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What is included with this book?
This is a complete resource for scholars and students of Tolkien, as well as avid fans, with coverage of his life, work, dominant themes, influences, and the critical reaction to his writing.
Stuart D. Lee is a member of the English Faculty at the University of Oxford. He is the University's Reader in E-learning and Digital Libraries, a member of Merton College, and Deputy CIO at the University's IT Services. He has studied medieval literature and the works of Tolkien for over 30 years. His research focuses on the impact of medieval literature on modern culture, and he lectures in Old English, Tolkien, and the Poetry of the First World War. He is co-author of Key Concepts in Medieval Literature (2006) and The Keys of Middle-earth: Discovering Medieval Literature through the Fiction of J. R. R. Tolkien (2005).
Acknowledgments xi
Notes on Contributors xiii
Editorial Practices and Abbreviations xix
Brief Chronology of the Life and Works of J. R. R. Tolkien xxii
Introduction 1
Part I: Life 5
1 A Brief Biography 7John Garth
Part II: The Academic 25
2 Academic Writings 27Thomas Honegger
3 Tolkien as Editor 41Tom Shippey
4 Manuscripts: Use, and Using 56Stuart D. Lee
Part III: The Legendarium 77
5 Myth-making and Sub-creation 79Carl Phelpstead
6 Middle-earth Mythology: An Overview 92Leslie A. Donovan
7 The Silmarillion: Tolkien’s Theory of Myth, Text, and Culture 107Gergely Nagy
8 The Hobbit: A Turning Point 119John D. Rateliff
9 The Lord of the Rings 133John R. Holmes
10 Unfinished Tales and the History of Middle-earth: A Lifetime of Imagination 146Elizabeth A. Whittingham
11 “The Lost Road” and “The Notion Club Papers”: Myth, History, and Time-travel 161Verlyn Flieger
12 Poetry 173Corey Olsen
13 “Minor” Works 189Maria Artamonova
14 Invented Languages and Writing Systems 202Arden R. Smith
Part IV: Context 215
15 Old English 217Mark Atherton
16 Middle English 230Elizabeth Solopova
17 Old Norse 244Tom Birkett
18 Finnish: The Land and Language of Heroes 259Leena Kahlas-Tarkka
19 Celtic: “Celtic Things” and “Things Celtic” – Identity, Language, and Mythology 272J. S. Lyman-Thomas
20 The English Literary Tradition: Shakespeare to the Gothic 286Nick Groom
21 Earlier Fantasy Fiction: Morris, Dunsany, and Lindsay 303Rachel Falconer
22 The Inklings and Others: Tolkien and His Contemporaries 317David Bratman
23 Later Fantasy Fiction: Tolkien’s Legacy 335Dimitra Fimi
24 Modernity: Tolkien and His Contemporaries 350Anna Vaninskaya
Part V: Critical Approaches 367
25 The Critical Response to Tolkien’s Fiction 369Patrick Curry
26 Style and Intertextual Echoes 389Allan Turner
27 The Hero’s Journey 404Anna Caughey
28 Evil 418Christopher Garbowski
29 Nature 431Liam Campbell
30 Religion: An Implicit Catholicism 446Pat Pinsent
31 War 461Janet Brennan Croft
32 Women 473Adam Roberts
33 Art 487Christopher Tuthill
34 Music 501Bradford Lee Eden
35 Film Adaptations: Theatrical and Television Versions 514Kristin Thompson
36 Games and Gaming: Quantasy 530Péter Kristóf Makai
General Bibliography 545
Index 555
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