Comparative Politics Domestic Responses to Global Challenges

by Hauss, Charles

• ISBN13: 9780534590536
• ISBN10: 0534590535
• Edition: 5th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2005-07-13
• Publisher: Wadsworth Publishing

Summary

Part One: INTRODUCTION. 1. Seeking New Lands, Seeing With New Eyes. Part Two: THE INDUSTRIALIZED DEMOCRACIES. 2. What Is Democracy? 3. The United States. 4. Great Britain. 5. France. 6. Germany. 7. The European Union. Part Three: THE CRISIS OF COMMUNISM. 8. Goodbye Lenin? 9. Russia. 10. China. Part Four: THE THIRD WORLD. 11. The Third World and the Challenge of Underdevelopment. 12. India. 13. Iran. 14. Iraq. 15. Nigeria. 16. Mexico. Part Five: CONCLUSION. 17. Danger....and Opportunity. CHAPTERS AVAILABLE ON-LINE. Japan. Canada. South Africa.

Table of Contents

List of Figures	xi
List of Tables	xii
Preface	xiv
Acknowledgments	xvi
Part 1 Introduction
Seeking New Lands, Seeing with New Eyes	3	(20)
Dangers and Opportunities in a Shrinking World	3	(2)
Leaders in Transition	5	(3)
The State: One Focus among Many	8	(3)
What Is the State?	8	(1)
Types of States	9	(1)
Strong and Weak States	10	(1)
Comparative Politics	11	(1)
Three Templates	11	(4)
The Political System	11	(2)
Historical and Contemporary Factors	13	(2)
State, Society, and Globalization	15	(1)
Five Themes	15	(1)
Using This Book	16	(7)
Part 2 Industrialized Democracies
The Industrialized Democracies	23	(26)
Four Elections	23	(3)
The United States	23	(1)
Great Britain	24	(1)
France	24	(1)
Germany	25	(1)
Common and Not-So-Common Themes	25	(1)
Thinking about Democracy	26	(3)
The Basics	26	(2)
Which Countries Are Democracies?	28	(1)
Key Questions	29	(1)
The Origins of the Democratic State	29	(3)
The Origins of Democratic Thought	29	(2)
Building Democracies	31	(1)
Political Culture and Participation	32	(7)
The Civic Culture?	33	(1)
Political Parties and Elections	34	(1)
Catch-All Parties	35	(1)
New Divisions	36	(2)
Realignment?	38	(1)
Interest Groups	38	(1)
Political Protest	39	(1)
The Democratic State	39	(4)
Presidential and Parliamentary Systems	39	(3)
The Rest of the State	42	(1)
Public Policy	43	(2)
The Interventionist State	43	(1)
Foreign Policy	44	(1)
Feedback	45	(1)
Conclusion: The Worst Form of Government Except for All the Others?	46	(3)
The United States	49	(20)
A More Normal Election	49	(1)
Thinking about the United States	50	(1)
The Making of the American State	51	(3)
The Constitutional Order	52	(1)
Since the Founders	53	(1)
The American People and Politics	54	(6)
The American Political Culture	54	(1)
Parties and Elections	55	(4)
Social Movements	59	(1)
The Weak American State	60	(5)
The Legislative Process	60	(3)
The Rest of the Weak State	63	(1)
Consensus Policy Making	64	(1)
Public Policy	65	(1)
Feedback	65	(1)
Conclusion: American Exceptionalism	66	(3)
Great Britain	69	(36)
Tony's Tough Week	69	(1)
Thinking about Britain	70	(3)
Key Questions	71	(1)
The Basics	71	(2)
The Evolution of the British State	73	(5)
The Broad Sweep of British History	74	(2)
The Collectivist Consensus	76	(2)
British Political Culture	78	(4)
The Civic Culture and the Collectivist Years	78	(1)
The Politics of Protest: Toward an Uncivic Culture?	78	(2)
The Civic Culture Holds	80	(1)
Will There Always Be a Britain?	80	(2)
Political Participation	82	(7)
The Conservatives	82	(2)
Labour	84	(2)
The Liberal Democrats	86	(1)
Minor Parties	87	(1)
The British Electorate	88	(1)
Interest Groups	89	(1)
The British State: Enduring Myths and Changing Realities	89	(6)
The Monarchy and the Lords: Still Dignified?	90	(1)
Parliamentary Sovereignty---Sort of	91	(2)
Cabinet Government?	93	(1)
The Rest of the State	94	(1)
Public Policy: The Thatcher and Blair Revolutions	95	(5)
Domestic Politics	95	(3)
Foreign Policy	98	(2)
Feedback	100	(1)
Conclusion: Blair's Legacy and British Democracy	100	(5)
France	105	(38)
Not a Contradiction in Terms	105	(1)
Thinking about France	106	(2)
Key Questions	106	(1)
The Basics	107	(1)
The Evolution of the French State: Centuries of Turmoil	108	(5)
Transformation and Division	108	(1)
Traditional Republican Politics: A Vicious Circle	109	(2)
From the Fourth to the Fifth Republic	111	(2)
French Political Culture: From Alienation toward Consensus	113	(3)
Taming Political Protest	113	(2)
New Divisions	115	(1)
Political Participation	116	(7)
Renewing the Party System	116	(5)
Why These Changes Happened: The French Electoral System	121	(1)
Parity: A Victory for Feminism?	121	(1)
Interest Groups	122	(1)
The French State	123	(8)
A New Constitution for a New State	123	(4)
The Integrated Elite	127	(2)
Local Government	129	(1)
The Courts	129	(1)
The Changing Role of the State	130	(1)
Public Policy: The Pursuit of Grandeur	131	(8)
Economic Policy	131	(3)
The Politics of Headscarves	134	(1)
Foreign Policy	135	(4)
Feedback	139	(1)
Conclusion: A Remarkable Turnaround	139	(4)
Germany	143	(34)
A Telling Snapshot	143	(1)
Thinking about Germany	144	(2)
The Basics	144	(1)
Key Questions	145	(1)
The Evolution of the German State: The German Questions	146	(8)
Unification and the Kaiser's Reich	146	(2)
Weimar and the Rise of Hitler	148	(2)
The Third Reich	150	(1)
Occupation and the Two Germanys	151	(1)
Building a Democratic Germany	152	(2)
Creating a Democratic Political Culture	154	(2)
Political Participation	156	(7)
Parties and the Electoral Process	156	(1)
The Christian Democrats	157	(2)
The Social Democrats	159	(1)
The Free Democratic Party	160	(1)
The Greens	161	(1)
The Party of Democratic Socialism	161	(1)
The Far Right	162	(1)
Interest Groups	162	(1)
The German State: A Smoothly Functioning Democracy	163	(6)
Chancellor Democracy	163	(1)
The Bundestag	164	(1)
The Bundesrat	165	(1)
The Federal System	165	(1)
The Civil Service	166	(1)
The Constitutional Court	166	(1)
Corporatism	167	(2)
Public Policy: Modell Deutschland	169	(4)
The Social Market Economy	169	(1)
Unification	170	(3)
Feedback	173	(1)
Conclusion: Democratization	173	(4)
The European Union	177	(26)
You Say You Want a Constitution?	177	(1)
Thinking about the EU	178	(2)
Who's In? Who's Out?	179	(1)
The New Europe	179	(1)
Three Pillars	179	(1)
Key Questions	180	(1)
The Evolution of the EU	180	(6)
Not Such a New Idea	180	(3)
Creating the Common Market	183	(3)
Political Culture and Participation in the EU	186	(1)
The European State?	187	(6)
The Commission	187	(1)
The Council	188	(1)
The European Court of Justice	189	(1)
The European Parliament	190	(1)
The Complexity of EU Decision Making	191	(1)
Next Steps?	192	(1)
The EU and National Sovereignty	192	(1)
Public Policy in the EU	193	(3)
The Internal Market	193	(2)
The Common Agricultural Policy	195	(1)
Feedback	196	(1)
Conclusion: A Balance Sheet	197	(6)
Part 3 The Crisis of Communism
Current and Former Communist Regimes	203	(24)
Good Bye, Lenin	204	(1)
Thinking about the Current and Former Communist Regimes	205	(1)
Thinking about Communism	206	(2)
The Leninist State	206	(1)
Command Economies	207	(1)
Key Questions	207	(1)
Socialism, Marxism, Leninism	208	(6)
Socialism	208	(1)
Marxism	208	(3)
Marxism-Leninism	211	(1)
Stalinism	211	(1)
Expansion	212	(1)
De-Stalinization	213	(1)
The Marxist-Leninist State	214	(2)
The Party State	214	(1)
The Graying of Communism	215	(1)
The Crisis of Communism: Suicide by Public Policy	216	(4)
Reform: Too Little, Too Late	216	(1)
1989: The Year That Changed the World	217	(2)
The Remnants of the Communist World	219	(1)
Transitions	220	(2)
(Relative) Success: Eastern and Central Europe	221	(1)
Troubled Transitions: The Former Soviet Union	221	(1)
Ethnic Conflict	222	(1)
What's Left of Marxism?	222	(1)
Feedback	222	(1)
Conclusion: The End of an Era	223	(4)
Russia	227	(38)
Guilty until Proven Guilty	227	(1)
Thinking about Russia	228	(2)
The Basics	229	(1)
Key Questions	230	(1)
The Evolution of the Russian State	230	(12)
The Broad Sweep of Russian History	231	(1)
Prelude to Revolution	231	(1)
Lenin and the (Wrong?) Revolution	232	(2)
Stalin, Terror, and the Modernization of the Soviet Union	234	(2)
Khrushchev, Brezhnev, and the Politics of Decline	236	(2)
The Collapse of the Soviet State: The Gorbachev Years	238	(4)
Crisis and Collapse	242	(1)
Between Dictatorship and Democracy	242	(3)
Birth Pangs	243	(2)
Putin and Stability	245	(1)
Political Culture and Participation	245	(8)
Political Culture	245	(2)
Political Parties and Elections	247	(6)
The Russian State	253	(5)
The Presidency	253	(1)
The Oligarchs	254	(1)
The Parliament	254	(1)
The Bureaucracy	255	(1)
The Judiciary	256	(1)
The Federation	256	(1)
The Military	257	(1)
Public Policy	258	(3)
The Economy	258	(2)
Foreign Policy	260	(1)
Feedback	261	(1)
Conclusion: Half Empty or Half Full	261	(4)
China	265	(38)
Hu's on First	265	(2)
Thinking about China	267	(1)
The Basics	267	(1)
Key Questions	267	(1)
The Evolution of the Chinese State	268	(10)
The Broad Sweep of Chinese History	268	(2)
A Failed Revolution	270	(1)
China Stands Up	270	(3)
Factionalism	273	(5)
Since Mao's Death	278	(1)
Political Culture and Participation	278	(7)
A Blank Slate? A Cultural Revolution?	278	(3)
Participation from the Top Down	281	(1)
From the Bottom Up?	282	(1)
Dissent	282	(3)
The Party State	285	(4)
A New Kind of Party?	286	(1)
The Road to Power	286	(2)
Variations on a Theme	288	(1)
Public Policy: Perestroika without Glasnost	289	(6)
Economic Reform	290	(3)
Foreign Policy	293	(2)
Feedback	295	(1)
Conclusion: Kadan or Communism?	295	(8)
Part 4 The Third World
The Third World	303	(28)
Coltan and Politics	303	(2)
Thinking about the Third World	305	(5)
The Basics	306	(4)
Key Questions	310	(1)
The Evolution of Politics in the Third World	310	(2)
Imperialism and Its Legacy	310	(1)
Independence	311	(1)
Postcolonial Problems	312	(1)
Political Culture in the Third World	312	(2)
Identity	312	(1)
Ethnic and Other Divisions	313	(1)
A Lack of Legitimacy	314	(1)
Political Participation in the Third World	314	(2)
Weak States	316	(3)
Types of States	316	(2)
States and Power	318	(1)
Public Policy: The Myths and Realities of Development	319	(7)
Import Substitution	319	(2)
Structural Adjustment	321	(1)
The International Financial Institutions	322	(1)
Foreign Aid	323	(1)
Microcredit	324	(2)
Feedback	326	(1)
Conclusion: Democratization	326	(5)
India	331	(40)
Who Gives a Dam?	331	(1)
Thinking about India	332	(3)
The Basics	332	(3)
Key Questions	335	(1)
The Evolution of Indian Politics	335	(10)
The Weight of History	335	(1)
British Colonialism	336	(2)
The Struggle for Independence	338	(3)
The New Republic	341	(1)
Centralization and Fragmentation	342	(2)
Coalition Politics	344	(1)
Political Culture	345	(2)
Challenges to Culture and Country	345	(1)
Support for the Regime	346	(1)
The Challenge of Modernization	346	(1)
Political Participation	347	(8)
The End of the Congress System	347	(3)
The BJP	350	(2)
The Other Parties	352	(1)
The Election of 2004	352	(2)
Interest Groups	354	(1)
The Indian State	355	(3)
The Constitution	355	(1)
Parliament	356	(1)
The Bureaucracy	356	(1)
Federalism	357	(1)
Public Policy	358	(8)
Confronting Communal Violence	358	(4)
Stimulating the Economy	362	(4)
Feedback	366	(1)
Conclusion: Democracy in India and the Third World	366	(5)
Iran	371	(30)
Teaching Lolita in Tehran	371	(2)
Iran: The Basics	373	(3)
Persia versus Iran	373	(1)
Shiite versus Sunni	373	(2)
Persia versus Shiism	375	(1)
Social and Economic Conditions	375	(1)
Key Questions	376	(1)
The Evolution of the Iranian State	376	(9)
Before Islam	376	(1)
The Arrival and Consolidation of Islam	377	(2)
The Last Shahs	379	(4)
The Islamic Republic	383	(2)
The People and Politics	385	(4)
Political Culture	386	(1)
Protest and Challenges to the Islamic Republic	386	(1)
Elections and the Prospects for Democracy in Iran	387	(2)
The Iranian State	389	(3)
The Unelected Elements	389	(2)
The Elected Institutions	391	(1)
The Routinization of Charisma	391	(1)
Public Policy	392	(5)
Faith and Gender	392	(1)
The Economy	393	(1)
Iran and the United States: Axis of Evil?	394	(3)
Feedback	397	(1)
Conclusion: Uncertainty	397	(4)
Iraq	401	(32)
Before We Begin	401	(1)
What a Difference a Year Can Make---In Either Direction	401	(2)
Thinking about Iraq	403	(19)
The Basics	403	(1)
The Evolution of the Iraqi State	404	(2)
Political Culture and Participation	406	(4)
The State under Saddam Hussein	410	(5)
Public Policy	415	(7)
The Third War and the New Iraq	422	(7)
A Decade of Tension	422	(2)
The Third War	424	(2)
Occupation and Insurgency	426	(1)
The Insurrection	427	(1)
The New Iraq?	428	(1)
Feedback	429	(4)
Nigeria	433	(36)
A New Democracy?	433	(2)
Thinking about Nigeria	435	(3)
Poverty	435	(2)
Ethnicity	437	(1)
High Stakes Politics	437	(1)
Key Questions	438	(1)
The Evolution of the Nigerian State	438	(14)
Before the British	438	(1)
Colonization	439	(2)
Colonial Rule	441	(1)
Independence	442	(2)
The First Republic	444	(2)
Military Rule I	446	(2)
The Second Republic	448	(1)
Military Rule II	449	(2)
Military Rule III	451	(1)
Political Culture	452	(4)
Mass Political Culture	452	(2)
Elite Culture	454	(1)
Nonelectoral Participation	454	(1)
Political Parties and Elections	455	(1)
The Fragile Nigerian State	456	(4)
The Fourth Republic	457	(1)
The Personalization of Power	457	(1)
Corruption	458	(1)
Federalism	459	(1)
Public Policy	460	(5)
Democratization	460	(2)
Economic Development and Structural Adjustment	462	(3)
Feedback	465	(1)
Nigeria and the Plight of the Third World	465	(4)
Mexico	469	(40)
A Failing Presidency?	469	(1)
Thinking about Mexico	470	(3)
The Basics	471	(1)
Big Brother Is Watching	472	(1)
Key Questions	473	(1)
The Evolution of Mexican Politics	473	(7)
The Colonial Era	474	(1)
Independence	474	(2)
The Revolution	476	(1)
Institutionalizing the Revolution	476	(1)
Cardenas and His Legacy	477	(1)
An Institutional Revolutionary Party	478	(2)
Political Culture	480	(2)
Political Participation	482	(6)
The PRI and Its Hold on Power	483	(2)
The Other Parties	485	(3)
The People, the PRI, and Civil Society	488	(1)
The Mexican State	488	(6)
Nonreelection and Presidential Domination	489	(1)
The Cabinet, the Bureaucracy, and the Judiciary	490	(1)
Congress and the Legislative Process	491	(1)
The Federal System	492	(1)
The Military	492	(1)
Corporatism and Corruption	492	(2)
Public Policy	494	(9)
Debt and Development	494	(4)
U.S.-Mexican Relations	498	(5)
Feedback	503	(1)
Conclusion: Mexico and the Third World	503	(6)
Part 5 Conclusion
Dancer . . . and Opportunity	509	(16)
Crisis	509	(1)
Danger	510	(5)
The Growing Cost of Violence and War	511	(1)
Environmental Abuse	512	(2)
The Perilous Global Economy	514	(1)
Lives without Dignity	514	(1)
The Wheel of Fortune	515	(1)
Constraints on States and Citizens	516	(1)
Opportunity: A Change in the Way We Think	517	(5)
Ways of Thinking	518	(1)
Conventional Values	519	(1)
Cooperative Problem Solving	519	(2)
Thinking Systemically	521	(1)
Conclusion: Student and Citizen	522	(3)
Glossary	525	(13)
Photo Credits	538	(1)
Name Index	539	(4)
Subject Index	543