A Companion to the American Revolution

by Greene, Jack P.; Pole, J. R.

• ISBN13: 9781405116749
• ISBN10: 1405116749
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2003-09-11
• Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell

Summary

A Companion to the American Revolution is a single guide to the themes, events, and concepts of this major turning point in early American history. Containing coverage before, during, and after the war, as well as the effect of the revolution on a global scale, this major reference to the period is ideal for any student, scholar, or general reader seeking a complete reference to the field. Contains 90 articles in all, including guides to further reading and a detailed chronological table. Explains all aspects of the revolution before, during, and after the war. Discusses the status and experiences of women, Native Americans, and African Americans, and aspects of social and daily life during this period. Describes the effects of the revolution abroad. Provides complete coverage of military history, including the home front. Concludes with a section on concepts to put the morality of early America in today's context.

Author Biography

Jack P. Greene is Andrew W. Mellon Professor in the Humanities at Johns Hopkins University and the author and editor of many books and articles on early modern colonial British America and the American Revolution. Among his recent books are Imperatives, Behaviors, and Identities: Essays in Early American Cultural History (1992), Negotiated Authorities: Essays in Colonial Political and Constitutional History (1994), Understanding the American Revolution: Issues and Actors (1995), and Interpreting Early America: Historiographical Essays (1996).

J. R. Pole is Rhodes Professor Emeritus of American History and Institutions, St. Catherine’s College, Oxford, and a Fellow of the British Academy. His books include Political Representation in England and the Origins of the American Republic (1966), The Pursuit of Equality in American History (1978, second edition 1993), Paths to the American Past (1979), The Gift of Government: Political Responsibility from the English Restoration to American Independence (1983), and The American Constitution: For and Against (ed., 1987).

Table of Contents

List of maps and map acknowledgements	x
List of contributors	xi
Introduction	xiii
PART I: CONTEXT	1	(98)
1 The structure of British politics in the mid-eighteenth century	3	(5)
W.A. Speck
2 Metropolitan administration of the colonies, 1696-1775	8	(6)
Ian K. Steele
3 Intra-imperial communications, 1689-1775	14	(5)
Richard R. Johnson
4 The changing socio-economic and strategic importance of the colonies to the empire	19	(10)
Alison G. Olson
5 The political development of the colonies after the Glorious Revolution	29	(10)
Alan Tully
6 Population and family in early America	39	(12)
Robert V. Wells
7 Socio-economic development of the colonies	51	(9)
Edwin J. Perkins
8 Religion before the Revolution	60	(5)
Edwin S. Gaustad
9 The cultural development of the colonies	65	(17)
Michal J. Rozbicki
10 The emergence of civic culture in the colonies to about 1770	82	(6)
David Shields
11 Ideological background	88	(6)
Isaac Kramnick
12 The Amerindian population in 1763	94	(5)
Eric Hinderaker
PART II: THEMES AND EVENTS, TO 1776	99	(164)
13 The origins of the new colonial policy, 1748-1763	101	(11)
Jack P. Greene
14 The Seven Years' War and its political legacy	112	(6)
Thomas L. Purvis
15 The Grenville program, 1763-1 765	118	(5)
Peter D.G. Thomas
16 The Stamp Act crisis and its repercussions, including the Quartering Act controversy	123	(11)
Peter D.G. Thomas
17 The Townshend Acts crisis, 1767-1770	134	(17)
Robert J. Chaffin
18 The British Army in America, before 1775	151	(6)
Dowlas Edward Leach
19 The West and the Amerindians, 1756-1776	157	(8)
Peter Marshall
20 Trade legislation and its enforcement, 1748-1776	165	(8)
R.C. Simmons
21 Ongoing disputes over the prerogative, 1763-1776	173	(6)
Jack P. Greene
22 Bishops and other ecclesiastical issues, to 1776	179	(5)
Frederick V. Mills, Sr.
23 Social protest and the revolutionary movement, 1765-1776	184	(11)
Edward Countryman
24 The tea crisis and its consequences, through 1775	195	(11)
David L. Ammerman
25 The crisis of Independence	206	(10)
David L. Ammerman
26 Development of a revolutionary organization, 1765-1775	216	(6)
David W. Conroy
27 Political mobilization, 1765-1776	222	(8)
Rebecca Starr
28 Identity and Independence	230	(5)
Jack P. Greene
29 Loyalism and neutrality	235	(13)
Robert M. Calhoon
30 Opposition in Britain	248	(6)
Colin Bonwick
31 Common Sense	254	(4)
Jack Fruchtman, Jr.
32 The Declaration of Independence	258	(5)
Ronald Hamowy
PART III: THEMES AND EVENTS, FROM 1776	263	(232)
33 Bills of rights and the first ten amendments to the Constitution	265	(4)
Robert A. Rutland
34 State constitiution-making, through 1781	269	(12)
Donald S. Lutz
35 The Articles of Confederation, 1775-1783	281	(6)
Jack N. Rakove
36 The War for Independence, to Saratoga	287	(11)
Don Higginbotham
37 The War for Independence, after Saratoga	298	(10)
Don Higginbotham
38 The Continental Army	308	(6)
Holly A. Mayer
39 Militia, guerrilla warfare, tactics, and weaponry	314	(6)
Mark V. Kwasny
40. Naval operations during the War for Independence	320	(6)
Clark G. Reynolds
41 The First United States Navy	326	(6)
James C. Bradford
42 The Home front during the War for Independence: the effect of labor shortages on commercial production in the Mid-Atlantic	332	(10)
Michael V. Kennedy
43 Resistance to the American Revolution	342	(10)
Michael A. McDonnell
44 Diplomacy of the Revolution, to 1783	352	(10)
Jonathan R. Dull
45 Confederation: state governments and their problems	362	(12)
Edward Countryman
46 The West: territory, states, and confederation	374	(9)
Peter S. Onuf
47 Demobilization and national defense	383	(5)
E. Wayne Carp
48 Currency, taxation, and finance, 1775-1787	388	(10)
Robert A. Becher
49 Foreign relations, after 1783	398	(4)
Jonathan R. Dull
50 Slavery and anti-slavery	402	(11)
Sylvia R. Frey
51 Amerindians and the new republic	413	(6)
James H. Merrell
52 The impact of the Revolution on the role, status, and experience of women	419	(8)
Betty Wood
53 The impact of the Revolution on education	427	(8)
Melvin Yazawa
54 The impact of the Revolution on social problems: poverty, insanity, and crime	435	(9)
Melvin Yazawa
55 The impact of the Revolution on church and state	444	(8)
Robert M. Calhoon
56 Law: continuity and reform	452	(6)
J.R. Pole
57 Confederation: movement for a stronger union	458	(12)
Mark D. Kaplanoff
58 The Federal Convention and the Constitution	470	(12)
Mark D. Kaplanoff
59 The debate over ratification of the Constitution	482	(13)
Murray Dry
PART IV: EXTERNAL EFFECTS OF THE REVOLUTION	495	(62)
60 Great Britain in the aftermath of the American Revolution	497	(6)
Ian R. Christie
61 The American Revolution in Canada	503	(8)
Elizabeth Mancke
62 The American Revolution and Ireland	511	(4)
Maurice J. Bric
63 The American Revolution and the sugar colonies, 1775-1783	515	(8)
Selwyn H.H. Carrington
64 The effects of the American Revolution on France and its empire	523	(8)
David P. Geggus
65 The impact of the American Revolution on Spain and Portugal and their empires	531	(14)
Kenneth Maxwell
66 The influence of the American Revolution in the Netherlands	545	(5)
Jan Willem Schulte Nordholt and Wim Klooster
67 The influence of the American Revolution in Germany	550	(4)
Horst Dippel
68 The influence of the American Revolution in Russia	554	(3)
Hans Rogger
PART V: INTERNAL DEVELOPMENTS AFTER THE REVOLUTION	557	(68)
69 The economic and demographic consequences of the American Revolution	559	(20)
Mary M. Schweitzer
70 The religious consequences of the Revolution	579	(7)
Robert M. Calhoon
71 The cultural effects of the Revolution	586	(9)
Norman S. Grabo
72 The effects of the Revolution on language	595	(5)
John Ageo
73 Medicine before and after the Revolution	600	(5)
Mary E. Fissen
74 The construction of gender in a republican world	605	(5)
Ruth H. Bloch
75 The construction of race in republican America	610	(7)
James Sidbury
76 The construction of social status in revolutionary America	617	(8)
Christine Daniels
PART VI: CONCEPTS	625	(82)
77 Liberty	627	(6)
Elise Marienstras
78 Equality	633	(5)
J.R. Pole
79 Property	638	(7)
Alan Freeman and Elizabeth Mensch
80 The rule of law	645	(5866)
John P. Reid
81 Consent	6511
Donald S. Lutz
82 Happiness	655	(6)
Jan Lewis
83 Suffrage and representation	661	(7)
Rosemarie Zagarri
84 Republicanism	668	(6)
Robert E. Shalhope
85 Sovereignty	674	(6)
Peter S. Onuf
86 Nationality and citizenship	680	(6)
Elise Marienstras
87 The separation of powers	686	(5)
Maurice J.C. Vile
88 Rights	691	(5)
Michael Zuckert
89 Virtue	696	(5)
James T. Kloppenberg
90 Interests	701	(6)
Cathy Matson
Chronology	707	(38)
compiled by Steven J. Sarson
Index	745