Services	107	(1)
Technology	107	(1)
Implementing Community-Oriented Policing	108	(7)
Performance Gap	109	(1)
Recognizing a Need for Change	109	(1)
Creating a Proper Climate for Change	110	(2)
Diagnosing the Problem	112	(1)
Identifying Alternative Strategies	113	(1)
Selecting the Strategy	114	(1)
Determining and Operationalizing Implementation Strategy	114	(1)
Evaluating and Modifying the Strategy	115	(1)
Summary	115	(2)
References	117
Problem Solving and Community Policing	81	(70)
The Nature of Problems and Problem Solving	122	(3)
Geographical Policing	125	(1)
Defining Hot Spots or Problem Areas	126	(1)
The Mechanics of Problem Solving	127	(3)
Scanning	127	(1)
Analysis	127	(1)
Response	128	(1)
Assessment	128	(2)
Methods for Identifying Problems	130	(15)
Officer Observation and Experience	130	(5)
Citizen Complaints and Community Groups	135	(1)
Crime Mapping	136	(3)
Police Reports, Calls for Service Analysis, and Crime Analysis	139	(2)
Geographic Concentration Pattern	141	(1)
Similar Offense Pattern	142	(1)
Citizen Surveys	143	(2)
Police Problem Solving	145	(4)
Summary	149	(1)
References	149	(2)
Community Policing and Crime	151	(26)
Challenges to Traditional Crime Control	151	(2)
Police Measures of Crime---What Do We Know?	153	(4)
The Traditional Police Effort	157	(5)
The Dynamics of Serious Crime	162	(5)
Community Policing's Strengths	167	(7)
References	174	(3)
Community Policing and Fear of Crime	177	(26)
Traditional Policing and Fear of Crime	177	(3)
Discovering the ``Fear of Crime''	180	(1)
The Figgie Report	180	(2)
The Flint Foot Patrol Experiment	182	(1)
What Is Fear of Crime?	183	(2)
Extent of Fear of Crime	185	(2)
Victimization and Fear of Crime	187	(2)
Gender and Fear of Crime	189	(1)
Age and Fear of Crime	190	(1)
Race and Fear of Crime	191	(1)
The Media and Fear of Crime	192	(2)
Community Policing, Disorder, and Fear of Crime	194	(1)
Police Programming and Fear of Crime	195	(3)
Fear Reduction in Newark, New Jersey	196	(1)
Fear Reduction in Houston, Texas	197	(1)
The COPE Project in Baltimore County, Maryland	198	(1)
Curbing Incivilities to Reduce Fear of Crime	198	(1)
Summary	199	(1)
References	200	(3)
Community Policing and Drugs	203	(30)
Nature and Extent of the Drug Problem	204	(2)
Police Drug Strategies	206	(7)
High-Level Enforcement	207	(2)
Retail-Level Enforcement	209	(3)
Efforts Aimed at Juveniles	212	(1)
Community Policing and the Drug Problem	213	(16)
Summary	229	(1)
References	230	(3)
Community Policing and Special Populations	233	(30)
Juveniles	235	(4)
Juvenile Crime and Violence	239	(1)
Urban Youth Gangs	240	(6)
COP Intervention Programs	245	(1)
Policing the Homeless	246	(5)
Minorities and the Police	251	(5)
Lightning Rods of Racial Tension	253	(1)
The Rodney King Incident	253	(1)
The Abner Louima Incident	254	(1)
The Amadou Diallo Incident	254	(1)
The Rampart Division Scandal	254	(1)
Driving While Black	255	(1)
Undocumented Aliens	256	(2)
Tourists and Transients	258	(1)
Summary	259	(1)
References	260	(3)
Toward a New Breed of Police Officer	263	(18)
Images and Impressions	263	(2)
Traditional Police Culture	265	(4)
Resistance to Community Policing	269	(4)
Changing Traditional Police Culture	273	(3)
What Community Policing Offers	276	(1)
Implications for the Future	277	(2)
References	279	(2)
Community Policing at the Crossroads	281	(30)
Community Policing: From Theory to Practice	283	(1)
A Restatement of the Philosophy of Community Policing	284	(4)
The Social Context of the Community Policing Revolution	288	(4)
Turning the Spirit of Community Policing into Practice	292	(3)
Challenges to the Spirit of Community Policing	295	(2)
Contemporary Issues and Questions About Community Policing	297	(6)
San Diego Problem Analysis Advisory Committee (PAAC)	303	(1)
Norfolk Support Services Committee	303	(3)
Summary	306	(1)
References	306	(5)
The Ten Principles of Community Policing	311	(4)
Profiles in Community Policing	315	(16)
Problem-Solving Case Studies	331	(20)
Index	351