Comparative Politics Integrating Theories, Methods, and Cases

by Dickovick, J. Tyler; Eastwood, Jonathan

• ISBN13: 9780195392104
• ISBN10: 0195392108
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2012-12-14
• Publisher: Oxford University Press

Summary

Why do countries have different institutions and forms of government? Why do some social revolutions succeed and endure while others fail? Why are some societies subjected to terrorism and not others? An engaging and accessible introduction to the subject,Comparative Politics: IntegratingTheories, Methods, and Casesgives students the methodological tools they need to answer the "big questions" in the field. The authors introduce methods early in the text and integrate them throughout in order to help students develop a systematic way of thinking about comparative politics. FEATURES *A unique structure offers the best of thematic and country-by-country approaches.Fifteen succinct thematic chapters--organized around the "big questions" in the field--are followed by a separate section at the end of the book offering full-length profiles and case studies for twelve countries *Each chapter integrates six standalone country case studies in "Case in Context" boxes;these features tie into the narrative, pose questions, and point students to the full case discussions in the country profiles *"Thinking Comparatively" boxesintroduce new methodological tools and help students apply the theories and concepts covered in each chapter *"Insights" boxesprovide abstracts on some of the leading works in the field SUPPORT PACKAGE AnInstructor's Resource CDputs all of your teaching tools in one place: * AnInstructor's Resource Manual with Test Item Fileprovides chapter objectives, detailed chapter outlines, lecture suggestions and activities, discussion questions, video resources, and online resources * ATest Item Fileincludes more than eight hundred test questions--multiple-choice, short-answer, and essay--written by the authors * AComputerized Test Bank:Using the test authoring and management tool Diploma, this computerized test bank is designed for both novice and advanced users *PowerPoint-Based Slides:Each chapter's slide deck includes a succinct chapter outline and incorporates relevant chapter graphics ACompanion Websiteat www.oup.com/us/dickovick offers all of the instructor resources described above--available for download--along with student resources including learning objectives, flash cards, self-quizzes, related links, and more. This text is also available as a CourseSmart Ebook(978-0-19-9994768-3). Course Cartridgesare also available. PACKAGING OPTIONS: Adopters ofComparative Politics: Integrating Theories, Methods, and Casescan be packaged withanyOxford University Press book at a 20% savings off the total package price. See our many trade and scholarly offerings at www.oup.com, then contact your local OUP sales representative to request a package ISBN. In addition, theOxford Pocket World Atlas,Sixth Edition,The Student Research and Writing Guide for Political Science,and any title from ourVery Short Introduction Seriescan be packaged with the text for FREE.

Author Biography

J. Tyler Dickovick is Associate Professor of Politics at Washington and Lee University. He is the author of Decentralization and Recentralization in Developing Countries: Comparative Studies from Africa and Latin America (2011) and has published articles in many journals.

Jonathan Eastwood is Associate Professor of Sociology at Washington and Lee University. He is the author of several articles and book chapters and of The Rise of Nationalism in Venezuela (2006).

Table of Contents

Insights
Preface
Maps of the World
PART I: COMPARATIVE POLITICAL ANALYSIS
Chapter 1. The Comparative Approach: An Introduction
Asking Why: Research Questions in Comparative Politics
Types of Questions in Comparative Political Analysis
Major Questions in Comparative Politics
Empirical Arguments versus Normative Arguments
Solving Intellectual Puzzles: A Contemporary Analogy
Concepts
Features of Good Concepts
Conceptualization
Operationalizing: From Concepts to Measures
Empirical Evidence
Facts and Evidence
Cases and Case Studies
The Comparative Method
Variables and Comparison
The Most-Similar-Systems Design
The Most-Different-Systems Design
Comparative Checking
Within-Case Comparison
Is the Study of Politics a Science? The Limits of the Comparative Method
Chapter 2. Theories, Hypotheses, and Evidence
Introduction to Theories, Hypotheses, and Evidence
Hypotheses
How Theories Emerge and Are Used
Types of Evidence
Hypothesis Testing
Correlation
Causation
Critiques: Using Theory and Evidence
Empirical Critiques: Confirming Cases and Deviant Cases
Theoretical Critiques: Improving Theories and Hypotheses
The Challenge of Measurement: Errors, Biases, and Validity
Thinking Comparatively: Qualities of Good Analysis and Argumentation
Step 1: Asking Good Questions: Why?
Step 2: Hypotheses Testing: Generating Good Hypotheses and Testing Them Fairly
Step 3: Balancing Argumentation: Evidence, Originality, and Meaningfulness
PART II: THE STATE, DEVELOPMENT, DEMOCRACY, AND AUTHORITARIANISM
Chapter 3. The Modern State
Concepts
The Modern State
State Capacity
Failed States
The State-Society Relationship
Types
Characteristics of Modern States
Bureaucracy
Impersonality
Sovereignty
Functions of Modern States
Taxation
Defense
Policing
Economic Management
Investments in Human Capital: Education and Health
Welfare State Functions
Infrastructure and Other Public Goods
Causes and Effects: Why Do States and Welfare States Emerge?
Why Do States Emerge?
Political/Conflict Theories
Economic Theories
Cultural Theories
Diffusion Theories
Why Do Welfare States Emerge?
Cultural Changes
Industrial Capitalism
Mobilization And Political Action
Thinking Comparatively: How Did the Spanish State Emerge?
Cases in Context
The Mexican State and Rule of Law
State-led Development in Japan
The German State: Unification and Welfare
The State in France
The State in the United Kingdom
What Is a Weak State, and Can It Be Changed? The Case of Nigeria
Chapter 4. Development and Political Economy
Concepts
Types
Poverty and Inequality
Employment and Inflation
Social Outcomes and Human Development
Gender Relations and Racial and Ethnic Identities
Satisfaction and Happiness
Cultural Development
Sustainability
Causes and Effects
Institutions: Markets and States
Culture and Development
Systems and Structures: International and Domestic
Thinking Comparatively: Explaining the Development of North and South Korea
Cases in Context
Did Free Markets Help the United States Get Rich? Will They in the Future?
What Explains India's Recent Growth?
Does the Global Economy Help or Hurt Developing Nations like Brazil?
Why Are Natural Resources Sometimes a Curse? The Nigerian Case
Development and Political Economy of Britain
How Did China Become an Economic Power?
Chapter 5. Democracy and Democratization
Concepts
Democracy and Democratic Regimes
Procedural (Minimal) Definitions of Democracy
Substantive Definitions of Democracy
Regime Change and Democratization
Types
Types of Democracy
Representative Democracy
Direct Democracy
Types of Democratization
Transition to Democracy
Democratic Consolidation
Causes and Effects: What Causes Democratization?
Modernization
Culture and Democracy
The International System
Domestic Institutions
Agents and Actors
Combining Arguments and Theories: Multiple Causes
Thinking Comparatively: Is American Democracy a Model?
Cases in Context
Gradual Democratization in the United Kingdom
Is China Destined for Democracy?
Democratic Consolidation in Brazil
Democracy's Success in India: What Can We Learn from a Deviant Case?
Democratization (Partially) from the Outside in Japan
Is American Democracy in Trouble?
Chapter 6. Authoritarian Regimes and Democratic Breakdown
Concepts
Authoritarianism and Authoritarian Regimes
Transitions to Authoritarian Regimes
Types
Types of Authoritarianism
Totalitarian Regimes
Theocracies
Personalistic Dictatorships
Bureaucratic-Authoritarian Regimes
Hybrid and Semi-authoritarian Regimes
Types of Transition (or Nontransition) to Authoritarianism
Authoritarian Persistence
Democratic Breakdown
Transition to Hybrid or Semi-authoritarian Regime
Causes and Effects: What Causes Authoritarian Regimes to Emerge and Persist?
Historical Institutionalist Theories
Poverty and Inequality
State Weakness and Failure
Political Culture
Barriers to Collective Action
Special Causal Circumstances Surrounding Hybrid Regimes
Thinking Comparatively: Why Did Zimbabwe Become and Remain Authoritarian?
Cases in Context
Democratic Features of Authoritarian Systems? The Case of Iran
Oligarchy, Democracy, and Authoritarianism in Russia
Democracy and Authoritarianism in Germany
Mexico's "Perfect Dictatorship" and Its End
Authoritarian Persistence in Nineteenth-century France
Development, the Weak State, and Authoritarianism in Nigeria
PART III: INSTITUTIONS OF GOVERNMENT
Chapter 7. Constitutions and Constitutional Design
Concepts
Constitutions
Constitutional Design
Types
Flexible and Rigid Constitutions
Separation of Powers: Judicial Review and Parliamentary Sovereignty
Federalism and Unitarism
Federalism
Unitarism
Authoritarian and Democratic Constitutions
Causes and Effects: What Are the Effects of Federal Constitutions?
Are Federal Constitutions Good for Social Stability?
Are Federal Constitutions Good for Protecting Democratic Rights?
Are Federal Constitutions Good for the Economy?
Judicial Review and Democracy
Thinking Comparatively: What Explains the Similarities between the American and South African Constitutions?
Cases in Context
Brazil's Constitution
No Constitution? No Supreme Court? Constitutionality in the United Kingdom
Constitutional Design: Theocracy in Iran
Federalism and the States in Nigeria: Holding Together or Tearing Apart?
Federalism and Differences in Development in India
Is Judicial Activism in the United States a Problem?
Chapter 8. Legislatures and Legislative Elections
Concepts
What Legislatures Are
What Legislatures Do
Types
Unicameral and Bicameral Legislatures
Electoral Systems
District Systems
Proportional Representation (PR)
Mixed or Hybrid Systems
Executive--Legislative Relations
Causes and Effects
Patterns of Representation
Electoral Systems and Representation
Legislative Decision Making and Representation
Executive-Legislative Relations and Representation
Thinking Comparatively: Representation in New Zealand and Beyond
Cases in Context
The Mother of Parliaments: The United Kingdom and the Westminster Model
Proportional Representation and Political Power in the Russian Duma
Electoral Rules and Party (In)Discipine in Brazil's Legislature
The Hybrid Electoral System of the Japanese Diet
Institutional Design: Germany's Bundestag and Bundesrat
The United States Congress: Dysfunctional or Functioning by Design?
Chapter 9. Executives
Concepts
Types
Executive Structures: Presidential and Parliamentary
Formal Powers
Partisan Powers
Informal Powers
Coalitions
Causes and Effects
Stable and Unstable Regimes: Presidentialism, Parliamentarism, and Democracy
Stable and Unstable Executives: Styles of Presidential Rule
Stable and Unstable Executives: Patterns of Parliamentary Rule
Thinking Comparatively: Beyond the American and British Models
Cases in Context
Electing the French President: What Do Runoffs Do?
"The Most Powerful Person in the World"? Checks on American Presidents
Executives in Russia: Was the Former President a Puppet?
Who Governs China?
Giving the "Big Finger": The Mexican President's Dedazo
The Presidency in Nigeria: Powers and Limitations
Chapter 10. Political Parties, Party Systems, and Interest Groups
Concepts
Political Parties
Party Systems
Interest Groups
Types
Political Parties: Elite, Mass, and Catch-All Parties
Party Systems: Dominant-Party, Two-Party, and Multiparty Systems
Interest Groups: Pluralism and Corporatism
Causes and Effects
Party Systems and Representation
What Factors Shape Party Systems?
How Do Party Systems Shape Political Outcomes?
Interest Groups and Representation
Thinking Comparatively: Party Systems in Sub-Saharan Africa
Cases in Context
The Chinese Party System
How Did Japan's Dominant Party Win for So Long?
Consensus-Based Politics in Germany
Personalism and the Party System in Russia
The PRI and Corporatism in Mexico
What Makes Interest Articulation in Brazil Coherent or Incoherent?
PART IV: POLITICS, SOCIETY, AND CULTURE
Chapter 11. Revolutions and Contention
Concepts
What Is "Contention"?
Revolutionary and Non-revolutionary Contention
Types
Social Movements
Revolutions
Insurgencies and Civil Wars
Terrorism
"Everyday Resistance"
Causes and Effects: Why Do Revolutions Happen?
Relative Deprivation and Social Disequilibrium
Resource Mobilization and Political Opportunities
Rational-Choice
Culture or "Framing" Explanations
Thinking Comparatively: The "Arab Spring" of 2011
Cases in Context
Brazil's Landless Movement
The French Revolution
India's Struggle Against Colonialism
The Russian Revolution
The Chinese Revolution
Iran's Islamic Revolution and "Green Revolution"?
Chapter 12. Nationalism and National Identity
Concepts
Identity
Nationalism and the Nation
Types
Primordialist Approaches
Perennialist Approaches
Modernist Approaches
Types of Nationalism
Causes and Effect
What Causes Nationalism to Emerge?
Primordial Ties
Structural Forces
Political Institutions
Cultural Construction
What Causes Ethno-national Conflict?
Primordial Bonds
Cultural Boundaries
Material Interests
Rational Calculation
Social Psychology
Thinking Comparatively: Ending Ethnic and National Violence
Cases in Context
Civic Nationalism in France?
Ethnic Boundaries of the German Nation?
Industrialization, Modernity, and National Identity in Mexico
Importing National Identity in Japan?
National Identity in the United Kingdom
The Nigerian Civil War or Biafran War: Nationalism and Ethno-national Conflict in a
Post-colonial Society
Chapter 13. Race, Ethnicity, and Gender
Concepts
Race and Ethnicity
Gender
Sexual Orientation
Types
Disentangling Race and Ethnicity
Discrimination Based on Race and Ethnicity
Gender Discrimination
Empowerment of Women and Minority Groups
Causes and Effects: What Factors Influence the Political Representation of Women and Minority Groups?
Social Movement Mobilization
Political Parties Based on Gender or Ethnicity
Institutional Methods for Promoting Women's and Minority Group Members'
Representation in
Elected Office
Thinking Comparatively: Indicators of Gender Empowerment
Cases in Context
Gender in Post-Revolutionary Iranian Politics
Gender Empowerment in Japan?
Gender and Political Representation in Brazil: Where Has Progress Come From?
Ethnic Groups and Political Representation in the United States
Why Aren't There Major Ethnic Parties in Mexico?
Ethnicity and Political Parties in India
Chapter 14. Ideology and Religion in Modern Politics
Concepts
Modernity and Modernization
Ideology
Religion
Secularization, Religion, and Modern Politics
Religious Conflict
Types
Modern Ideologies
Liberalism
Fascism
Socialism
Modern Forms of Religion in Politics
Lay and Religious States
Denominationalism
Causes and Effects
Why (and How) Does Modernization Alter Religion's Role in Politics?
Modernization Theory and Secularization
The "Religious Economies" Approach
Institutional Theories
Why Didn't Ideology (and History) End
Thinking Comparatively: Two Lefts in Latin America?
Cases in Context
Liberal Ideology in the United Kingdom
Nazism in Germany
Communist Ideology in Practice--Russia and the Soviet Union
Religion and Secularism in France
Religion and Politics in Iran
Religious Difference and Conflict in Nigeria: Disentangling Ethnicity and Religion?
PART V: THE COMPARATIVE-INTERNATIONAL NEXUS
Chapter 15. Comparative Politics and International Relations
Concepts
Issues
Globalization and Trade
International Institutions and Integration
Immigration
Environment and Sustainability
Transnational Networks
Nuclear Threats and Terrorism
Causes and Effects
Realism
Liberalism
Constructivism
Marxism
Thinking Comparatively: The EU and Levels of Analysis
Cases in Context
China and the Global Economy
The United States and the World: A Love-Hate Relationship?
Globalization and Culture in France
Resource Management in Japan
Iran and the Politics of Nuclear Proliferation
India in the Twenty-first Century: Domestic Politics, Identity, and Security
PART VI: COUNTRY PROFILES AND CASES
United Kingdom
Profile
Introduction
Historical Development
Regime and Political Institutions
Political Culture
Political Economy
Case Studies
The State in the United Kingdom (Ch. 3)
Development and Political Economy of Britain (Ch. 4)
No Constitution? No Supreme Court? Constitutionality in the United Kingdom (Ch. 7)
The Mother of Parliaments: The United Kingdom and the Westminster Model (Ch. 8)
National Identity in the United Kingdom (Ch. 12)
Liberal Ideology in the United Kingdom (Ch. 14)
France
Profile
Introduction
Historical Development
Regime and Political Institutions
Political Culture
Political Economy
Case Studies
The State in France (Ch. 3)
Electing the French President: What Do Runoffs Do? (Ch. 9)
The French Revolution (Ch. 11)
Civic Nationalism in France? (Ch. 12)
Religion and Secularism in France (Ch. 14)
Globalization and Culture in France (Ch. 15)
Germany
Profile
Introduction
Historical Development
Regime and Political Institutions
Political Culture
Political Economy
Case Studies
The German State: Unification and Welfare (Ch. 3)
Democracy and Authoritarianism in Germany (Ch. 6)
Institutional Design: Germany's Bundestag and Bundesrat (Ch. 8)
Consensus-Based Politics in Germany (Ch. 10)
Ethnic Boundaries of the German Nation? (Ch. 12)
Nazism in Germany (Ch. 14)
Japan
Profile
Introduction
Historical Development
Regime and Political Institutions
Political Culture
Political Economy
Case Studies
State-Led Development in Japan (Ch. 3)
Democratization (Partially) from the Outside in Japan (Ch. 5)
The Hybrid Electoral System of the Japanese Diet (Ch. 8)
How Did Japan's Dominant Party Win for So Long? (Ch. 10)
Importing National Identity in Japan? (Ch. 12)
Gender Empowerment in Japan? (Ch. 13)
Resource Management in Japan (Ch. 15)
United States
Profile
Introduction
Historical Development
Regime and Political Institutions
Political Culture
Political Economy
>Case Studies
Did Free Markets Help the United States Get Rich? Will They in the Future? (Ch. 4)
Is Judicial Activism in the United States a Problem? (Ch. 7)
The United States Congress: Dysfunctional or Functioning by Design? (Ch. 8)
"The Most Powerful Person in the World"? Checks on American Presidents (Ch. 9)
Ethnic Groups and Political Representation in the United States (Ch. 13)
The United States and the World: A Love-Hate Relationship? (Ch. 15)
Brazil
Profile
Introduction
Historical Development
Regime and Political Institutions
Political Culture
Political Economy
Case Studies
Does the Global Economy Help or Hurt Developing Nations like Brazil? (Ch. 4)
Brazil's Constitution (Ch. 7)
Electoral Rules and Party (In)Discipine in Brazil's Legislature (Ch. 8)
What Makes Interest Articulation in Brazil Coherent or Incoherent? (Ch. 10)
Brazil's Landless Movement (Ch. 11)
Gender and Political Representation in Brazil: Where Has Progress Come From? (Ch. 13)
Russia
Profile
Introduction
Historical Development
Regime and Political Institutions
Political Culture
Political Economy
Case Studies
Oligarchy, Democracy, and Authoritarianism in Russia (Ch. 6)
Proportional Representation and Political Power in the Russian Duma (Ch. 8)
Executives in Russia: Was the Former President a Puppet? (Ch. 9)
Personalism and the Party System in Russia (Ch. 10)
The Russian Revolution (Ch. 11)
Communist Ideology in Practice--Russia and the Soviet Union (Ch. 14)
India
Profile
Introduction
Historical Development
Regime and Political Institutions
Political Culture
Political Economy
Case Studies
What Explains India's Recent Growth? (Ch. 4)
Democracy's Success in India: What Can We Learn from a Deviant Case? (Ch. 5)
Federalism and Differences in Development in India (Ch. 7)
India's Struggle Against Colonialism (Ch. 11)
Ethnicity and Political Parties in India (Ch. 13)
India in the Twenty-first Century: Domestic Politics, Identity, and Security (Ch. 15)
China
Profile
Introduction
Historical Development
Regime and Political Institutions
Political Culture
Political Economy
Case Studies
How Did China Become an Economic Power? (Ch. 4)
Is China Destined for Democracy? (Ch. 5)
Who Governs China? (Ch. 9)
The Chinese Party System (Ch. 10)
The Chinese Revolution (Ch. 11)
What Does the Rise of China Mean for the U.S. Economy? (Ch. 15)
Iran (Islamic Republic of Iran)
Profile
Introduction
Historical Development
Regime and Political Institutions
Political Culture
Political Economy
Case Studies
Democratic Features of Authoritarian Systems? The Case of Iran (Ch. 6)
Constitutional Design: Theocracy in Iran (Ch. 7)
Iran's Islamic Revolution and "Green Revolution"? (Ch. 11)
Gender in Post-Revolutionary Iranian Politics (Ch. 13)
Religion and Politics in Iran (Ch. 14)
Iran and the Politics of Nuclear Proliferation (Ch. 15)
Mexico
Profile
Introduction
Historical Development
Regime and Political Institutions
Political Culture
Political Economy
Case Studies
The Mexican State and Rule of Law (Ch. 3)
Mexico's "Perfect Dictatorship" and Its End (Ch. 6)
Giving the Big Finger: The Mexican President's Dedazo (Ch. 9)
The PRI and Corporatism in Mexico (Ch. 10)
Industrialization, Modernity, and National Identity in Mexico (Ch. 12)
Why Aren't There Major Ethnic Parties in Mexico? (Ch. 13)
Nigeria
Profile
Introduction
Historical Development
Regime and Political Institutions
Political Culture
Political Economy
Case Studies
What Is a Weak State, and Can It Be Changed? The Case of Nigeria (Ch. 3)
Why Are Natural Resources Sometimes a Curse? The Nigerian Case (Ch. 4)
Development, the Weak State, and Authoritarianism in Nigeria (Ch. 6)
Federalism and the States in Nigeria: Holding Together or Tearing Apart? (Ch. 7)
The Presidency in Nigeria: Powers and Limitations (Ch. 9)
The Nigerian Civil War or Biafran War: Nationalism and Ethno-National Conflict in a Post-Colonial Society (Ch. 12)
Religious Difference and Conflict in Nigeria: Disentangling Ethnicity and Religion? (Ch. 14)
Notes
Glossary
References and Further Reading
Credits
Index