Comparative Politics Today: A World View

by Almond, Gabriel A.; Powell, G. Bingham, Jr.; Strom, Kaare; Dalton, Russell J.

• ISBN13: 9780321106766
• ISBN10: 0321106768
• Edition: 7th
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2002-07-01
• Publisher: Pearson

Table of Contents

Preface to the Updated Seventh Edition	xix
Preface	xxi
Acknowledgments	xxiii
Contributors	xxv
PART ONE Introduction	1	(48)
Issues in Comparative Politics	3	(31)
What Is Politics?	3	(1)
Governments and the State of Nature	4	(2)
Why Governments?	6	(2)
When Does Government Become the Problem?	8	(5)
Political Systems	13	(1)
States	14	(4)
Building Community	18	(6)
Fostering Development	24	(6)
Securing Democracy, Human Rights, and Civil Liberties	30	(4)
Key Terms	32	(1)
Suggested Readings	32	(2)
Comparing Political Systems	34	(15)
Why We Compare	34	(1)
How We Compare	35	(1)
Systems: Structure and Function	36	(4)
Structures and Functions	40	(3)
An Illustrative Comparison: Russia in 1985 and 1998	43	(3)
The Policy Level: Performance, Outcome, and Evaluation	46	(3)
Key Terms	47	(1)
Suggested Readings	48	(1)
PART TWO System, Process, and Policy	49	(116)
Political Culture and Political Socialization	51	(17)
Political Culture	51	(1)
Mapping the Three Levels of Political Culture	52	(6)
Political Socialization	58	(1)
Agents of Political Socialization	58	(6)
Trends in Contemporary Political Cultures	64	(4)
Key Terms	66	(1)
Suggested Readings	66	(2)
Interest Articulation	68	(19)
Citizen Action	68	(3)
Interest Groups	71	(7)
Access to the Influential	78	(4)
Policy Perspectives on Interest Articulation	82	(1)
Interest Group Development	83	(4)
Key Terms	85	(1)
Suggested Readings	85	(2)
Interest Aggregation and Political Parties	87	(20)
Personal Interest Aggregation	88	(1)
Institutional Interest Aggregation	89	(1)
Competitive Party Systems and Interest Aggregation	90	(8)
Authoritarian Party Systems	98	(2)
The Military and Interest Aggregation	100	(1)
Trends in Interest Aggregation	101	(2)
Significance of Interest Aggregation	103	(4)
Key Terms	104	(1)
Suggested Readings	104	(3)
Government and Policymaking	107	(29)
Constitutions and Decision Rules	107	(2)
Democracy and Authoritarianism	109	(1)
Geographic Distribution of Government Power	110	(1)
Separation of Government Powers	111	(3)
Limitations on Government Powers	114	(2)
Assemblies	116	(3)
Political Executives	119	(5)
The Bureaucracy	124	(3)
Elite Recruitment	127	(5)
Control of Elites	132	(4)
Key Terms	134	(1)
Suggested Readings	134	(2)
Public Policy	136	(29)
Government and What It Does	136	(2)
Extraction	138	(3)
Distribution	141	(3)
Regulation	144	(3)
Community-Building and Symbolic Policies	147	(1)
Outcomes: Domestic Welfare	148	(4)
Domestic Security Outcomes	152	(1)
International Outputs and Outcomes	153	(3)
Political Goods and Values	156	(2)
Strategies for Producing Political Goods	158	(4)
Trade-offs and Opportunity Costs	162	(3)
Key Terms	162	(1)
Suggested Readings	162	(3)
PART THREE Country Studies	165	(620)
Politics in England	167	(54)
Richard Rose
Current Policy Challenges	168	(1)
The Constraints of History	169	(3)
The Environment of Politics	172	(6)
The Structure of Government	178	(10)
Political Culture and Legitimacy	188	(3)
Political Socialization	191	(4)
Political Participation and Recruitment	195	(3)
Organizing Group Interests	198	(3)
Party System and Electoral Choice	201	(5)
Making and Delivering Government Policies	206	(8)
Policy Outcomes and Changes in Society	214	(7)
Key Terms	216	(1)
Suggested Readings	216	(5)
Politics in France	221	(54)
Martin A. Schain
Current Policy Challenges	221	(1)
A Historical Perspective	222	(1)
Economy and Society	223	(2)
Constitution and Governmental Structure	225	(3)
Political Culture	228	(4)
Political Socialization	232	(4)
Mass and Elite Recruitment	236	(7)
Interest Groups	243	(4)
Political Parties	247	(11)
Policy Processes	258	(6)
The State and Territorial Relations	264	(3)
Performance and Prospects	267	(8)
Key Terms	271	(1)
Suggested Readings	271	(4)
Politics in Germany	275	(56)
Russell J. Dalton
Current Policy Challenges	276	(1)
The Historical Legacy	277	(2)
Following Two Paths	279	(4)
Social Forces	283	(2)
The Institutions and Structure of Government	285	(5)
Remaking Political Cultures	290	(4)
Political Learning and Political Communication	294	(3)
Citizen Participation	297	(2)
Politics at the Elite Level	299	(2)
Interest Groups	301	(3)
The Party System	304	(6)
The Electoral System	310	(4)
The Policy Process	314	(3)
Policy Performance	317	(5)
The Policy Challenges of Unification	322	(3)
After the Revolution	325	(6)
Key Terms	325	(1)
Suggested Readings	326	(5)
Politics in Japan	331	(46)
Frances Rosenbluth
Michael F. Thies
Current Policy Challenges	332	(1)
Historical Origins of the Modern Japanese State	333	(2)
The Occupation	335	(2)
Political Institutions and the Policy Process	337	(7)
Electoral Systems and the Nature of Electoral Competition	344	(3)
The Japanese Party System	347	(8)
The Internal Organization of the LDP	355	(2)
Political Participation, Voting Behavior, and Interest Groups	357	(4)
Political Culture and Issue Cleavages	361	(3)
Policy Performance	364	(5)
Concluding Thoughts About Japan's Democracy	369	(8)
Key Terms	371	(1)
Suggested Readings	371	(6)
Politics in Russia	377	(48)
Thomas F. Remington
Rebuilding Russia	377	(1)
Changing Political Institutions	378	(12)
Russian Political Culture in the Post-Soviet Period	390	(2)
Political Participation and Social Capital	392	(3)
Interest Articulation: From Statism to Pluralism	395	(4)
Parties and the Aggregation of Interests	399	(10)
The Politics of Economic Reform	409	(5)
Rule Adjudication: Toward a Constitutional Order	414	(4)
Is Russia a Democracy?	418	(1)
Chronology of Major Political Events: Russia, 1989--2000	418	(7)
Key Terms	420	(1)
Suggested Readings	420	(5)
Politics in China	425	(44)
Melanie Manion
Current Policy Challenges	426	(1)
Historical Setting	427	(1)
Political History of the PRC	428	(3)
Chinese Society	431	(1)
A Communist Party-State	432	(1)
Political Structures	433	(8)
Rule by Law	441	(2)
Political Culture and Socialization	443	(3)
Political Participation	446	(5)
Interest Articulation and Aggregation	451	(2)
Policymaking and Implementation	453	(4)
Official Corruption	457	(1)
Policy Performance	458	(5)
Hong Kong	463	(1)
Taiwan	464	(1)
China's Political Future	464	(5)
Key Terms	465	(1)
Suggested Readings	465	(4)
Politics in Mexico	469	(52)
Wayne A. Cornelius
Historical Perspectives	473	(5)
International Environment	478	(3)
Political Culture and Socialization	481	(4)
Political Structure and Institutions	485	(9)
Recruiting the Political Elite	494	(2)
Interest Representation and Political Control	496	(12)
Government Performance	508	(8)
Mexico's Political Future: Transition to What?	516	(5)
Key Terms	517	(1)
Suggested Readings	517	(4)
Politics in Brazil	521	(56)
Frances Hagopian
Current Policy Challenges	521	(1)
Historical Perspectives	522	(3)
Economy and Society	525	(4)
Political Culture	529	(6)
Political Recruitment and Political Participation	535	(5)
Political Representation and Interest Groups	540	(5)
Political Parties and Elections	545	(9)
Political Structures and the Policy Process	554	(9)
Policy Performance	563	(7)
Prospects for the Future	570	(7)
Key Terms	571	(1)
Suggested Readings	571	(6)
Politics in Egypt	577	(58)
Ann Mosely Lesch
Current Policy Challenges	577	(1)
The Importance of Place	578	(4)
The Legacy of History	582	(5)
Institutions and Structure of Government	587	(10)
Party System and Elections	597	(7)
Political Culture and Socialization	604	(6)
Political Participation and Recruitment	610	(3)
Articulation and Aggregation of Interests	613	(8)
Public Policy and Performance	621	(7)
Crisis of Legitimacy	628	(7)
Key Terms	630	(1)
Suggested Readings	630	(5)
Politics in India	635	(52)
Subrata K. Mitra
Current Policy Challenges	636	(1)
Beyond Indian ``Exceptionalism''	636	(2)
Some Basic ``Givens'' of the Indian Social Structure: From Hierarchy to Democratic Plurality	638	(7)
The Twin Legacy of Colonial Rule and the Anticolonial Movement	645	(3)
Political Socialization, Recruitment, and Political Cuiture	648	(7)
Political Institutions and the Policy Process	655	(8)
The Federal Structure	663	(2)
The Articulation and Aggregation of Interests: Development of a Competitive Party System	665	(9)
The Economy, Welfare, and Regulation	674	(5)
Conclusion: The Resilience of Pluralist Politics in India	679	(8)
Key Terms	681	(1)
Suggested Readings	681	(6)
Politics in Nigeria	687	(52)
Robert J. Mundt
Oladimeji Aborisade
Current Policy Challenges	687	(1)
The Effects of History	688	(4)
Environmental Potential and Limitations	692	(6)
Political Culture and Subcultures	698	(6)
Political Socialization	704	(5)
Political Recruitment	709	(2)
Political Structure	711	(4)
The Political Process	715	(4)
Political Participation	719	(1)
Parties and Elections	719	(6)
Policy Formation and Implementation	725	(7)
Nigeria in Africa and in the World	732	(1)
Prospects for Development	733	(6)
Key Terms	734	(1)
Suggested Readings	735	(4)
Politics in the United States	739	(46)
Austin Ranney
Current Policy Challenges	739	(1)
The United States Among the World's Nations	740	(4)
The Constitutional System	744	(6)
Political Culture and Socialization	750	(3)
The Mass Communications Media	753	(2)
Political Participation and Recruitment	755	(5)
Interest Articulation: Pressure Groups and PACs	760	(3)
The Special Characteristics of American Political Parties	763	(6)
The Policymaking Process	769	(3)
Policy Performance	772	(5)
American Exceptionalism: Myth or Reality?	777	(3)
Conclusion	780	(5)
Key Terms	780	(1)
Suggested Readings	780	(5)
Index	785