A Companion to the American Revolution

by Greene, Jack P.; Pole, J. R.

• ISBN13: 9780631210580
• ISBN10: 063121058X
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2000-04-07
• Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell

Summary

Impressive in its broad scope and cutting-edge scholarship, A Companion to the American Revolution is an indispensable reference for anyone interested in American political, social, and cultural history. Ninety articles by key historians cover all aspects of the Revolution, providing a detailed chronology of events and analyzing the internal character and consequences of the Revolution both in detail and in depth. Tracing the war's far-reaching repercussions from the Caribbean to Russia, the editors view it as a major event in world history and provide an international perspective on the periods before, during, and after the conflict. Moreover, the Companion provides a unique, cross-cultural picture of revolutionary America, with essays covering the arts, literature, music, religion, and language; contributors also discuss the status and experience of women and African American and Amerindian peoples of the period.

Author Biography

Jack P. Greene is Andrew W. Mellon Professor in the Humanities at Johns Hopkins University and the author and editor of many books and articles on early modern colonial British America and the American Revolution. Among his recent books are Imperatives, Behaviors, and Identities: Essays in Early American Cultural History (1992), Negotiated Authorities: Essays in Colonial Political and Constitutional History (1994), Understanding the American Revolution: Issues and Actors (1995), and Interpreting Early America: Historiographical Essays (1996).

J. R. Pole is Rhodes Professor Emeritus of American History and Institutions, St. Catherine’s College, Oxford, and a Fellow of the British Academy. His books include Political Representation in England and the Origins of the American Republic (1966), The Pursuit of Equality in American History (1978, second edition 1993), Paths to the American Past (1979), The Gift of Government: Political Responsibility from the English Restoration to American Independence (1983), and The American Constitution: For and Against (ed., 1987).

Table of Contents

List of maps and map acknowledgements	x
List of contributors	xi
Introduction	xiii
Part I: Context	1	(98)
The structure of British politics in the mid-eighteenth century	3	(5)
W.A. Speck
Metropolitan administration of the colonies, 1696--1775	8	(6)
Ian K. Steele
Intra-imperial communications, 1689--1775	14	(5)
Richard R. Johnson
The changing socio-economic and strategic importance of the colonies to the empire	19	(10)
Alison G. Olson
The political development of the colonies after the Glorious Revolution	29	(10)
Alan Tully
Population and family in early America	39	(12)
Robert V. Wells
Socio-economic development of the colonies	51	(9)
Edwin J. Perkins
Religion before the Revolution	60	(5)
Edwin S. Gaustad
The cultural development of the colonies	65	(17)
Michal J. Rozbicki
The emergence of civic culture in the colonies to about 1770	82	(6)
David Shields
Ideological background	88	(6)
Isaac Kramnick
The Amerindian population in 1763	94	(5)
Eric Hinderaker
Part II: Themes and Events, to 1776	99	(164)
The origins of the new colonial policy, 1748--1763	101	(11)
Jack P. Greene
The Seven Years' War and its political legacy	112	(6)
Thomas L. Purvis
The Grenville program, 1763--1765	118	(5)
Peter D. G. Thomas
The Stamp Act crisis and its repercussions, including the Quartering Act controversy	123	(11)
Peter D. G. Thomas
The Townshend Acts crisis, 1767--1770	134	(17)
Robert J. Chaffin
The British Army in America, before 1775	151	(6)
Douglas Edward Leach
The West and the Amerindians, 1756--1776	157	(8)
Peter Marshall
Trade legislation and its enforcement, 1748--1776	165	(8)
R. C. Simmons
Ongoing disputes over the prerogative, 1763--1776	173	(6)
Jack P. Greene
Bishops and other ecclesiastical issues, to 1776	179	(5)
Frederick V. Mills, Sr.
Social protest and the revolutionary movement, 1765--1776	184	(11)
Edward Countryman
The tea crisis and its consequences, through 1775	195	(11)
David L. Ammerman
The crisis of Independence	206	(10)
David L. Ammerman
Development of a revolutionary organization, 1765--1775	216	(6)
David W. Conroy
Political mobilization, 1765--1776	222	(8)
Rebecca Starr
Identity and Independence	230	(5)
Jack P. Greene
Loyalism and neutrality	235	(13)
Robert M. Calhoon
Opposition in Britain	248	(6)
Colin Bonwick
Common Sense	254	(4)
Jack Frunchtman, Jr.
The Declaration of Independence	258	(5)
Ronald Hamowy
Part III: Themes and Events, from 1776	263	(232)
Bills of rights and the first ten amendments to the Constitution	265	(4)
Robert A. Rutland
State constitution-making, through 1781	269	(12)
Donald S. Lutz
The Articles of Confederation, 1775--1783	281	(6)
Jack N. Rakove
The War for Independence, to Saratoga	287	(11)
Don Higginbotham
The War for Independence, after Saratoga	298	(10)
Don Higginbotham
The Continental Army	308	(6)
Holly A. Mayer
Militia, guerrilla warfare, tactics, and weaponry	314	(6)
Mark V. Kwasny
Naval operations during the War for Independence	320	(6)
Clark G. Reynolds
The First United States Navy	326	(6)
James C. Bradford
The home front during the War for Independence: the effect of labor shortages on commercial production in the Mid-Atlantic	332	(10)
Michael V. Kennedy
Resistance to the American Revolution	342	(10)
Michael A. McDonnell
Diplomacy of the Revolution, to 1783	352	(10)
Jonathan R. Dull
Confederation: state governments and their problems	362	(12)
Edward Countryman
The West: territory, states, and confederation	374	(9)
Peter S. Onuf
Demobilization and national defense	383	(5)
E. Wayne Carp
Currency, taxation, and finance, 1775--1787	388	(10)
Robert A. Becker
Foreign relations, after 1783	398	(4)
Jonathan R. Dull
Slavery and anti-slavery	402	(11)
Sylvia R. Frey
Amerindians and the new republic	413	(6)
James H. Merrell
The impact of the Revolution on the role, status, and experience of women	419	(8)
Betty Wood
The impact of the Revolution on education	427	(8)
Melvin Yazawa
The impact of the Revolution on social problems: poverty, insanity, and crime	435	(9)
Melvin Yazawa
The impact of the Revolution on church and state	444	(8)
Robert M. Calhoon
Law: continuity and reform	452	(6)
J. R. Pole
Confederation: movement for a stronger union	458	(12)
Mark D. Kaplanoff
The Federal Convention and the Constitution	470	(12)
Mark D. Kaplanoff
The debate over ratification of the Constitution	482	(13)
Murray Dry
Part IV: External Effects of the Revolution	495	(62)
Great Britain in the aftermath of the American Revolution	497	(6)
Ian R. Christie
The American Revolution in Canada	503	(8)
Elizabeth Mancke
The American Revolution and Ireland	511	(4)
Maurice J. Bric
The American Revolution and the sugar colonies, 1775--1783	515	(8)
Selwyn H. H. Carrington
The effects of the American Revolution on France and its empire	523	(8)
David P. Geggus
The impact of the American Revolution on Spain and Portugal and their empires	531	(14)
Kenneth Maxwell
The influence of the American Revolution in the Netherlands	545	(5)
Jan Willem Schulte Nordholt
Wim Klooster
The influence of the American Revolution in Germany	550	(4)
Horst Dippel
The influence of the American Revolution in Russia	554	(3)
Hans Rogger
Part V: Internal Developments After the Revolution	557	(68)
The economic and demographic consequences of the American Revolution	559	(20)
Mary M. Schweitzer
The religious consequences of the Revolution	579	(7)
Robert M. Calhoon
The cultural effects of the Revolution	586	(9)
Norman S. Grabo
The effects of the Revolution on language	595	(5)
John Algeo
Medicine before and after the Revolution	600	(5)
Mary E. Fissell
The construction of gender in a republican world	605	(5)
Ruth H. Bloch
The construction of race in republican America	610	(7)
James Sidbury
The construction of social status in revolutionary America	617	(8)
Christine Daniels
Part VI: Concepts	625	(82)
Liberty	627	(6)
Elise Marienstras
Equality	633	(5)
J. R. Pole
Property	638	(7)
Alan Freeman
Elizabeth Mensch
The rule of law	645	(5)
John P. Reid
Consent	650	(5)
Donald S. Lutz
Happiness	655	(6)
Jan Lewis
Suffrage and representation	661	(7)
Rosemarie Zagarri
Republicanism	668	(6)
Robert E. Shalhope
Sovereignty	674	(6)
Peter S. Onuf
Nationality and citizenship	680	(6)
Elise Marienstras
The separation of powers	686	(5)
Maurice J. C. Vile
Rights	691	(5)
Michael Zuckert
Virtue	696	(5)
James T. Kloppenberg
Interests	701	(6)
Cathy Matson
Chronology	707	(38)
Steven J. Sarson
Index	745